A nondimensional form of the basic differential equation for spatially varied flow with increasing discharge was developed in section VI. The main purpose of this thesis is the application of this nondimensional equation to rectangular channels of various roughness values. A rectangular channel with continuous flow was constructed in order to establish uniform flow. The channel roughness was altered by placing screen wire and wooden cubes in the channel. Manning roughness coefficients were determined from the observed values for uniform depth. The law of conservation of linear momentum was used to develop a differential equation for spatially varied flow with increasing discharge. By defining certain dimensionless parameters, this equation was altered to a dimensionless form. An IBM 7040 computer was used to solve this nondimensional equation for various conditions of slope, roughness, and discharge. When the channel slope and roughness were held constant, the theoretical profiles varied slightly over a wide range of discharge. / Master of Science

Within the past decade there has become a dire need for equipment to mechanically harvest and handle apples. Apple growers have had trouble finding suitable labor to economically harvest their crop. Thus far, mechanical harvesting has not been very successful. One basic problem encountered by mechanical harvesting and handling equipment has been the damage incurred by the apple during the process. In an effort to discover what physical phenomena actually are responsible for this apple injury, several investigators have employed an engineering approach to analysing the physical properties of the apple. Several of the investigations have revealed that a large percentage of the apple's resistance to rupture lies in the skin alone. The objective of this project was to establish techniques for determining and evaluating the mechanical and rheological properties of the apple skin. Skin specimen from three apple varieties (Winesap, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious) were tested. The Specimen were loaded at two constant displacement rates, yielding the skin's force deformation behavior. In addition, the skin was displaced to a constant deformation and held constant, the relaxation behavior being observed. The creep behavior was determined by subjecting the specimen to a constant force. By examining the results of these experiments it was observed that apple skin was a viscoelastic material; in certain instances, however, the akin also exhibited some apparent plastic behavior. From the experiments it was possible to determine many mechanical properties of the three varieties investigated. Some of the more important properties obtained were initial modulus of elasticity, secant modulus, tensile strength at break, and Poisson's ratio. The effect of displacement rate and specimen orientation on the strength was investigated. The apple skin was found to be anisotropic, with the maximum strength in a direction parallel to the core. It was observed that Poisson's ratio was not time dependent, and could be assumed a constant for each variety. Mechanical models were employed to simulate the behavior of the Winesap apple skin under several loading conditions. It was established that no one simple mechanical model could be used to predict the skin's behavior in all loading situations. TWo models, a three-element and a four-element, were formulated from the relaxation and creep results respectively. The behavior of the models was compared with the experimental data, and it was found that the formulated models could be used to predict the behavior of the actual skin. / Master of Science

The kinetics of base-catalyzed isomerization and hydration of butadiene sulfones has been studied by using the gas chromatographic method. The reaction has been shown to be first-order with respect to each of the three components, i.e., α-butadiene sulfone, β-butadiene sulfone, and alcohol, in this complex reaction system. It is also first-order with respect to base, and second-order overall. The rate constants and relative rate constants of this reaction system have been obtained in the range of 35 to 55° C. The thermodynamic quantities of the reversible isomerization of β-butadiene sulfone to a-butadiene sulfone have been evaluated. The heat of isomerization obtained in this investigation is consistent with an independent thermochemical measurement. / Master of Science

Orientador: Carlos Francisco Lessa / Dissertação (mestrado)-Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T20:16:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kornis_GeorgeEdwardMachado_M.pdf: 7547325 bytes, checksum: 6ea21e5de8938afb2ad194e295845a15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1983 / Resumo: Não informado. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Economia

M.A. (Politics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

No description available.

No description available.

This thesis is an ethnographic study of five women???s organisations in Malang, Indonesia. The contemporary significance of local women???s organisations in the lives of kampung women in Indonesia is revealed through an investigation of the relationship between the Indonesian state, local communities and women. This study sets contemporary women???s organisations in the context of their changing historical role and relationship with the state. Women???s organisations have been a part of the Indonesian political and social landscape since the early twentieth century. They played an important role in mobilising women during the struggle for independence. Under Sukarno???s policy of Guided Democracy, restrictions were placed on the political mobilising role of all organisations, including those for women. These restrictions were taken much further under Suharto???s New Order government when many were proscribed. Only state-approved and controlled organisations were accepted. The New Order era essentially undermined the credibility of women???s organisations as vehicles for promoting women???s interests, instead they were generally regarded as ???tools of the state???. Indonesianists and feminists have been especially critical of state-run women???s organisations arguing they have offered Indonesian women ???no path to female power???. This perception of state-sponsored women???s organisations has continued in the post-Suharto era even though their links to the state have changed radically. They now exist alongside a range of NGOs, religious and social women???s organisations. The crucial question that this thesis addresses is why these state-sponsored organisations continue to exist and what motivates women???s participation in these organisations? Through membership in local women???s organisations women enter into a complex relationship with the state, local society and the socio-religious and political institutions within the wider society. The membership status women enjoy provides them with opportunities to engage in a social bargain. Through this bargaining process, local women make social, religious, personal and romantic gains for themselves. The results of the social bargaining process depend largely on the particular organisation to which women belong but they remain strongly oriented towards their local kampung worlds. The thesis provides an alternative way of thinking about the complex role that women???s organisations play in Indonesian society and what function they may continue to have within Indonesia???s post-Suharto future.

No description available.

No description available.