M.S.

Reversed torsion fatigue tests were conducted on both notched and unnotched specimens of SAE 1018 steel. The tests were made on a Sonntag Universal Fatigue Testing Machine at the rate of 1800 stress cycles per minute. The notched specimens were fatigued in air of zero-five percent relative humidity and in air of 90-95 percent relative humidity. The unnotched specimens were tested in air at three relative humidity levels: 0-5 percent, 20-25 percent, and 90-95 percent. High humidity had a detrimental effect only on the fatigue life of the unnotched specimens indicating that the humidity effect is confined to the crack initiation stage of the fatigue process. The tests conducted in air of 20-25 percent relative humidity indicated that the effect of 20-25 percent humidity is just as great as the effect of 90-95 percent humidity. / M.S.

Traditional conceptions of the female role have hindered female's career aspirations. This study proposed that current expansion of this role to include career achievement would depress fertility preferences, most especially for girls aspiring to high-status male careers. That is, individual status rewards would act as reward alternatives to childbearing. Results obtained with a random sample of 147 junior-senior college women revealed that females aspiring to male careers had significantly higher career saliency and educational aspirations; and they desired extrinsic status rewards more than females aspiring to female careers. Male career aspirants more highly subscribed to achieving values and had significantly lower fertility preferences than girls not choosing careers. But fertility preferences of male and female career planners were similarly low; mixed career and non-career planners were similarly higher. Overall, the analysis indicated that career aspirations, career saliency and the desire for extrinsic rewards were each significantly related to lower fertility preferences. The desire for extrinsic rewards, however, was the only variable consistently associated with low fertility preferences when the types of career planned were considered. Moderate to substantial positive associations were found for selected family socialization variables and career aspirations. Achievement motivation, QCA, higher socio-economic status were not significantly related to career aspirations, nor was social status significantly related to fertility preferences. Being Catholic was significantly related to higher fertility preferences and lower career saliency. However, Catholics aspiring to male careers had low fertility preferences not differing significantly from those of other religions represented by this career selection. / Master of Science

The similarities between Nietzsche and Bergson can be seen in the reactions of both thinkers to Darwinism, the vitalism that both philosophers utilized to explain life's evolution, the distinction made by the two thinkers between men and great men, the developmental frame of reference applied by both men to their moral enquiries, and the impact that these positions had on their moral philosophies. The division of men into two unequal categories is paralleled by a distinction between types of morality in the thought of both philosophers, and Nietzsche's slave and master moralities prove to be similar to Bergson's closed and open types respectively. The master and open moral types are created by superior individuals and are more relevant to life, reflecting man's continuously developing potential. In the history of moral development, Nietzsche and Bergson discern moral progress, but hold that this progress is highly erratic. To explain both movement and stability in morals, Nietzsche and Bergson refer to nonlogical processes and divide them into two categories, one fostering moral change, the other inhibiting it. The major similarities between the two moral philosophers appear to exist in the structure and direction of their thought and seem to be the result of the two major interests they shared--the nature and role of both creativity and nonrational processes--and the frames of reference that both men adopted-- a vitalism that issued in elitism and the developmental perspective that this evolutionary theory entailed. / Master of Arts

Various broiler litter processing methods were evaluated. Treatments effective for litter pasteurization were dry heating at a depth of 0.63 cm for 20 min; autoclaving for 10 min. or longer; dry heating following the addition of 1 to 4 g of paraformaldehyde (PFA) per 100 g of litter at depths of 0.63 and 2.54 cm; and ethylene oxide (ETO) fumigation for 30 min. or longer. Moisture and uric acid nitrogen were lowered (P < .01) for dry heat and the PFA processes. Autoclaving and PFA addition followed by dry heating lowered (P < .01) NPN. Ammonia nitrogen was reduced (P < .01) by all pasteurizing treatments except autoclaving for 10 min. A metabolism trial was conducted with sheep. Litter pasteurized by dry heating at a depth of 0.63 cm for 20 min., dry heating at a depth of 2.54 cm after the addition of 2 g of PFA per 100 g of litter or fumigation with ETO at a depth of 15.24 cm for 60 min. supplied 50% of the nitrogen in the respective rations. Processing method had no significant effect on nitrogen utilization and apparent digestion coefficients. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen was higher (P < .05) for the dry heat than for the ETO treatment. Acetic acid and total VFA's, expressed as µ mole/ml were higher (P < .05) for the PFA than the dry heat treatment. Expressed as moles/100 moles, propionic was higher (P < .05) for the ETO than for the PFA treatment. / Master of Science

A semi-infinite, cylindrical membrane of fiber-reinforced material with the fibers oriented helically along the membrane is considered. The equations of motion are written in terms of the orthotropic material properties and are solved for the condition of indeterminancy in the second derivatives of the displacements. This produces compatibility relations, valid along characteristics in the time-space plane, and wave speed equations. Due to the fiber orientation, an extensional disturbance generates a concomitant torsional disturbance, which propagates with a slower wave speed. The solution, thus, involves two sets of superimposed characteristics. The pertinent equations are written in finite-difference form and solved numerically. Some generalization is achieved due to nondimensionalization of the equations. Results are presented for various fiber orientations using representative material properties. The relationship of the results to the isotropic case is also discussed. Finally, documentation of the computer program, developed for the numerical solution, is appended. / Master of Science

The effects of varying inlet geometry on the performance of bistable fluid amplifiers were investigated experimentally on a large scale model flip-flop operated with air. Performance curves and power jet velocity profiles were taken for straight, right angle, and layer change entries to the power nozzle of the model. As the power nozzle inlet configurations were varied, the effects of additional parameters (external operating conditions, wall roughness, setback, and other geometric variables) on the amplifier performance were studied. The results are compared with typical commercial bistable fluid amplifiers. When the flow entered the power nozzle from a right angle bend, a bias in the switching characteristics was found. For a fixed supply pressure, the left and the right control pressures differed, which caused the output to be easier to switch toward, or be biased toward, one of the output ports. The power jet velocity profiles were found to be symmetric as the inlet configurations were changed. The magnitude and direction of the biased switching performance induced by inlet geometry was found to be independent of the operating conditions and the wall roughness. The direction of the bias was shown to depend upon the nozzle length, with the direction of the bias reversing for very short power nozzles. Increasing the setback and lengthening the nozzle were both found to decrease the bias. The bias in switching performance was found to be eliminated by the use of change-of-plane entries. / Master of Science

Five mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor having auxotrophic requirement for aromatic amino acids were mapped relative to closely linked genetic markers. Based on four-point reciprocal crosses mutants were found to map in at lea.st two locations. One mutant mapped between proA and hisC while three fell between argA and hisE. Another mutant mapped between hisC and hisE; however, its position relative to argA has not been determined. Phenotypic analysis of the Aro mutants was undertaken. One mutant has a requirement for tyrosine and phenylalanine; one mutant has a requirement for all three aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine; one mutant has a requirement for aromatic amino acids and para-aminobenzoic acid; and two mutants have a requirement for aromatic amino acids, para-aminobenzoic acid, and an undetermined requirement satisfied by 5μg/ml of yeast extract. None of the mutants were able to utilize quinic acid or shikimic acid in place of the aromatic requirements; however, the wild-type strain is able to utilize shikimic acid as a sole carbon source. Mutants having a tryptophan requirement were able to utilize anthranilic acid or indole in place of tryptophan. Complementation tests based on analysis of heteroclones have shown that the five mutants affect at least three different genes. Two genes have been designated aroB and aroC; mutants in these genes did not complement aro-fl which defines aroA. / Master of Science

This thesis is a socio-military history of the 7th Infantry Regiment, Virginia Volunteers. Its soldiers came principally from Madison, Rappahanock, Culpeper, Orange, Albemarle, Greene and Giles counties. The regiment fought in the Civil War as part of Kemper’s Brigade, Pickett’s Division, Longstreet’s Corps, Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia. Through the various sources quoted in this work, the writer has traced the regiment’s history from its beginning at Camp Wigfall to its capture at Sayler's Creek. This work focuses entirely on the men and officers of the regiment. The broader issues of grand strategy and Confederate politics are little discussed in this thesis. The writer has also attempted to make the work valuable as a small research aid to later readers who might be interested in other units in Kemper’s brigade. On the battlefield and in camp, the emphasis is on the life of the Confederate in the ranks and how he coped with the war on a day-to-day basis. These Southern soldiers ultimately suffered through four years of war and crushing defeat. Yet these men never lost the spirit of dedication to their cause. They came back to a, prostrate South and re-built it--often from no substantial base. This thesis treats of the Southern soldier who fought heroicly for his homeland against an enemy that he felt was bent on destroying him. In doing so, these Southerners furnished us with an example of the finest in character and manhood that America had to offer. / Master of Arts

The present study develops the unsteady, nonlinear, two-dimensional partial differential equations for pulsatile flow in a flexible tube. The fluid is assumed to be a Newtonian, incompressible liquid similar to blood. The vessel is modeled as circular in cross section and tapering with increasing distance from the heart. The governing equations are solved numerically using a finite difference form of the Navier-Stokes equations and the Alternating Direction Implicit method. The purpose of this study is to solve a simplified version of the general equations in order to demonstrate the feasibility of solving this type of system numerically / Master of Science