Orientador: Decio Azevedo Marques de Saes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T13:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DuranGil_Aldo_M.pdf: 15685816 bytes, checksum: 091ac72e690261b78f1409ff567f47c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: Esta dissertação discute o funcionamento do Estado boliviano no período 1978-1982, tendo como objeto de análise a relação do Estado com as classes dominantes. Num primeiro momento, procura-se entender, de um lado, as razões que levaram o Estado boliviano a funcionar como um Estado burguês relativamente mais modernizado ¿ apesar de seu alto índice de atraso e dependência -; e de outro, pretende-se determinar as principais características, bem como a performance desse Estado ao longo do regime militar de Banzer (1971-1978). Em seguida, faz-se uma caracterização do Estado boliviano sob os governos efêmeros instaurados no período em questão, buscando determinar as principais contradições e crises do Estado; sendo essas últimas agravadas pelas lutas entre frações dominantes com o fim de controlar o aparelho estatal através do golpe de Estado e impor, dessa maneira, a política estatal determinada pela prática da maximização do lucro no curto prazo ¿ esse fator tornou-se um dos elementos importantes de instabilidade política do período, marcado pelos golpes e contra-golpes de Estado. A dissertação utiliza como conceito-chave o ¿conceito de Estado capitalista¿ proposto por Nicos Poulantzas em Poder Político e Classes Sociais. Tal conceito, que está imbricado com um elenco de conceitos correlatos, permite determinar, entre outros fatores, tanto o funcionamento complexo do Estado como a relação entre o aparelho estatal, as classes e frações dominantes (bloco no poder) e as classes dominadas, no período em consideração. Neste estudo, contesta-se a tese largamente difundida no âmbito acadêmico boliviano segundo a qual o Estado boliviano formado em 1952 teria entrado num processo de ¿queda gradativa¿ entre 1978 e 1982; em 1985 ele teria caído definitivamente, erguendo-se um novo Estado mais democrático e modernizado. A tese defendida nesta dissertação é a de que o Estado de 1952 não entrou em queda no período pós-78 (nem caiu em 1985). O que caiu foi o regime militar e seu correspondente Estado militar, cujo colapso foi provocado por um conjunto de fatores e contradições internas (fatores principais) e por causa das lutas das massas populares (fator determinante) / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciência Política

An 18-day balance study was designed to test the hypothesis that the use of oral contraceptive agents would change the metabolic balance of copper and zinc in young women. The subjects were divided into two treatment groups based on the use or non-use of oral contraceptive agents, The mean age was 21 years and 6 months for the non-oral contraceptive group and 21 years and 2 months for the oral contraceptive group. The mean weight was 57.2 kg for the non-oral contraceptive group and 59.7 kg for the group on oral contraceptive therapy. The study was composed of three 6-day periods. The subjects of both groups consumed identical diets for the three experimental periods. The diet contained approximately 2 mg of copper, 9 mg of zinc, 50 g of protein, 181 mg of cholesterol, and 2000 kcal per day. The first experimental period served as an adjustment period with the latter two periods serving as the balance periods. Subjects were given a multi-vitamin supplement daily. All urine and feces were collected and assayed for copper, zinc, and nitrogen. Food samples were measured for content of copper, zinc, and nitrogen. Blood samples were taken and the plasma fraction analyzed for copper, zinc, and cholesterol content. Urinary copper was measured as an organic chelate by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Copper and zinc content of the other samples were assayed in wet ashed samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Food and fecal nitrogen was assayed by Kjeldahl analysis. Urine nitrogen and creatinine was measured by standard automated techniques. No significant differences were found in the metabolic balances of copper, zinc, and nitrogen. Oral contraceptive users were found to have significantly (p<0.01) higher plasma cholesterol and copper levels, but plasma zinc concentrations were not significantly different. No difference was found in hemoglobin or hematocrit for the two groups. The urinary excretion of zinc was similar for the two groups. The excretion of copper and creatinine was significantly (p<0.01) higher for the oral contraceptive group. The urinary and fecal excretion of copper and zinc was not significantly different for the two groups. While the balance data was not different for the two groups, it is of interest that both groups maintained negative balance states on intakes similar to projected intakes for the general population. This indicated that both groups needed more copper and zinc than they received, It therefore appears that consideration should be given to a possible suboptimal nutritional state existing for copper and zinc nutrition for at least this sex-age group. / Ph. D.

"The Fine Topology" C(X,Y) where (Y,d) is a metric space is referred to, in an exercise in [14], as the topology generated by basic open neighborhoods of the form B(f,E) = {g: d(f(x),g(x)) < E(x)} where E is a positive continuous real valued function. So in the fine topology, a function g is close to f if g(x) is continuously close to f(x); whereas in the uniform topology, g(x) must be uniformly close to f(x), that is, within a constant distance of f(x). So the fine topology is an obvious refinement of the uniform topology. This topology has not been extensively studied before, and it is the purpose of this paper to see how the fine topology fits in with the lattice of other well studied topologies on C(X,Y), and to study some properties of this topology in itself. Furthermore, other results on these well studied topologies will-be examined and compared with the fine topology. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of two different teaching approaches in elementary school physical education methods classes for college level elementary education majors. The two methods which were studied were the laboratory activity method and the lecture-discussion method. The subjects involved in the study were sophomore, junior and senior elementary majors at Longwood College in Farmville, Virginia. Students enrolled in one of the two elementary school physical education methods classes during the first semester of the 1977-78 school year. / Ph. D.

The present study was concerned with the importance of chance factors that human resource agency personnel perceived to be present in their job searches. The purpose of the study was to determine the N relationship between perception of chance in finding jobs and 1) locus A of control; 2) use of job search resources; 3) job-related dimensions; and 4) demographic variables. / Ed. D.

The purpose of this study was to identify variables related to the employment of secondary occupational child care program completors in training related occupations. Research questions which the study sought to answer were: What is the present employment status of the completors? What proportion of the employed completors are in training related occupations? What proportion of the unemployed completors have been employed in a child care related job at some time since their training? What are the main reasons for non-employment in training related occupations and part-time employment? What is the relationship between employment status and the variables of marital status, number of children, perceived availability of jobs, assistance in job placement, reasons for occupational choice, opinions of quality of training, self-reported academic achievement, continuing education, salaries, and willingness to relocate. The subjects for the study were the total population of 1975-76 completors of occupational child care programs in Virginia. A questionnaire was designed for gathering data to fulfill the purpose of the study. Each of the program completors was mailed a letter which explained the purposes of the study, a questionnaire, a small pencil, and an addressed stamped return envelope. All envelopes to the subjects were hand addressed. A response rate of 68 percent was obtained from the 282 subjects who presumably received the questionnaire. The techniques used in the statistical analysis were tabulations, summarization of responses, and rank order of responses. Chi square was used to determine the probability of a relationship between variables. A significant relationship was revealed between employment status and the variables of marital status, number of children, perceived availability of jobs, self-reported academic achievement, continuing education, salaries received by employed respondents and salaries expected by unemployed respondents, and willingness to relocate. Major findings of the study were: 1) Forty-two percent of the respondents were employed; 2) 28 percent of the employed respondents were in related occupations; 3) continuing education was the reason cited most frequently for non-employment in related jobs; 4) the percent of married respondents who were employed was almost equal to the percent of single respondents who were employed; 5) 87 percent of the respondents who had children were employed or seeking employment; 6) more than half the respondents perceived that few jobs were available; 7) one-third of the respondents reported the greatest assistance received in finding a job was from their child care teacher; 8) a large majority of the respondents chose the child care program for reasons other than for gainful employment; 9) employed and unemployed respondents were positive in their opinions of the quality of their training; 10) self-reported academic achievement was generally high; 11) salaries in related occupations were not higher than salaries in unrelated occupations; 12) two-thirds of the unemployed respondents indicated a willingness to relocate in order to get a related job. / Ed. D.

A selection experiment in maize for increase in yield as described by Genter (1976. Recurrent selection for yield in the F₂ of a maize single cross. Crop Sci. 16:350-352) is simulated and the long term effects of selection intensity, recombination value, number of segregating loci, environmental variance, and gene action model on yield and approach to complete homozygosity are investigated. Selection intensities of 11% and 22%, recombination values of .2 and .05, 100 and 50 segregating loci, and environmental variances of 0 and 60 were chosen and the combinations used represent a 1/2—fraction of a 2⁴ factorial design. Each of these 8 possible situations is combined with 3 gene action models to give 24 different situations for the simulation study. The first gene action model is linear with partial dominance for all loci. For the second and third gene action models, the genotype is partitioned into subgenotypes. The second gene action model has four subgenotypes, each of which is linear with partial dominance and different size effects. Six subgenotypes are combined in the third gene action model. Four of these are linear with partial dominance and different size effects, and the remaining two subgenotypes are epistatic. In the simulation program, the genotype consists of 100 loci on 10 pairs of chromosomes, which contribute to the genotypic value according to the gene action models used. Each run begins with the F₁ hybrid of two unrelated inbred populations and continues for 30 cycles of selection or until complete homozygosity of the genotype is reached. Genotypic and phenotypic means, genotypic and phenotypic variances, and percent homozygosity are obtained for each cycle of selection. Comparison of experimental observations and simulated values averaged over all runs for the first four cycles of selection indicate the simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental values. Regression analyses of percent homozygosity, genotypic value, phenotypic value (yield), and heritability in the broad sense using cycle of selection as the independent variable are performed. In addition, the effects and 2-factor interactions of selection intensity, recombination value, number of segregating loci, environmental variance, and gene action model on approach to complete homozygosity and increase in yield are investigated using analysis of variance for cycles 5, 10, 15, 20, and the last cycle of selection. A recurrence formula for average coefficient of inbreeding is developed for this selection scheme. Also, for each gene action model explicit expressions for partitioning the genotypic variance into additive, dominance, and all epistatic components are given and evaluated for the F₂ generation. Consequences of selection on general combining abilities are being investigated. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this dissertation is to formulate a quantitative model which can be used in two areas: (1) manpower planning, and (2) human resource valuation. The techniques used are based on an absorbing Markov model. A conceptual model is developed for any firm that has employees who normally move from one position to another within the firm. The conceptual model is applied to a large Certified Public Accounting (CPA) firm. Some of the data used in the application were supplied by an actual firm. These data were used to develop a transition matrix for the firm. The transient states of the matrix correspond to the employment positions within the firm, i.e., staff, manager, and partner. The absorbing states of the matrix were for employees leaving the firm (1) before becoming a partner, or (2) after becoming a partner. The elements of the transition matrix are the probabilities of employees making certain movements (staff to staff, staff to manager, etc.) during each one-year transition period. These probabilities are based on historic data and must pass a stability test (Chi square) in order to be statistically valid. The original transition matrix covered a ten year time period (February 1, 1967 to January 31, 1977). However, the transition probabilities for staff and managers were found to be unstable according to the Chi square test. A matrix covering the nine year period from February 1, 1968 to January 31, 1977 was tested with the same results. After further tests, a transition matrix for the five-year period from February 1, 1972 to January 31, 1977, was found to be stable. This became the model transition matrix. The transition matrix should also be tested for the Markov property, i. e., are the transition probabilities affected by the employee's time in grade at his present position? This test was only simulated for the CPA firm because the data needed for the test were not available. After the tests, the model was extended into manpower planning and human resource valuation. Examples of model output that can be helpful for manpower planning include predicted numbers of employees at each level,during future transition periods t probabilities of employees rising to each level within the firm, steady-state information on manpower supply, and average employee tenure with the firm. For human resource valuation, the model is the basis for three methods for charging cost; based valuations against income. The first method is an amortization technique based on an employee's average tenure with the firm. The second method amortizes human resource costs over a period equal to average tenure plus three standard deviations. / Ph. D.

Ten male adolescent and young adult swimmers were examined to determine the effects of two breathing patterns on selected physiological parameters during a simulated 200-yard freestyle swim. Specifically, a comparison of oxygen uptake, blood lactic acid, ventilation and the respiratory exchange ratio responses to a timed swim were made under two experimental breathing conditions. The intensity of the experimental trials was maintained at approximately 95% of the subjects' maximal workload to induce maximal effort. The validity of capillary blood samples for the use of micro-determination of blood lactic acid was established prior to the preliminary and experimental trials. Maximal physiological parameters for each subject were then obtained during the Preliminary Test using a maximal intermittent tethered swimming test. The experimental phase of the study consisted of four 110 sec swims designed to simulate competitive 200-yard freestyle swimming. Two swims were conducted under Condition 1, wherein the subject swam breathing once every arm cycle. The remaining two swims were under Condition 2, wherein the subject swam breathing every alternate arm cycle. Using Pearson product-moment correlation to determine within condition reliability for each dependent variable, it was found that oxygen uptake, blood lactic acid and ventilation were reliable. Under Condition 1, the respiratory exchange ratio was also found to be reliable, however, under Condition 2, the reliability coefficient was considered unacceptable. Therefore, the respiratory exchange ratio was excluded from further analyses. Hotelling's T² was employed on the linear combination of oxygen uptake, ventilation, and blood lactic acid between conditions. This analysis indicated a significant difference (p<.05) between conditions. Simultaneous confidence intervals indicated that oxygen uptake, blood lactic acid, and ventilation were the variables causing the difference. Simple linear and stepwise regression were employed to determine the extent to which the dependent variables contributed to the V̇O₂ (ml/kg·min⁻¹) in each experimental condition. Under Condition 1, the respiratory exchange ratio was found to be closely associated with the V̇O₂ in that condition. Under Condition 2, ventilation was found to be most closely associated with the lower V̇O₂ observed in this condition. It was deemed important to determine the extent to which changes between conditions in the dependent variables contributed to changes in the V̇O₂ (ml/kg·min⁻¹) between conditions. It was found that the changes in ventilation contributed only a small portion to the changes in V̇O₂ between conditions, which indicated that something other than the dependent variables was associated with the changes in V̇O₂ between conditions. During training and performance, the evidence suggests that under a given workload, greater metabolic capacity was required when breathing every stroke. In addition, higher intensities of work could be tolerated when breathing was done only during alternate strokes. / Ed. D.

Electron microprobe analyses of 37 axinites substantiate the conclusions of Sanero and Gottardi (1968) as to the substitutional solid solution between octahedrally coordinated divalent cations Ca, Fe, and Mn. The analyses also suggest the substitution of Fe³⁺ for Al in the AlO₅(OH) octahedra for six axinites and the substitution of Al for Si in tetrahedral coordination for one specimen. The chemistry of the axinite group is best described by a new structural formula: [(Mn, Fe²⁺, Mg, Zn)(Ca_2-xMn_x)(Al_2-yFe_y³⁺)]₂^VI(OH)₂[(B₂Si₈_zAl_z)^IVO₃₀], where x < 1, y << 1, and z << 1. Pronounced layering approximately parallel to (lll), bands of B₂Si₈O₃₀ groups parallel to [011], and four types of octahedral chains influence indicatrix orientation, external morphology, and cleavage. Due to their proximity to octahedral chains, the b and c cell edges have high correlations with <r>, the mean radius of octahedral cations. Density and mean refractive index are shown to be highly correlated with the amount of transition metal oxides present for all axinites and 2Vα is highly correlated with Mg content for the non-zincian 2Ca-axinites. Reasonable estimates of composition can be obtained for the non-zincian 2Ca-axinites by using the following equations for the mole fraction of Mg, Fe, and Mn: Mg = -14.333 <R.I.>+ 0.012(2Vα) + 23.487 Fe= 71.937 <R.I.> - 11.810(p_obs) - 81.890 Mn = -42.903 <R.I.> + 12.523(p_obs) + 31.473. / Master of Science