Cet article trace la biographie du journaliste Harry Bernard (1898-1979). A partir du dépouillement de sa volumineuse corespondance, déposée à la Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, et des nombreux articles qu'il publia au cours de sa carrière au Droit et au Courrier de Saint-Hyacinthe, le portrait esquissé dévoile un itinéraire professionnel complexe où se justaposent des écrits de toutes sortes. Sa biographie constitue une contribution originale à l'étude de l'évolution des idées au Canada français entre 1920 et 1960. Aujourd'hui totalement oublié - sauf de quelques historiens littéraires -, Harry Bernard reste toutefois un important érudit et homme de lettres de son époque.

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Talcott Parsons, generally acclaimed to be one of the paramount sociological theorists at present, frequently asserts that he is seeking to develop an abstract scientific theory of social phenomena. There is, however, a corpus of notions, principles, and stratagems regarding scientific theory called the hypothetico-deductive approach. It is generally recognized as perhaps the most logically tenable and empirically revealing approach as regards the formulation of significant statements about the world. The problem, therefore, in this study centers on the question: How do Talcott Parsons' conception of the Mature and functions of scientific theory (his metatheory) and the basic structure of his substantive theory stand if they are compared with the various aspects of a hypothetico-deductive approach. To accomplish this, several lines of attack are initially pursued. Parsons' early intellectual influences and contacts are roughly traced out in an attempt to illumine the connections between Parsons and certain theorists who imparted a definite direction to Parsons' theoretical thinking. It is discovered that, the influences on Parsons were wide, diverse and, on the whole of a European speculative approach toward social theory. A discussion of the nature and functions of scientific theory and explanation in terms of a hypothetico-deductive approach is, then, carried out. Following this, an extensive elaboration and criticism of Parsons' conception of scientific theory, as revealed in a number of published essays and volumes, particularly The Structure of Social Action, is undertaken. It is found that many of Parsons' views, in this respect, are vague and logically untenable, with an extraordinary emphasis on concept development rather than the formulation of general statements (or laws) which form the heart of all scientific theory. An examination of the basic structure of Parsons' substantive theory reveals that it is structurally modelled in the light of what he conceives scientific theory to be and, consequently, is found to be decidedly lacking in a logical sense, thereby impairing its empirical applicability. It is concluded that Parsons' conception of scientific theory is inadequate and that his substantive theory is not theory if viewed from a hypothetico-deductive perspective. It is suggested, moreover, that Parsons has provided orientations in his substantive work rather than theory. / Arts, Faculty of / Sociology, Department of / Graduate

The three-dimensional viscous hypersonic flowfield over blunted cones at large angles of attack, including crossflow separation, has been solved using both viscous shock-layer (VSL3D) and parabolized Navier-Stokes equations (PNS). The viscous shock-layer equations have been used for the solution of windward region up to the crossflow separation point and the parabolized Navier-Stokes equations have been used to complete the solution in the crossflow separated region. A fast implicit iterative technique known as the Pseudo Elimination Method (PEM) has been used to solve the PNS equations, and the computing time has been reduced by 35 percent. A computer code (VSLPNS) has been developed using this technique, and calculations were made for two test cases, which typically encompass reentry flow conditions. Case 1 considered low Mach number (10) and high Reynolds number (2 x 10⁶/foot) at moderate angle of attack (10 deg.). Case 2 considered high Mach number (25) and low Reynolds number (7,256/foot) at large angle of attack (35 deg.). The results have been compared with a complete PNS solution, and for Case 1, the aerodynamic coefficients have been compared with available experimental data. The comparisons indicate good agreement for wall pressure, both longitudinal and crossflow skin-friction coefficients and aerodynamic coefficients. The computing times required indicate that the present code obtains complete flowfield solutions in the shortest possible time thus making it (VSLPNS) an ideal tool for design analysis of lifting reentry vehicles. / Ph. D.

The problem of this study was to examine and describe some of the courses of action available to legislators and educators as they attempt to face the problem of declining enrollments. Although the study was not designed to provide specific answers to the most common questions, it was intended to provide focus on the central issues and their attendant implications. Specifically, the study was designed to determine the state-level policy implications of declining enrollments in Virginia. The design of the research was concerned with five major segments of methodology. These segments included: (1) establishing the scope and magnitude of the decline, (2) selecting the tentative associated policy issues, (3) selecting the respondents, (4) conducting the fieldwork, and (5) the analysis of the findings. Survey instruments were provided to certain members of the State Board of Education, selected individuals within the State Department of Education and 28 school divisions within the state that had experienced significant decreases in pupil population during the time period covered by the study. Individuals were selected to respond based on their knowledge, interest and/or involvement with the problem of declining enrollment. In addition, there were over 30 follow-up interviews with state and local personnel. Analysis of the data was made by simple tally, by recording comments as received and by probing and recording insights into the problems as revealed by administrators. There was no attempt to quantify or otherwise manipulate the data from the interviews as these tended to be repetitive and self-reinforcing concerning the issues. The major conclusions of the study were: 1. To compensate for the decline in numbers of clients for regular programs, new and expanded have been added requiring major shifts in personnel. 2. Increased funding for public education will be required to compensate for inflation and the higher costs associated with special programs. 3. Mandated new and expanded programs may require significant additional expenditures both in program and in capital outlay funds. Some of the recommendations based on the findings of the study were: 1. A diverse committee of educators and/or planners should be appointed by the State Board of Education to review current enrollments, current program mandates, and future trends in growth and trends. 2. The State funding formula should be viewed in light of the unique problems created by declining enrollments. 3. The State Board of Education should seriously consider establishing a long-range planning and policy analysis department. 4. Either the General Assembly or the State Board of Education should provide adequate and alternate cost analyses of new and expanded programs as they are mandated. This information should be determined for all partners in the financing of education. / Ed. D.

The proximate composition has been determined and information on the carbohydrates and fatty acid composition has been obtained for the mature seeds of five varieties of winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. The proteins of one of these varieties have been fractionated and partially characterized. The results confirm that winged beans have a high protein and fat content, which is similar to soybeans. The mean protein content of the five varieties analyzed was 40.12%; the mean fat content was 16.94%. The endosperm in TPT-2 bean was found to constitute about 84% of the dry weight of the seeds, the hulls about 16%. Whole beans contain about 17% “dietary fiber", mostly (72%) in the hulls. Similar to soybeans, starch could not be detected in the mature beans and the soluble sugars (9.7 to 13.8%) consisted almost entirely of verbascose (0.2 to 0.9%), stachyose (2.2 to 3.6%), raffinose (1.1 to 2.0%) and sucrose (5.6 to 8.2%). The fatty acid composition of winged beans was also similar to soybeans, with a high degree of unsaturation (mean, 62.0%). The major unsaturated fatty acids were oleic and linoleic. Behenic and stearic acids were the major saturated fatty acids. Parinaric acid was not present in the five varieties of winged beans analyzed, although the presence of this toxic acid in winged beans had been reported earlier. The solubility of protein nitrogen was found to be a function of pH and salt concentration. The nitrogen solubility in water was lowest (17.6%) at pH 4.0 (the apparent isoelectric point). The maximum solubility in water at neutrality (pH 6.70) was about 60.4%. Solutions of Na₃PO₄ (0.5%, pH 11.0) extracted the most protein (86.0%), compared to 70% in 0.75-1.0 M NaCl (pH 6.95), 69% in 0.25 M Na₂SO₄ (pH 7.20) and 66% in 0.20-0.30 M Na₂HPO₄ (pH 9.20). This study also describes the preparation of protein concentrates (extracts), isolates (acid precipitates) and “wheys” from defatted bean flour. The amino acid composition of the concentrates, isolates, and “wheys” obtained from water, NaCl and Na₃PO₄ extraction were similar to the defatted bean flours, except that the precipitate from NaCl extraction contained a high amount of methionine. Lysine was higher than that found in soybeans with cystine and methionine as the limiting amino acids. Fractionation of the extracts on Biogel A-1.5M gave three to four fractions, two high molecular weight fraction components and one or two low molecular weight fractions. The acid precipitated protein from the water extract yielded two fractions of higher molecular weight proteins and a fraction of lower molecular weight. The “whey” from the water extract yielded two fractions, both of relatively low molecular weight proteins. The fractions from gel filtration, the original extracts, the acid precipitate and “whey” were all analyzed via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Na₃PO₄ extract was apparently highly aggregated as indicated by non-migration of the proteins. The NaCl and water extracts appeared to be similar with regard to complexity and molecular size. These extracts also showed evidence of aggregation. The acid precipitates were also highly aggregated especially that of the NaCl extract which did not migrate at all. The wheys were all well resolved. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the winged bean proteins indicated the presence of well-resolved proteins and/or subunits. SDS-PAGE patterns did not show any aggregation. The high molecular weight fractions appeared to consist of proteins with a molecular weight of about 74,000 while the low molecular weight fractions consisted of proteins with molecular weights of about 20,000. / Ph. D.

A liquid household dye and two fabrics, a cotton drill and a crease resistant cotton muslin, were used to pursue the following objectives: (1) to develop a dyeing procedure for improving the colorfastness of a household dye; (2) to evaluate the effects of temperature, time, and pH (hydrogen ion concentration) of the dyebath on the colorfastness properties of the household dye selected; (3) to evaluate the effects of after treatments of acetic acid and copper sulfate; and (4) to evaluate the dyed samples for colorfastness to light, washing, and crocking. Dye results were evaluated by the use of the Gray Scale for Color Change and the AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale. Colorfastness ratings were statistically analyzed. Major findings of the research included the following: 1. The cotton drill fabric had higher colorfastness ratings for lightfastness, washfastness, and dry crocking than did the crease resistant cotton muslin. For wet crocking, both fabrics had considerable color transference. 2. A dyebath temperature of 210°F produced significantly higher ratings for lightfastness and washfastness in both fabrics tested. 3. The aftertreatment of 1% copper sulfate solution resulted in significantly higher lightfastness ratings for both fabrics tested. 4. There was no significant difference in the dyeing times of 10 minutes and 30 minutes, although the time of 30 minutes produced slightly higher ratings. / Master of Science

M. S.

M. S.

The fraction of the total labor force which is unionized has remained fairly stable, at about 25 percent, for the past quarter century, while unionization in the public sector has increased rapidly over the last 15 years. One example of this growth has been the trend in unionization of college faculty. This particular group presents an interesting opportunity to study unionization, in that there are both private and public institutions of higher education; and there is a definite pattern of unionization in the public institutions, while few private institutions are unionized. Such differences allow for comparisons which help to identify the causes of unionization. Unionization has been studied by economists and sociologists. Economists tend to emphasize aggregate analysis and relate unionization to environmental factors, such as the inflation rate and unemployment rate. Sociologists tend to relate prior socialization and attitudes to unionization. This dissertation applies the economic approach to human behavior to individual choice in the context of voting for or against unionization. That is, the benefits and costs of unionization are assumed to be the relevant factors in the choice calculus of voting faculty. The primary source of benefits and costs come from the competitive market environment, which exists in the absence of a union, and the cartel power of a union. Because of the cartel power of a union, job satisfaction factors (compensation, working conditions, and job security) can be offered to faculty, provided they give up the conditions of the competitive market. That is, collective choice will replace individual choice under unionization. The power of a cartel of labor and the efficiency of labor markets vary among institutions of higher education, and these differences are shown to be consistent with the pattern of unionization of college faculty. These differences can be said to reveal the causes of unionization of college faculty. / Ph. D.