A tank test technique was developed to evaluate the resistance of one-year-old stems of 111 Malus rootstock cultivars and hybrids to pine vole damage. The tank fest proved to be an excellent method for: testing several clones at one time; providing the animals with more of a natural environment; exposing all animals to each stem in the test; and using small quantities of wood per experiment. Robusta 5 and PI 286613 when crossed with cultivars possessing other horticulturally desirable characteristics, produced several progeny containing varying degrees of vole resistance. Some other cultivars displaying high resistance to pine vole damage were: Fusca (M. fusca (Raf.) Schneider); M. sieboldii Rehd. cv. zumi·calocarpa; M. X sublobata (Cipp.) Rehd. PI 286613; NY 11928 (M. pumila niedzwetzkiana x M. atrosanguinea (Spaeth) Schneider) ; and Vilmorin (M.yunnanensis (Franch) Schneider). / Master of Science

Within the overthrust belt of southwest Virginia, windows in the Pulaski thrust sheet expose a variety of parautochthonous and allochthonous rocks, ranging in age from Cambrian to Mississippian. The décollement of the Pulaski fault as exposed in the Price Mountain and East Radford windows is in places a thick, highly complex, deformation zone. In this zone, a suite of carbonate breccias, cataclastic quartzitic rocks and deformed shales occur. The rocks of the décollement comprise a thrust chaos and tectonic mélange. Mélange and chaos fabrics are typified by folding, faulting and cataclasis. The East Radford window exposes a complexly folded and faulted antiform consisting of a telescoped, inverted stratigraphic section of Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian rocks. The antiformal structure is entirely allochthonous with minimum horizontal displacement of several kilometers. Deformation of the parautochthonous Mississippian rocks below the Pulaski décollement in the Price Mountain window includes thrust and normal faults, folds of at least 3 orders and cataclasis. / Master of Science

Rocks, situated in a stream riffle, can.be interpreted as islands. A sampling of macroinvertebrate communities found on a series of rocks 31 to 1000 cm² in surface area, produced a Log species- Log area curve with a slope of 0.352. This slope could not be compared to Preston’s prediction of a slope value of 0.17 or 0.27 because individuals in invertebrate communities on rocks are not lognormally distributed nor are densities of individuals (per cm²) constant with area. The physical topography of the rock surface affected species numbers. Rocks with a complex surface (havin crevices, smooth areas, pores, etc.) surfaces; Log species- Log area curves were steeper for a series of simple rock communities. Most taxa were not restricted to specific rock sizes or complexities, though both factors did affect population sizes. The dynamics of stream rock invertebrate community formation was examined as were the effects of area and complexity on formation. Larger and more complex substrates had higher colonization, immigration, invasion, and replacement rates during the first 30 days of colonization than smaller substrates. Extinction rate was independent of substrate area (assuming constant turnover). A simulation of colonization, using random immigration and extinction, produced a colonization curve that was very similar to the actual colonization curve, though relative abundances of most taxa were altered. It was hypothesized that stream invertebrates communities are a product of random immigration and of a combination of random and deterministic extinction. Methods for monitoring the activities of individuals are needed to estimate turnover; only by assessing turnover can the importance of extinction be determined. / Master of Science

Petroleum reserves are forecast to dwindle during the next century. The imminent shortage of chemicals derived from fossil fuels has given an impetus to research on utilization of renewable resources throuqh microbial treatment. This work looks at the concept of lignin bioprocessing from the vantage point of a biochemical engineer. Coriolus versicolor, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Sporotrichum pulverulentum, which being white-rot fungi are traditional lignin degraders, were found to be much less efficient in lignin metabolism than Aspergillus fumigatus, a soft-rot fungus isolated in our laboratory. Lignin fermentations with white-rot fungi failed to show any net accumulation of low molecular weight products derived from lignin. Genetic manipulation is necessary to contrive the accumulation of desired intermediates during lignin fermentations. Though recalcitrant carbohydrates and low initial glucose concentrations supported higher lignolytic activities than easily metabolized carbohydrates and high initial glucose concentrations, respectively, glucose catabolite repression was not evident during lignin metabolism by C. versicolor. It was surmised that the effect of carbohydrates on lignin metabolism may depend on the history of the organism. Through the concretion of above observations and the absolute requirement for carbohydrates during lignin metabolism, the existence of upper and lower critical glucose concentrations in lignin metabolism was postulated. Lignin metabolism relative to carbohydrate metabolism was studied by monitoring the ratio of lignin derived CO₂/total CO₂ during A. fumigatus and C. versicolor fermentations. The variability of the above ratio during lignin fennentations suggested that lignin metabolism may not be stoichiometrically linked with carbohydrate metabolism. The rate of ¹⁴CO₂ evolution from ¹⁴C-labeled kraft lignin and the ratio of lignin derived CO₂/total CO₂ during A. fumigatus fermentation were concordant and each showed a maximum with respect to time. Two new parameters, lignolytic efficiency and normalized lignolytic efficiency, were defined to evaluate the performance of large-scale lignin fermentations. During a deep-tank fermentation with A. fumigatus, lignolytic efficiency correlated well with biomass whereas normalized lignolytic efficiency decreased continually. Analyses of degraded lignins divulged that A. fumigatus brought about corporeal changes in the lignin macromolecule whereas C. versicolor was responsible for only cursory changes. Data obtained from degraded lignins such as OCH₃ loss, OH loss and yield of monomers and dimers upon permanganate oxidation were consonant with ¹⁴CO₂ evolution data from ¹⁴C-labeled lignin. The effect of nitrogen concentration and C/N ratio on lignin metabolism by A. fumigatus could not be adequately studied since the organism lost its once prodigious lignolytic capacity. C. versicolor fermentations were grossly insensitive to variations in nitrogen concentration and C/N ratio. A kinetic model was developed on the premise that cell-lignin contact is imperative for lignin metabolism. The model is, in general, concordant with real observations. Though particular mixed and successive fermentations with Poria placenta and C. versicolor were not successful, the idea of such fermentations involving brown-rot, whiterot and other lignin-degrading fungi is worth investigating. / Ph. D.

The analysis developed attempts to present a preliminary exploration for the development of an economic theory of political systems. Using the tools of economic theory, it tries to discover the expected differences among political systems, as well as to identify some of the necessary conditions for the emergence of a particular kind of political system. The study is restricted to the particular cases of representative democracy and dictatorship. It is assumed that any society consists of three rational behaving groups of individuals: citizens, politicians and bureaucrats. Each is assumed to have a separate preference function, as well as different constraints for utility maximization. The question then is: how do political institutions constrain individual choices, and how does the set of political constraints vary with political systems. To answer these questions some relevant constraints are identified and their variations with political systems analyzed. The identified constraints are: (a) the political constitutions, (b) the size of the dominant coalition, (c) the probability of overthrow from power and the degrees of freedom available to the head of government for implementing policies that his supporting coalition does not desire, (d) the flows of information, (e) the market behavior of the citizens, (f) the costs of migration for the individuals, and (g) the behavior of the bureaucracy. The theory developed in this study presents a coherent picture of the overall fiscal performance of political systems. It finds out that all the relevant forces considered reinforce the inference that, other things being equal, democracies should be expected to exhibit larger public sector shares in national income than dictatorships. Second, it reaches the conclusion that dictatorial regimes will tend to be more inefficient, from a productivity point of view, than democracies. These two hypotheses are considered in the Appendix, but no attempt is made to test them formally on the basis of the empirical evidence presented therein. Rather, a preliminary survey is provided of some of the data and the consistency of the results is checked against the theory. The formal empirical testing of the theory is left to subsequent research. / Ph. D.

The town of Blacksburg, Virginia is planning the construction of a new Community Recreation Center. The proposed facility will be located adjacent to the existing Municipal Park, and the site will be called the Blacksburg Commons. The recreation building will serve as the vehicle for an investigation into the basis of architecture and the design process. This thesis is a documentation of that investigation. / M. Arch.

M.A. (History) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Orientador: João Manuel Cardoso de Mello / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-13T23:42:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Quadros_WaldirJosede_D.pdf: 7602795 bytes, checksum: 37afacacf9a61f5bef7fe1dc109178be (MD5) Previous issue date: 1991 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

Orientador: Modesto Carone Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / O exemplar 2 do IEL possui paginação diferente (174f.) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T00:48:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franco_RenatoBueno_M.pdf: 4731482 bytes, checksum: 53aa37f9cc8e50be380b835b20133e8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1992 / Não tem resumo na obra impressa Resumo base IEL: A cultura elaborada durante os anos 70 não apresenta um caráter homogêneo e tampouco uma única característica efetivamente dominante. Ela viveu com os nervos tensos e experimentou muitos caminhos, alguns verdadeiramente surpreendentes. Entretanto, apesar dessa complexidade constituída pela pluralidade de tendências que a irrigaram, é possível - não contudo sem alguma dose de exagero ou arbitrariedade - dividi-la em (ao menos) dois momentos distintos. Ao primeiro deles, que começa em 1969 e se estende até 1974 (e coincide com os anos mais truculentos da ditadura militar) chamaremos de "Cultura da Derrota". Ao segundo, que coincide com a política "de abertura" (e vai de 1975 a 1980) chamaremos de "Época de Resistência". Estudar a produção cultural - ou melhor - a atividade literária dessa década não é, dada sua natureza complexa, tarefa fácil. Esse período é, desde 1964, decisivo para a moderna configuração política do País e ele certamente propõe à literatura um elenco considerável de problemas temáticos e estéticos bastante original. / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Letras

Orientador: Ferdinando de Oliveira Figueiredo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-16T04:58:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_FabioVillaresde_M.pdf: 2853522 bytes, checksum: 8e3f052194232045dac445e1e258220a (MD5) Previous issue date: 1985 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Economia