No description available.

Tine policy of nonalignment has been an active force in international relations for over twenty years. It found acceptance among a wide range of nations with differing political and ideological outlooks. However, they did share an aversion to big power politics and a desire to be more tnan a mere pawn in the struggle for "influence" by the super powers. The majority of these countries were of the so called Third World, that vast area encompassing Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Despite a wide divergence in history and culture, they share one dominant characteristic in the present era; that is, a depressing level of poverty and economic underdevelopment.

Alewives in Claytor Lake matured at age I at 160 mm TL. Fecundity of gravid females increased with age and length, ranging from 17,307 eggs at age I to 37,147 eggs at age III. The majority of alewife spawning was concentrated in littoral areas of a large embayment. Spawning period was protracted (13 weeks), beginning in May and lasting until August. Females apparently did not extrude eggs at one time, but spawned repeatedly. Growth rates of young-of-the-year alewives were higher in 1978 than in 1979, possibly due to reduced intraspecific competition for food and space following an alewife die-off in winter 1977-1978. Rapid growth of young-of-the-year alewives allowed the earliest spawned cohorts to become morphologically unavailable as prey to age 0 and age I sportfish by mid-July. However, the extended alewife spawning season mitigated availability of alewives by assuring, through subsequently spawned cohorts, that they remain available as prey through the growing season. Cyclopoid copepods were the principal food item in diets of alewives 6 to 35 mm TL. Bosmina longirostris dominated diets of alewives 36 to 70 mm TL. Size-selective planktivority of larval alewives was equivalent to that of adults at sizes as small as 31 mm TL, and may have significantly contributed to observed changes of zooplankton communities toward smaller forms. Concentrations of young-of-the-year alewives in littoral areas may exert a negative impact on age 0 sportfish which depend on littoral zooplankton populations as a food source. / M.S.

Foraging habitats and foraging behavior for seven species of Tyrannid flycatchers were measured to examine interspecific habitat resource partitioning, niche breadth and niche overlap. Four of the species inhabited forested areas; Great Crested Flycatcher, Eastern Wood Pewee, Least Flycatcher and Acadian Flycatcher. Two species, the Eastern Kingbird and Willow Flycatcher, were found in open habitats and one species, the Eastern Phoebe, was found in both open and woodland habitats. Among forest species of flycatchers and open habitat species there was considerable similarity in vegetational characteristics of the foraging habitat. Contrary to previously published studies, these similarities contributed to a high degree of resource overlap among syntopic species of forest flycatchers. A similar degree of overlap was also observed among the open habitat species. Much of the resource overlap among species was attributable to the large resource (habitat) breadth of the Willow Flycatcher and Eastern Wood Pewee. Overlap in foraging habitat among the species was reduced by their using other means of resource partitioning within habitats. Most notably, vertical stratification effectively separated most forest species. The use of different foraging substrates and different foraging tactics (sortie flight distance and methods of insect capture) were also important means of partitioning the food resource. Data were analyzed to test a previously published hypothesis which indicated that the foraging ecology of a smaller flycatcher species was affected by the presence of a larger syntopic competitor. To test this hypothesis, the Willow Flycatcher and Eastern Wood Pewee were selected because they had large resource breadths (ecologically plastic) and because sampling for both species included habitats which were syntopic and nonsyntopic with their respective competitors, the Eastern Kingbird and Great Crested Flycatcher. Both smaller species displayed a reduction in resource breadth in areas of syntopy. Therefore, these data tend to support the published hypothesis and indicate habitat accommodation on the part of the smaller species, in the presence of a larger competitor. / Ph. D.

A multichannel FM telemetry system was employed to measure the dynamic response of compressor rotor blade surface pressure profiles to changes in upstream conditions. Data taken while the experimental compressor was operating with a distortion screen upstream of the rotor was utilized to develop a transfer function to describe the dynamic response of the rotor blade row. The transfer function was developed by considering the dynamic total pressure loss distribution around the rotor to be a response function driven by a quasi-steady total pressure loss distribution as a forcing function. Fourier transforms of both the dynamic and the quasi-steady distributions were calculated. The quotient obtained by dividing the Fourier transform of the response function by the Fourier transform of the forcing function was the desired transfer function. This experimentally-determined transfer function was then used in a new semi-actuator disc model to predict the dynamic response of the experimental compressor. The basis of the model is a mathematical representation of the flow fields upstream and downstream of a compressor rotor. The compressor rotor is represented in the model by a semi-actuator disc. The results of the investigation show that the physical mechanisms which control the onset and propagation velocity of a rotating stall in a single-stage compressor can be modeled with the use of a transfer function in a semi-actuator disc model of the compressor. The transfer function represents the dynamic characteristics of the compressor rotor row as an amplitude ratio and a phase shift of the Fourier frequency components of the total pressure loss distribution. This transfer function representation of the dynamic characteristics of the blade row provides important advantages over previous techniques. / Ph. D.

This study investigated the potential role of differential processing of internals and externals when making an attribution of responsibility about another for an automobile accident. Of the total subjects (96) half were defined as internals and the other half as externals. All subjects read an account of the accident with half the subjects reading a version that had relevant pause units (environmental and personal) underlined with spaces provided for these subjects to make importance ratings about the underlined units. All subjects filled out a questionnaire designed to assess attribution of responsibility and were required to recall the account. Results showed that the attempt to replicate previous research (Sosis, 1974) was not successful. This outcome severely limited any conclusions that could be made about the results from the underlining condition, which indicated no differences between internals and externals in terms of mean weightings for personal and environmental pause units. Also there were no observed differences between internals and externals for recall of personal and environmental units recalled to total units recalled, with the exception that externals recalled significantly more units than internals when recall followed the questionnaire. This difference was primarily due to the number of nonrelevant units recalled. Externals recalled significantly more nonrelevant units than internals when recall followed the questionnaire. Further attempts (Experiments I and II) to replicate the effect reported by Sosis were unsuccessful. Three possible explanations for not replicating the effect were advanced which included problems with (1) methodology, (2) the account of the accident, and (3) the sample of externals used. / Master of Science

Single crystal X-ray intensity data were collected for four compositionally-intermediate olivine and humanities and their crystal structures were refined by full-matrix, least-squares techniques to investigate cation ordering. Forsterite from Langban, Sweden [(Mg₀.₅₁₉Mn₀.₄₈₂Ca₀.₀₀₃Fe₀.₀₀₁)₂SiO₄, Pbnm, a = 4.94(2) b = 10.419(4), c = 6.123(2)A] was refined to R=0.029 (R_W=0.028) using 731 unique structures factors with F_obs > ^2σFobs. The mean Si-O distance is 1.637A. Site refinements yielded Mg/(Mg+Mn) ratios of 0.92 in the M(2)0₆ octahedron (<M-0> = 2.209A) and a distribution coefficient (K_D) of 0.011. Tephroite from Madagascar [(Mn₀.₈₉₀Mg₀.₀₉₀Fe₀.₀₁₃Ca₀.₀₀₇)₂SiO₄, Pbnm, a = 4.879(2) b = 10.419(4), c = 6.234(2)A] was refined to R = 0.038 (R_W=0.049) using 773 structure factors. The mean si-0 distance is 1.640A. Site refinement yielding Mg/(Mg+Mn) ratios of 0.17 in the M(1)0₆ octahedron (<M-0> = 2.185A) and 0.00 in the M(2)0₆ octahedron (<M-0> = 2.227A) and a K_D of 0.00. Alleghanyite from the Sterling Mine, Ogdensburg, New Jersey [(Mn₀.₅₆₈Mg₀.₃₉₀Zn₀.₀₃₇Ca₀.₀₀₁)₅(F,OH)₂, P2₁/b, a = 4.815(2), b=10.574(3), c=9.083(3)A, α=108.74(2)°] was refined to R = 0.048 (R_W=0.053) using 1873 structures. The mean Si-0 distance is 1.629A. Site refinement with Zn assigned to M93) yielded Mg/(Mg+Mn) ratios of 0.14 in the M(1)0₆ octahedron (<M-0> = 2.212A). The M(3)0₄(F,0H)₂ site (<M-0> = 2.118A) is occupied by the 0.81 Mg, 0.10 Mn and 0.09 Zn atoms. Manganhumite from Langban, Sweden [(Mn₀.₆₈Mg₀.₃₀Fe₀.₀₁Ca₀.₀₁)₇ (Si0₄)₃(OH)₂, Pbnm, a = 4.815(1), b = 10.580(2), c=21.448(5)A] was refined to R = 0.051 (R_W = 0.081) using 1562 structures factors. Mean Si-0 distances for the isolated tetrahedra are <Si(1)-0> = 1.62A and <Si(2)-0> = 1.632A. Site refinement yielded Mg/(Mg+Mn) ratios of 0.30 in the M(1)0₆ octahedron (<M-0> = 2.222 and 2.206A), and 0.75 in the M(3)0₄ (OH)₂ octahedron (<M-0> = 2.117A). Mean octahedral bond distances are positive linear functions of effective ionic radii calculated from the refined site occupancies and f, one-half the number of fluorine atoms per formula unit times the number to monovalent ligands associated with the octahedron. <M(1)-0> = 1.445 + 0.9172 <r_M(1)> <M(2)-(O,OH,F)> = 1.541 + 0.8185 <r_M(2)> - 0.01649 f <M(3)-(O,OH,F)> = 1.502 + 0.8386 <r_M(3)> - 0.02122 f Magnesium, manganese and other cations are ordered on the octahedral sites according to size criteria, although ligancy may be the controlling factor where charge balance and crystal-field effects are involved. Characterization of a suite of naturally-equilibrated Mg-Mn olivines, from Langban, Sweden by electron probe microanalysis, X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy and comparison with data in the literature for synthetic specimens demonstrate those unit cell parameters and infrared band positions are nonlinear functions of composition for ordered samples and that nonlinearity increases with the degree of order but that calculated specific gravity is a linear function of composition. / Ph. D.

No description available.

Thèse--Lettres--Paris I, 1980. / Résumé en persan. Bibliogr. t. 2, p. 253-278. Index.

This study is motivated by the realisation that, in post-2000 Zimbabwe, while the contest pitting one political formation against another has been given prominence in the media, an important struggle that has attracted little attention during this period has been that of the genders, in particular the competition between men and women for the right and power to govern the country. Media organisations have participated in this struggle by developing and distributing images of the various interest groups in the political fray, including men and women. The media has, thus, played a key role in developing conceptual tools to apprehend the condition of female and male politicians in Zimbabwean society (Bhebhe, 2016), thereby implicitly distributing power to one or the other group. This study has, therefore, examined the representation of female politicians in three Zimbabwean newspapers, namely Kwayedza, The Standard and the Financial Gazette, during the four election held between 2000 and 2008. The study was guided by the following concerns: the way images of female politicians were projected in the print media in Zimbabwe during the period in question, how the political affiliation of the three newspapers influenced the coverage of female politicians, and how female politicians were represented in different languages (i.e.Shona and English). The study tested the following hypotheses: women were generally represented as unfit for public office; images developed by the different newspapers were determined by the newspapers’ preference between the two major political parties, the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front (ZANU PF) and the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC); the representation of female politicians was determined by the language (Shona or English) used by the newspaper; and newspaper owners determined the way female politicians were portrayed. The study made use of qualitative content analysis to examine the representation of female politicians in the above-named newspapers, coding selected stories in terms of these frames: female politicians as mothers and housewives, and female politicians as inadequate and unfit for political office, as well as double bind dilemmas. As expected, the privately-ownednewspapers, the Financial Gazette and The Standard, negatively portrayed ZANU PF female politicians negatively, while the state-owned Kwayedza was hostile to MDC female politicians. The study, however found that, beyond this inevitable trait of a polarised media, all three newspapers shared many tendencies in their coverage of female politicians. For instance, across the three newspapers, female politicians were marginalized through iv omission. They were also trivialised by being portrayed in terms of frames irrelevant to politics. Thus, of the three newspapers, only The Standard did not make use of the motherhood and wifehood frame in its representation of female politicians. More significantly, the double bind dilemma is a rhetoric device that permeates stories on female politicians in all three newspapers to the extent that, even in those stories where the two frames were used, the frames are constructed in terms of double binds. Zimbabwean female politicians are thus portrayed as hamstrung candidates, neither fit for public office nor eligible for marriage and motherhood. This double bind is particularly damaging for indigenous black Zimbabwean female politicians since a major finding of this study is that the stories examined construct motherhood as a powerful form of elevation of female politicians as it is consistently associated with a select few female politicians, the elite of Zimbabwean politics, those at very apex of the political pyramid. This makes the combination of the frames and the double bind dilemma much more harmful to the careers of Zimbabwean female politicians than it would be in a non-African context. / Communication Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication)