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In this thesis, we examine the administrative responses by Ontario hospitals to fiscal restraint between 1977 and 1984. Using the conceptual 'model' of organizational change developed in James Thompson's Organizations in Action [1967], we predict that the most significant adaptations occurred in hospitals' administrative components, while "core" activities such as medical procedures remained relatively inflexible. More importantly, the observed changes in administrative tasks and activities can be accounted for by the role played by administrators in maintaining internal order and dealing with external contingencies. Accordingly, the greatest adaptations will be in how the administrative component assesses the performance cf "core" activities and communicates this to an external funding agency (i.e. Ministry of Health). We find that the empirical data collected is consistent with our predictions. As a result, we conclude that hospital adaptation during this time period was explicitly related to renewing the political conditions necessary for organizational growth. Moreover, we suggest that the organizational logic of fiscal restraint does not affect how hospitals perform medical activities, but rather, further entrenches this technology through the adoption of standardized funding formulae. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Prior research in children's writing (Sawkins, 1971; Graves, 1973 and 1981; Calkins, 1980, and Giacobbe, 1982) has not offered a comprehensive analysis of both oral and written stories. My study, therefore, identified and analyzed the differences between eighteen fifth-graders' oral and written stories. I also conducted interviews to determine students' perceptions of their preferred composing situation and particular story preferences. Among the findings were that these students' oral stories were longer than their written stories. The simplest narrative pattern, "situation + problem + solution" (King, 1979:3), was the most prevalent structure. All the students used active voice in both types of stories, with the majority using simple past tense. The students showed a preference for first person point of view in their written stories, but a majority used third person in their oral composing. Most students developed their stories with primary settings relating to home and school, and the number of major characters was fairly consistent in both types of stories. Girls, however, used more minor characters than boys. These students preferred the written composing situation. All the students took some time to think about their stories before composing; however, girls used more written plans than boys. Students also used drawing to enhance their written texts but not their oral ones. The majority of students chose their written stories as better than the oral ones. Both trained adult raters and other fifth-grade raters agreed that the written stories were better. These findings are fairly consistent with conclusions reached in prior research, except those of Sawkins (1971). The differences center on planning strategies, interview skills, and story quality. Sawkins found that most of her fifth graders did not have the complete story in mind before they began composing and proceeded to compose without first having made notes. I reported, however, that my fifth graders indicated they had the complete story in mind before composing and some of them chose to write plans before they began. Although Sawkins (1971) believed that her fifth-grade boys responded better in an interview situation than her girls, I found all students in this study to be articulate and willing to talk about their individual composing processes. Finally, Sawkins reported that girls wrote compositions which were judged to be of high quality, while her boys wrote lower-quality compositions. Evaluators, however, agreed that my fifth-grade boys' stories were good, while rating the girls' stories lower. / Ed. D.

Why people join voluntary associations has been of interest to Americans since the publication of Alexis de Tocqueville's observations on the importance of such associations in American society. The search for explanations for joining behavior was first motivated by a desire to know and understand this active American phenomenon. In more recent years, the motive has become more pragmatic; associations are interested in understanding the phenomenon to control membership enrollments. This study is an extension of the work which has evolved from this more recent interest. A theory of affiliation with professional associations was developed and tested with state and regional samples of elementary principles. Discriminant analysis was applied to determine the effectiveness of the variables as a group and individually in distinguishing members from nonmembers. The best predictors, in order, at the state level were benefits of membership, the principal's attitude toward associations, membership at the national level, and the principal's social needs. The best predictors, in order, at the national level were benefits of membership, superior's attitude toward associations, membership at the state level, and the principal's attitude toward associations. / Ed. D.

High performance liquid chromatographic separations employing on-line flow cell Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic detection were developed for polar compounds including phenols, alcohols, amines and azaarenes. Detection by FTIR gave information concerning hydrogen bonding and solvent effects occurring during the separations in addition to giving structural information about eluted species to aid in identification. Both analytical size and microbore normal phase columns were employed. Such experimental considerations as column overload, injected minimum detectable quantities, the use of analytical vs. microbore columns and flow cell pathlength were examined. The developed HPLC-FTIR systems were applied to the analysis of several coal liquefaction samples for heteroatom content. Confirmatory and additional information concerning the samples were provided by field ionization mass spectrometry, gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry and reversed phase liquid chromatography employing UV detection. An equation relating reversed phase retention times to structural parameters was developed and applied to the analysis of the coal-derived samples. Two process solvents were found to contain primarily alkyl-substituted phenols in addition to azaarenes such as pyridine and quinoline. Some non-distillable coal-derived samples were found to contain azaarenes such as alkyl quinolines. Evidence was also found concerning the presence of hydroxypyridine type compounds and the incorporation of process solvent molecules into the coal structure during liquefaction. / Ph. D.

The effects of hormonal chemicals and different genotypes on fruit growth of greenhouse-grown tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were examined. Continuous root application of 10nM N⁶-benzylaminopurine in Hoagland's nutrient solution to tomato seedlings of 'Fireball' and 'Red Cherry' significantly delayed anthesis of 'Fireball', but not 'Red Cherry'. Ovary diameter at anthesis, final fruit diameter, and fruit weight of both cultivars were unaffected. Irrespective of treatments, a significant positive correlation was obtained between ovary diameter at anthesis and final fruit diameter. A single foliar application of 0.25mM or 0.37mM β-na-phthoxyaceticacid (βNOA) at the appearance of the first in florescence of ‘Fireball' significantly increased ovary diameter at anthesis, but had no effect on final fruit diameter. Flowers on the second inflorescence of tomato plants treated with 0.37mM βNOA had smaller ovary sizes at anthesis than those of untreated plants. Application of 0.125mM βNOA, and 1µM, 10µM, and 100µM gibberellin A₃ had no significant effect on ovary diameter at anthesis or final fruit diameter. A significant positive correlation was also shown between ovary diameter at anthesis and final fruit diameter of βNOA treated plants. Among the twelve genotypes tested, significant correlations between ovary diameter at anthesis and final fruit diameter were found for 'Fireball', 'Michigan/Ohio Hybrid', and 'New Yorker'. The remaining genotypes showed no significant correlations between ovary diameter at anthesis and final fruit diameter. The average ovary diameter at anthesis (of all the genotypes) was significantly correlated with final fruit diameter, fruit weight, and locule number. / Master of Science

Wild turkey mortality rates, habitat use patterns, and recruitment were investigated on intensively managed pine forest of the Central Piedmont. Thirty-two adults and poults were captured with adult dosages of alpha-chloralose. Poults were easily sedated and usually recovered 1 day sooner than adults. The annual mortality rate for marked turkeys was 85%; September-February mortality was 65% (N=17), and March-August mortality was 57% (N=21). Turkeys that died during hunting seasons were recovered significantly (p < 0.05) closer to roads than those that died out of hunting seasons. High mortality during the hunting seasons and the association of hunting season mortality with roads suggests a crippling loss to legal harvest ratio as high as 4:1. Use of young pine plantations, hardwood leave strips, large stands of mixed hardwoods, mature pine stands, and fields was not significantly different (p > 0.1) from availability. Turkeys were associated with edges while on their winter and prenesting ranges. Nests were located in a variety of stand types, near edges, and in heavier cover than generally available. Nesting success was 48%. Post critical period brood survival was 90%. These data indicate that wild turkeys can adapt to the early stages of forest conversion for intensive pine management. / Master of Science

Although the duties of Artistic Directors of not-for-profit regional theatres in the United States are similar, the job description varies according to the management structure, mission of the theatre, and personal style of the individual holding the job. This thesis serves as a report and a subjective overview of an observership with Fred Chappell, Artistic Director of The Alliance Theatre Company/Atlanta Children's Theatre; David Head, Artistic Director of the Theatrical Outfit; and Frank Wittow, Artistic Director of The Academy Theatre. Each chapter contains: (1) a brief history and description of each theatre company; (2) the mission statement of each theatre; (3) biographical information regarding each Artistic Director; and (4) a subjective overview of the observation at each theatre. Complete transcripts of the interviews are included in Appendices A, B, and C of this thesis. / Master of Fine Arts

The history of industrial arts is rooted in the manual training movement, which began in the second half of the 19th century. Of the three school systems studied (Danville, Lynchburg and Richmond), Lynchburg was the first to offer manual training classes. Started in 1901, the classes were almost exclusively hand woodworking, and were taught at the secondary school level. In 1903, Richmond began offering manual training in its elementary schools. This program was first called industrial arts in 1921. Danville added industrial arts to its program of studies in 1929. In the fall of 1929, the Virginia State Board of Education directed that non-vocational industrial education be promoted throughout the State. In the decade that followed, industrial arts programs in Danville, Lynchburg and Richmond grew to fill this directive. This period of growth was followed by almost 40 years of stagnation. In June 1969, the State Department of Education created the Industrial Arts Education Service. Thomas Hughes was appointed to head this new division. Under his direction, the industrial arts curriculum throughout the State underwent many changes. These changes were reflected in the renewed development of industrial arts programs in the three school systems studied in this paper. Today, these programs offer a wide variety of pre-technical and personal enrichment courses. As such, they serve both the general and vocational aspects of the schools' program of studies. / Master of Science

The issues from past projects are shown to be used in subsequent projects. By continuing to investigate selected issues they become increasingly articulated. / Master of Architecture