The present study was designed to test two theories which conceptualize performance deficits and negative mood associated with depression. Reformulated learned helplessness theory suggests that the expectation of uncontrollable outcomes is sufficient to result in performance deficits and depressed mood. On the other hand, self-efficacy theory proposes that while the expectation of uncontrollability is important, the individual's perception of self-efficacy determines when performance deficits and depressed mood will occur. In the present study, both self-response (efficacy) and response-outcome expectancies were manipulated and performance, mood, and self-esteem were measured. Ninety undergraduates were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups or a no-treatment comparison group. Group 1: Low self-response/high response-outcome expectancy Group 2: Low self-response/low response-outcome expectancy Group 3: High self-response/high response-outcome expectancy Group 4: High self-response/low response-outcome expectancy Group 5: No-Treatment Comparison Hard or easy math problems manipulated self-response expectancy. Graphs and cards indicating high or low percentages of peer solution of math problems manipulated response-outcome expectancy. While the data suggested that the manipulations were effective, performance was enhanced, not diminished. Further, no subjects scored in the depressed range. Finally, there were no significant differences in self-esteem between groups. Failure to find the expected differences are discussed in terms of the facilitation effects found. In conclusion, support was found for Roth's (1980) reconceptualization of learned helplessness theory which relates facilitation effects to the amount of exposure to helplessness training. Implications of the results are discussed in terms of practical application and future research. / Master of Science

The effect of carrier concentration and dye type on carrier and dye uptake of Dacron type 54 yarn was determined. Disperse Red 60 and Disperse Yellow 54 dyes were used. 0-phenyl phenol was used with six different concentrations of this carrier (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 gm/l). Spun Dacron type 54 polyester yarn of 490 denier weighing ten grams was obtained. Dyeing was done using the Ahiba Texomat dyeing machine. The standard composite curves and equations were established for both dyes as well as the carrier. The dye in the yarn was extracted with dimethyl formamide as a solvent using the Fisher Shaking Water Bath. To measure the dye and carrier uptake of the polyester yarn, the extraction and dye bath solutions were analyzed spectrophotometrically. A two-way factorial Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test the hypotheses. The first null hypothesis indicating that there will be no difference in the uptake of disperse dye by polyester fiber due to initial carrier concentration was rejected. The second null hypothesis indicating that there will be no difference in the uptake of disperse dye by the polyester fiber due to dye type was also rejected. The third and fourth null hypotheses of no difference in the carrier uptake of polyester fiber due to initial carrier concentration and dye type respectively were likewise rejected. The results of this study indicated that both carrier concentration and dye type as well as their interaction have a significant effect on dye and carrier uptake of the polyester yarn. / Master of Science

An elliptic/parabolic procedure for solving the flow field in a dump combustor is described. The elliptic calculation is used at the dump combustor entrance and a parabolic calculation downstream. The calculations are restricted to steady axisymmetric nonreactive incompressible flow. A great savings in computation time and computer storage is obtained with no observable compromise in accuracy. / Master of Science

The outbreak of civil war convulsed the entire nation. Nowhere were its effects felt stronger than in the border states. The states of Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri found their inhabitants loyalties closely split over the secessionist issue. Under such an explosive situation, men of great courage and foresight were needed to safeguard the liberties of these states and avert the prospect of massive bloodshed. Isaac R. Trimble represented such a man capable of accomplishing such a task. Trimble had long been exposed to rigorous challenges. His loyalty rested with Maryland and its right to decide its own destiny. "Isaac Ridgeway Trimble, The Indefatigable and Courageous," is a story about this man's quest to resist what he considered to be Federal tyranny and regain his state's sovereignty. No matter what the hardship or price, Trimble willingly sacrificed to see his dream materialize. With the Confederacy, Trimble placed his fortune and fought to insure its survival. Even in defeat, Trimble remained convinced of Confederate virtue and Union despotism. Throughout the remainder of his life, Trimble continued to be a diehard warrior espousing the justness of the Confederate cause. / Master of Arts

Ph. D.

Ferromagnetic abelian lattice systems are the topic of this paper. Namely, at each site of ZV-invariant lattice is placed a finite abelian group. The interaction is given by any real, negative definite, and translation invariant function on the space of configurations.Algebraic structure of the system is investigated. This allows a complete · description of the family of equilibrium states for given. interaction at low temperatures. At the same time it is proven that the low temperature expansion for Gibbs free energy is analytic. It is also shown that it is not necessary to consider gauge models in the case of Zm on ZV lattice. / Ph. D.

This project examines the relationship between urban and rural conditions that exist in Alexandria, Virginia. The architect has drawn heavily from an editorial for <u>OPPOSITIONS</u> magazine entitled “The Third Typology”, by Anthony Vidler. “The Third Typology” is not utilized as a paradigm for architectural design, but rather as a validation of the ideologies employed. / Master of Architecture

A field study was conducted in the fall of 1982 to investigate the effect of vehicle type, traffic moisture level, and their interactions on soil compaction. During the study two procedures commonly used for soil bulk density determination were also compared. Treatments at the following levels were applied: i) Soil moisture: Two levels ii) Vehicle type: wheel and track type iii) Traffic intensity: 0, 1, 3, and 9 passes. Each treatment combination was replicated three times and these were installed in random order on 48, 6 x 30 m test plots. Soil samples were taken at three locations from each test plot for the determination of moisture level. Core samples were taken in and outside the rut at three locations along each track for bulk density determination. Bulk density data using a double probe nuclear densitometer were taken at one location along the track. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that, of the factors considered in the study, number of vehicle passes and interactions between moisture level and vehicle type and number of passes and vehicle type had a significant effect on the compaction of the top soil layer. The two methods for measuring soil density were compared using the paired student's t-test and an equation was developed relating the density values obtained by nuclear and gravimetric procedures. Comparison of the data from the two methods indicated that the nuclear densitometer underestimated the core bulk density. / Master of Science

Previous reports indicate that anti-tumor activity arising from systemically injected P. acnes is macrophage-mediated, whereas anti-tumor activity arising from locally injected P. acnes is T cell-mediated. It is possible these P. acnes-induced cytotoxic T cells arise via the Interleukin cascade. Therefore, this study investigated the involvement of Interleukin 2 (IL 2) and Interleukin 3 (IL 3), known components of the Interleukin cascade, in local P. acnes-mediated anti-tumor action. A 500 ug dose of heat-killed stationary phase P. acnes given simultaneously with 10⁴ tumor cells was found to inhibit tumor formation completely, therefore this amount was used as a standard dose throughout the study. Unvaccinated counterparts developed palpable tumors two weeks after tumor cell administration. Lower doses of vaccine protected animals from tumor growth to a lesser degree. A vaccine prepared from logarithmic phase P. acnes exerted a moderate anti-tumor effect in some cases. IL 2 and IL 3 levels were measured in vitro in normal BALB/c mice (N), tumor-bearing mice (TBH), normal vaccinated mice (N+V), and mice receiving both tumor cell and vaccine injection (T+V). IL 2 and IL 3 production was maintained in both N and N+V host splenocyte cultures throughout the study. In a similar fashion, levels of IL 2 and IL 3 in T+V host splenocyte cultures were comparable to those of N+V hosts. However, TBH splenocyte production of IL 2 and IL 3 began to decline when tumors became palpable, at Day 14 after tumor cell inoculation. By Day 28, TBH IL 2 and IL 3 levels were <15% of normal control levels. Causes for this suppression of IL 2 and IL 3 production in TBH were examined. From reports of others it appeared that suppression may be mediated through prostaglandin(s). Addition of the prostaglandin inhibitor indomethacin to splenocyte cultures greatly enhanced IL 2 production by N, N+V and T+V splenocytes, but failed to restore IL 2 production in TBH splenocyte cultures to normal levels. Thus, it appeared prostaglandins were not directly responsible for the majority of suppression seen in TBH. In the non-tumor-burdened host, prostaglandin appeared to play a homeostatic role regarding IL 2 production. Indomethacin-treatment had little effect on IL 3 production. Nylon wool fractionation of N, TBH, N+V and T+V splenocytes suggested a cell removed by nylon wool treatment was largely responsible for the suppression of IL 2 and IL 3 production in TBH. No obvious presence of functional suppressor cells was noted in N, N+V or T+V splenocytes. From these results, it appeared that P. acnes administration maintains and/or restores IL 2 and IL 3 production, thus favoring the production of CTL. In addition, the suppression of IL 2 and IL 3 production seen in TBH may be due to a nylon wool adherent suppressor cell. A model describing the effect of P. acnes administration on local anti-tumor activity was presented. / Master of Science

The possibility of acetone shock loadings to phenol acclimated systems resulting in sequential substrate utilization and increased effluent phenol concentrations was evaluated. Phenol acclimated batch and continuous-flow systems, developed with seed from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, were shock loaded with acetone, bacto-peptone, and domestic primary effluent. Phenol and acetone utilization rates were then monitored using direct injection gas-liquid chromatography. The results of the investigation indicated that, under the described experimental conditions, qualitative shock loading of phenol acclimated/utilizing cultures had no significant effect on effluent phenol concentrations. Variations of system pH, however, were found to have extreme effects. / Master of Science