Data for this study were 79,997 evaluations for 12 individual body and udder traits of Holstein cows. Type scores were subjectively assigned by trained personnel of Select Sires, Inc., Plain City, OH, through their corrective mating and young sire evaluation programs. After editing data to remove incomplete, erroneous and duplicate records, 56,642 records were used to calculate overall and regional age adjustment factors. Genetic parameters were estimated. Heritabilities ranged from .40 for stature to .14 for fore udder. Standard errors ranged from .039 for stature to .018 for fore udder. Genetic correlations ranged from +.75 between teats and udder support to -.61 between feet and legs. Phenotypic correlations were generally smaller than genetic correlations, ranging from .56 between udder support and teats to -.23 for dairyness and strength. These findings were in general agreement with previous research. Genetic evaluations for the 12 individual linear traits were made using Herdmate Comparison (HC) and Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) methods. Mean evaluations by HC were near zero, and ranged from .026 for stature to -.027 for teats. Mean repeatability also showed very little variation, ranging from .404 for stature to .241 for teats. BLUP evaluations were similar to HC evaluations, with mean evaluation ranging from .121 for feet to -.183 for dairyness. Direct correlations between BLUP and HC evaluations ranged from .90 for stature to .74 for dairyness. Forty-eight different combinations of minimum daughter numbers and model variables were tested to predict sires' overall evaluations for type from linear trait evaluations using regression analysis. Results indicate that with 5 or more daughters per sire, all predictions tested were similar in accuracy for Predicted Difference for Type. / M.S.

This study evaluated the potential for increasing the biological degradation of methanol and tertiary-butyl alcohol (TBA), components of a gasoline-alcohol blend, in the subsurface by stimulating the growth of the microorganisms. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the stimulatory effect of nitrate and sulfate (alternative electron acceptors) on the biodegradation of the alcohols in the absence of molecular oxygen. This study also evaluated the effect of adding hydroxide and bicarbonate to the groundwater as buffering agents in an attempt to raise the pH of the groundwater and stabilize it against the acidic by-products of microbial metabolism. The addition of nitrate resulted in increases in the initial rates of degradation of methanol ranging from 20 to 1040 percent. After a period of time, however, an inhibitory build-up of nitrite generally occurred, essentially halting the biodegradation. The addition of nitrate resulted in a varied response on the initial degradation rates of TBA, ranging from a 60 percent decrease to a 340 percent increase. The results of the sulfate additions with methanol were varied, ranging from an 80 percent decrease to a 930 percent increase in the initial degradation rates. In some cases, an inhibitory response was evidenced after a period of time, presumably due to a build-up of sulfide. The addition of sulfate resulted in a varied response on the initial degradation rates of TBA, ranging from a 90 percent decrease to a 380 percent increase. The effect of the hydroxide and bicarbonate additions were very similar, with both compounds inhibiting the biodegradation of methanol (SO and 65 percent decreases in the initial degradation rates, respectively) while stimulating the biodegradation of TBA (140 and 180 percent increases in the initial degradation rates, respectively). / M.S.

The occurrence of starch and other soluble carbohydrates in the embryos and young developing fruits of 'Essex' soybeans were determined at anthesis and continuing 10 days after flowering (DAF). The embryo was shown to be filled with starch grains which disappeared with development. Digestion of embryo sections with a mixture of α- and β-amylases showed a rapid hydrolysis of the reserve starch, suggesting that enzymatic degradation in vivo may provide soluble sugars as substrates for embryo growth. Starch and soluble sugars in the young developing fruits were found to be high at anthesis and then decreased with fruit growth. However, 6-8 DAF, fruits 7-9 mm showed an influx of soluble sugars and an accumulation of starch. Glucose was the major component of the soluble sugars in the 80% ethanolic extracts analyzed by high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Sucrose was present as a lesser component. Amylase activity was maximal at anthesis, but declined with increasing fruit size. Beta-amylase comprised a high percentage of the amylolytic activity in the developing fruits. Embryo development in fruits of greenhouse-grown plants collected 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 OAF closely paralleled that of greenhouse-grown plants sampled by morphological sizes. The stages of embryo development in fruits from field-grown plants sampled by morphological sizes were similar to anthesis, 2-5 mm, and 4-6 mm fruits of greenhouse-grown plants sampled by the same procedure. However, embryos of field-grown fruits 7-9 mm and 10-15 mm showed a more advanced growth than embryos of fruits of comparable size from greenhouse-grown plants. / M.S.

Power line carrier (PLC) is one of the communication and load control (C&LC) techniques employed in direct load control. A PLC is, within itself, a communication system. It utilizes power transmission line as a medium of transmitting control functions, and relaying. High frequencies, in the order of 30 to 300 kHz, are used. Power line carrier systems are, at present, the most attractive C&LC systems. Recently, dispersed generation - photovoltaics, wind energy, small scale hydro - is introduced to power systems. The introduction of small scale dispersed generation sources degrades the performance of PLC systems by injecting dc-ac inverter related harmonics into the distribution lines. These harmonics interfere with PLC signals. Thus load control functions assigned to PLC systems are affected. It is the purpose of this research to study how a PLC signal propagates through the transmission line and how it is affected by the harmonic interference. An experiment is conducted using a distribution network provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory discussions, and conclusions are presented. / M.S.

Two constant-frequency resonant power processors are discussed. The parallel resonant converter(PRC) with a controlled output rectifier can provide both forward and reverse power flow. A new control parameter — "θ-angle" is proposed for achieving output regulation and bidirectional power flow of the PRC. The θ-angle, measured as the displacement angle between the firing of the inverter switches and the firing of their corresponding output rectifier switches, provides a control-to-output characteristic independent of load variations and is very easy to implement. Unified closed-form expressions for the steady-state operating conditions are derived. Circuit performances are analyzed through closed-form solutions. Similar analyses are performed for a phase-controlled dual-inverter resonant converter. The feasibility of generating a regulated high-frequency AC bus employing this circuit is investigated. A controlled rectifier and LC filter type of load is used for the circuit to demonstrate the complex interactions between the inverters and the load and the effect of load power factor on the quality of the ac bus voltage. Desired operating regions for input, output, and various control parameters are analytically defined through closed-form solutions such that good quality ac bus voltage can be achieved. / M.S.

This study evaluated the effects of an antibiotic (oxytetracycline HCL) on reproductive performance of turkey breeder hens. The antibiotic was administered in 1) drinking water or 2) drinking water and intravaginal infusion. Hens were assigned to fertility subclasses (low 0-70%, medium 71-90%, high 91-100%) based on performance from the 7th to 10th week of production. Hens receiving antibiotic in drinking water showed significantly higher apparent fertility than untreated controls, but had significantly higher early embryonic mortality than hens receiving antibiotic in water plus intravaginal infusion. In order to determine the duration of the effect of antibiotic treatment on the variables under study, the eggs were divided into two periods; one containing eggs laid during treatment periods and one week following treatment periods, and the second containing eggs laid two to four weeks post-treatment. The antibiotic in drinking water significantly improved hatchability during the treatment period. The antibiotic in drinking water plus intravaginal infusion had its greatest effect in reducing early embryonic mortality. This treatment had a longer term effect holding embryonic mortality below 10% during treatment and post-treatment periods, while a shorter term effect was observed when antibiotic was administered only in drinking water. In the latter case early embryonic mortality increased significantly during the post-treatment period compared to the treatment period. No correlation was found between mycoplasmal or bacterial population and fertility subclass or antibiotic treatment. Hen day and hen housed production, body weight, feed consumption, feed consumed per egg, egg weight and specific gravity were unaffected by antibiotic treatment. / M.S.

The primary objective of this study of four cores from the Lower Mississippian Price Formation was to determine the dominant controls on diagenesis and porosity as the Price sandstones are potential reservoirs for coalbed methane. Facies analyses of the cores, in combination with outcrop data from previous studies, lead to the conclusions that these rocks represent distal bar and prodelta, wave-reworked distributary mouth bar, and upper delta plain deposits. Petrographically, the sandstones typically are fine-grained lithic arenites that were derived from a low-grade metamorphic provenance with lesser sedimentary and minor plutonic influences. Diagenetically, most sandstones are dominated by siliceous cements and replacements, although some samples from the marine zones are dominated by carbonate cements. No original porosity is preserved and secondary porosity of any type is rare, but where present is usually the result of dissolution of carbonate phases. The age of the rocks and the maximum temperature of diagenesis (found to be >150°C throughout these sections) were strongly influential in diagenesis. The composition of the sediments was also very important in compaction, cementation, replacement, and dissolution. The variation in detrital mineralogy is limited, and this, in combination with temperature and age, results in diagenesis that is relatively homogeneous throughout these sections of the Price Formation. Finally, as porosity in the sandstones is extremely low, it seems highly unlikely that the Price Formation sandstones in this area could be economic producers of methane. / M.S.

The purpose of this research was to compare preshrunk and nonshrunk fabrics when fused to suitable weight interfacings by examination of rigidity, bond strength, and dimensional stability. More specifically, varying fiber content and three types of nonwoven interfacing were used. Preshinking consisted of a warm wash and tumble dry Preshrunk and unshrunk fabrics were fused to each of the three interfacings using an industrial steam press. Selected performance properties were measured after 1, 5, and 10 laundering periods. The data were subjected to a randomized complete block design analysis of variance to determine the significance cf main effects and interactions among variables. The .05 level of significance was used. The four fabric types were different from each other. fabric had a significant effect on all of the dependent variables: rigidity, bond strength, and dimensional stability. The three types of interfacings, although different, were not as dramatically different as were the fabrics. The type of interfacing had a statistically significant effect on two of the dependent variables, flexural rigidity and bond strength, but, had no significant effect upon the dimensional stability. The preshrinkage of the fabric had an effect on the flexural rigidity and bond strength, but had no effect on dimensional stability when measured in the weft direction. Prewashed fabrics were found to be slightly more rigid and exhibited much weaker fabric-interface bonds than the control samples. Evidence from this research suggested that shirting fabric should not be preshrunk prior to garment construction. / M.S.

A severely defocused incoherent system has isolated zeros in its optical transfer function(OTF); therefore, an exact inverse filtering cannot be performed. It has been established that, by using an annular aperture in an optical system, the depth of focus can be extended. Isolated zeros in the OTF can therefore be avoided by choosing an annular aperture with a proper radius ratio. However, in the process of increasing the depth of focus of the system, this method results in a loss of image contrast. An annular pass filter can be used to restore this loss in contrast. A simple hybrid optical/digital image processing system in which a TV camera is coupled with an annular aperture is considered. The annular-pass filtering to compensate for the loss of contrast is performed by a digital computer. The experimental results are presented. / M.S.

The rapid proliferation of microprocessor based products has increased the need of Microcomputer Development Systems. The IBM PC's software architecture is modified to make it an Intel Series III compatible development system. Universal development interface (UDI) is used to allow all Intel languages and object modules to execute on the IBM PC. The development languages available are the 8086/8088 assembly language, with F0RTRAN-86 and Pascal-86 as the high level languages. The exact working and operating procedures of the software development tools, like an assembler, compiler, linker, locater, hex to object converter and a debugger are explained in detail. Mathematical support is either through an 8087 or its emulator. Detailed explanation of high level language program execution is given, including the run time support needed. A serial loader program is also available to downline load programs from the IBM PC development system to other target machines, like the SDK-86 single board computer. / M.S.