L´attribuzione di un valore al bene giuridico condensa aspetti sociologici, assiologici, ideologici e normativi, che sono inerenti alla sua unità concettuale. Il bene giuridico è inserito nel contesto della storia della criminalizzazione nel diritto penale brasiliano e nelle sue origini, permettendo che si possa raggiungere una diagnosi sicura dei cambiamenti strutturali e di valori che riorganizzano il sistema punitivo, in vista esattamente dell´attribuzione di un valore al bene giuridico, visto come nucleo attrattivo dei valori vigenti nella società. Con la scelta del bene giuridicamente tutelato viene definita la condotta che dovrà essere criminalizzata e la proporzione della pena. Tutti questi punti attingono il maggior grado di concentrazione nella Costituzione Federale Brasiliana, che riunisce nel quotidiano e nella categoria dei diritti fondamentali un elenco significativo di beni giuridici che devono essere tutelati dal diritto penale, stabilendo inoltre tra loro una graduazione assiologica, che può essere misurata attraverso il contenuto della norma costituzionale, che in determinati casi è notevolmente vincolante ed imperativa. I beni giuridici non sono unici in relazione alle norme che li tutelano, ma plurimi. Ne deriva che quando se ne sceglie uno come oggetto di tutela, si attingono più beni giuridici, sorgendo così la figura del bene giuridico preponderante. Per meglio proteggere questi diritti la dottrina cerca un consenso per definire quale sia un nucleo comune che possa definire i beni giuridici costituzionalmente protetti. Ne deriva inoltre la possibilità di concludere che esistono beni giuridici permanenti, che richiedono attraverso i tempi la tutela dello stato. / A valoração do bem jurídico condensa aspectos, sociológicos, axiológicos, ideológicos e normativos, que integram a sua unidade conceitual. O bem jurídico é contextualizado na história da criminalização no direito penal brasileiro e nas suas origens, para que se possa atingir um diagnóstico seguro dos câmbios estruturais e valorativos que reorganizam o sistema punitivo, em face, exatamente, da valoração do bem jurídico, como núcleo atrativo dos valores vigentes na sociedade. Com a eleição do bem juridicamente tutelado é definida a conduta que deverá ser criminalizada e a proporção da pena. Todos esses pontos atingem o maior grau de condensação na Constituição Federal, que reúne, hodiernamente e na categoria de direitos fundamentais, um elenco significativo de bens jurídicos que devem ser tutelados pelo direito penal, estabelecendo, inclusive, entre eles, uma graduação axiológica, que pode ser medida pelo conteúdo da norma constitucional, que em determinados casos atinge elevado nível de cogência e imperatividade. Os bens jurídicos não são únicos em relação às normas que os tutelam, mas plúrimos, do que se conclui que mais de um bem jurídico é atingido ao se eleger um como objeto de tutela, surgindo a figura do bem jurídico preponderante. Para melhor proteger estes direitos, a doutrina busca um consenso a respeito de qual seja um núcleo comum capaz de definir os bens jurídicos constitucionalmente protegidos, do que resulta a possibilidade, inclusive, de concluir a existência de bens jurídicos permanentes a reclamarem a tutela do estado através dos tempos.

Submitted by Maria Helena Versiani (m.versiani@globo.com) on 2013-05-08T15:22:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese versão final para BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL.pdf: 5316745 bytes, checksum: cf1eae7cbcbc0848b8a4dca9f43dd731 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rafael Aguiar (rafael.aguiar@fgv.br) on 2013-05-10T14:41:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese versão final para BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL.pdf: 5316745 bytes, checksum: cf1eae7cbcbc0848b8a4dca9f43dd731 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-05-15T12:19:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese versão final para BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL.pdf: 5316745 bytes, checksum: cf1eae7cbcbc0848b8a4dca9f43dd731 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-15T12:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese versão final para BIBLIOTECA DIGITAL.pdf: 5316745 bytes, checksum: cf1eae7cbcbc0848b8a4dca9f43dd731 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-25 / This thesis examines a set of personal letters that comprise the documental found Collection Memory of Constituent, deposited in the Historical Archives of the Republic Museum and gathering documents produced in the course of a political process that resulted in the promulgation of the current Brazilian Constitution. Brazil was experiencing a moment of democratic transition, which aimed to put an end to the auth oritarian regime installed in the country from the civil - military coup of 1964. The settlement of a new Constitution was put up as a democratic path of struggle against authoritarianism, getting stronger and increasing social support, and even becoming a k ey point in the articulation of the indirect election of Tancredo Neves and José Sarney to the Presidency and Vice - Presidency of the Republic, in 1985. With the election and following death of Tancredo, Sarney took over the Presidency and officially propos ed the setting up of a National Constituent Assembly in the country . Then, an intense debate and negotiations surrounding the type of constituent which must be established had begun in society, with especial emphasis in the organization of an extensive and well structured social movement in favor of popular participation in the Constituent Assembly, which was acclaimed as a condition for building a truly democratic Brazil. The letters analyzed in this thesis were inserted into the context of initiatives to participate in the Constituent Assembly that took place in Brazil. They were written by ordinary people because of that constituent moment, and they were sent to political authorities. These letters register claims, requests, comments, criticisms, complain ts and suggestions for the future Constitution. The aim of this thesis is, first, to demonstrate that these letters are forms of po litic participation, unique and special, that value the democratic dimension of politics. Second, to identify the meanings gi ven by these letters to the notions of 'citizen rights' and 'duties of political representatives' at that time the country was assigned the task of elaborating a new Constitution – the 'Citizen Constitution'. / Esta tese analisa uma amostra de cartas pessoais que integram o fundo documental Coleção Memória da Constituinte, depositado no Arquivo Histórico do Museu da República. Esse fundo reúne documentos produzidos no curso do processo político que resultou na promulgação da atual Constituição Federal brasileira. O Brasil vivenciava um momento de transição democrática, que tinha por objetivo pôr fim ao regime autoritário instalado no país a partir do golpe civil-militar de 1964. A reconstitucionalização colocava-se como a via democrática de luta contra o autoritarismo, recebendo forte e crescente apoio social e tornando-se inclusive um ponto-chave na articulação da eleição indireta de Tancredo Neves e José Sarney à Presidência e Vice-Presidência da República em 1985. Com a eleição e morte de Tancredo, Sarney assume a Presidência e propõe oficialmente a convocação de uma Assembleia Nacional Constituinte no país. Tem início um intenso debate na sociedade e negociações em torno do tipo de Constituinte que se desejava estabelecer, com destaque para a organização de um amplo e bem estruturado movimento social em prol da participação popular na Constituinte, então aclamada como uma condição para a construção de um Brasil verdadeiramente democrático. As cartas analisadas nesta tese inserem-se no quadro das iniciativas de participação na Constituinte empreendidas no país. Elas foram escritas por populares, em razão daquele momento de reconstitucionalização, e enviadas a autoridades do mundo da política. Registram reivindicações, pedidos, comentários, críticas, denúncias e sugestões da população para a futura Constituição. O objetivo da tese é, por um lado, mostrar que essas cartas são formas de participação política, singulares e especiais, que valorizam a dimensão democrática da política. Por outro, identificar os sentidos atribuídos nas cartas às noções de 'direitos do cidadão' e 'deveres dos representantes políticos', naquele momento em que o país se colocava a tarefa de elaborar uma nova Constituição – a 'Constituição Cidadã'.

No description available.

No description available.

Soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) fractions have been isolated from the pulp of ripe banana fruit. Attempts to determine the composition of the insoluble NSP indicated the fraction to be exceptionally complex and difficult to analyze. Only about 44% of the dry weight could be accounted for as NSP, the protein content was high (26%) and about 22% of the dry weight appeared to be a complex mixture of phenolic and other unknown components. One interesting property of the insoluble NSP was its unusually high water-holding capacity. The soluble NSP (isolated by extraction from fresh pulp with water at 25°C and not dried prior to analysis) contained about 48% pectin, 20% hemicellulose, 21% partially hydrolyzable polysaccharides and 11% protein. The hemicellulose represented about 0.05% of the banana fresh weight or about 0.2% of dry weight. Hydrolysis of the hemicellulose and analysis of the resulting sugars via gas chromatography revealed the hemicellulose to be made up predominantly (84%) of mannose, the remainder being 12% arabinose and 4% xylose. After removal of most of the pectin via treatment with anion exchange resin, the major hemicellulose component was isolated by gel filtration. The isolated hemicellulose was a homomannan as demonstrated by gas chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography of acid hydrolysates. The banana homomannan appears to be unique among plant mannans. All previously isolated plant homomannans were reported to be insoluble in water. Further studies will be required to establish the exact structure of the banana mannan. The molecular weight (MW) of the mannan in solution appears to be exceptionally high, the peak MW being about 5 million, as determined by gel filtration. / Master of Science

A finite element program for analyzing the nonlinear behavior of moving contact problems has been developed and used for the analysis of a single sheet pile interlock (Chan and Barker (1985), Wu and Barker (1986). In this study, the program is modified to simulate a sheet pile pull-out test with a new finite element mesh. The improved mesh contains a full-length sheet pile with both of its interlocks connected to two half-length sheet piles. The results are presented and compared with the results of the pull-out tests which were conducted by O'Neil and McDonald at WES (1985). The comparison is not completely satisfactory because the initial slack between interlocks is not modeled. Nonetheless, the general behavior of sheet piles under tensile load is correctly predicted by the finite element program. For easier interpretation of the output from the finite element analysis, the computer graphics software AutoCAD (Auto desk, 1986) is adopted to serve as a postprocessor. Several features of AutoCAD such as overlaying, zooming, and macro instructions are utilized to serve this purpose. Some intermediate programs are also developed for the communication between the finite element program and AutoCAD. / Master of Science

This study examines the economic performance of Asian immigrants during their first years in the United States. The earnings levels of Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, and Vietnamese immigrants entering the U.S. between 1975 and 1979 were compared with the usual earnings patterns of immigrants found in the work of Barry Chiswick. The primary factors influencing the earnings levels of people in different immigrant groups were found to be the transferability of skills and levels of self-selection. These factors are to be expected when using a study framework based on a conventional human capital model. Earnings equations were estimated using 1980 Census data to measure earnings differentials between new Asian immigrants and the native-born. The earnings levels of refugees (Vietnamese) and economic immigrants (Japanese, Chinese, Filipino, and Korean) were compared to identify differences. / Master of Arts

Parallel manipulators are being thought of as a solution to many problems involving control and manipulation. They offer significant advantages over serial manipulators in terms of increased strength and rigidity. Variable geometry trusses (VGTs) are a special class of parallel trusses. Literature on VGTs has covered many interesting problems, yet there has been no conscious effort to formulate a definition for a VGT. The major emphasis of this thesis is developing a set of precise kinematic rules for defining and analyzing VGTs. Traditional mobility criteria, when applied to parallel geometries, predict results which are often confusing and sometimes inaccurate. Based on the set of rules developed, mobility equations are derived for planar and spatial VGTs. The equations are tested on a sufficiently large number of VGT configurations to convince the author about the validity of the set of rules and the equations derived. Using the mobility equations, different candidate geometries can be analyzed and compared. In addition, the equations can be used in the type and number synthesis of VGTs. / Master of Science

The localization of modes of nearly periodic structures causes a concentration of energy in one part of the mode shape. It occurs for a disordered structure with weakly coupled subsystems. The forced excitation of localized modes may affect the maximum response amplitude of the system. Two nearly periodic structures are analyzed herein: a two span beam and a pair of coupled pendula. Results show that the sensitivity of the forced response to the degree of localization depends on a combination of the symmetry of the mode which is excited and the phase difference between the forces acting on each substructure. These results attempt to explain the range of contrasting conclusions of previous research on the effects of forced response on mistuned structures. Furthermore, a theoretical explanation of the results is given in terms of transfer admittance. A probabilistic analysis of the free and forced response of a nearly periodic structure is shown to be useful in the design of such structures which are sensitive to the degree of localization. The second moment method is used in the analysis with results verified by Monte Carlo simulation. The probabilities of localization and failure are calculated given the statistics of the system parameters, and the localization and failure tolerances respectively. / Master of Science

The effects caused by a variation of the key parameters involved in a proprietary process for the production of microporous polyethylene were investigated. The process involved the treating of a polyethylene film with two proprietary solutions at specific temperatures and in some cases required stretching of the material in the solutions. Specialized equipment was developed to implement the process and determine the conditions under which porous material was produced. The effects of changing these process conditions on the porous nature of the material produced was then determined. lt was determined that for the particular polyethylene film chosen for the investigation, the most uniform porous material resulted when the film was treated with the two proprietary solutions without the use of stretching. The conditions in the first solution were found to be the most important in determining the nature of the material produced. Pore size and distribution were not significantly altered in the variation of the parameters investigated. The material produced had an average pore size of 0.17 micron and a pore density of 0.9 x 10⁹ pores/cm2. The yield point of this material was found to range from 610 - 840 psl (4.2 - 5.8 MPa). / Master of Science / incomplete_metadata