Les marchés fonctionnent-ils indépendamment du pouvoir politique ? Cette étude comparée des politiques publiques dans six marchés créés durant les années 1980 au Chili analyse le rôle fondamental qu’ont les politiques publiques dans la construction des marchés. Pour rendre compte de la diversité de ces opérations, j’élabore un cadre conceptuel original, en définissant quatre « variétés du néolibéralisme ». A partir d’une étude de l’histoire de ce concept et de ses usages contemporains, je distingue les néolibéralismes orthodoxes, régulés, émulateurs et mixtes. Chaque néolibéralisme correspond à des réponses différentes de l’Etat face aux défaillances du marché. Dans le néolibéralisme orthodoxe, les organismes publics restreignent leur intervention. Dans le néolibéralisme régulé, les organismes publics interviennent pour promouvoir la concurrence et établir des obligations quant au produit lui-même. Dans le néolibéralisme émulateur, un organisme public organise la concurrence non pas dans le marché, mais pour le marché. Enfin, dans le néolibéralisme mixte, une ou des entreprises publiques entrent en concurrence avec les acteurs privés. Chaque variété fait l’objet de politiques publiques spécifiques, en particulier en termes d’instruments mobilisés. J’applique ce cadre théorique des variétés du néolibéralisme pour classer et analyser six politiques sectorielles : l’assurance-maladie, les retraites, les universités, la production d’électricité, la téléphonie et les transports publics à Santiago. Les six trajectoires sectorielles établies mettent en évidence l’existence d’un sentier néolibéral chilien. / Do markets operate independently of political power? This comparative study of policies in six markets created during the 1980s in Chile analyzes the fundamental part that public policies play in the construction of markets. To account for the diversity of these operations, I develop an original conceptual framework, defining four "varieties of neoliberalism." Building on a study of the history of this concept and its contemporary use, I distinguish orthodox, regulated, emulator and mixed neoliberalisms. Each neoliberalism is based on a different form of State answer to address market failures. In orthodox neoliberalism, public agencies restrict their intervention. In regulated neoliberalism, public agencies get involved in promoting competition and establish requirements on the product itself. In emulating neoliberalism, public agencies organize competition not in the market, but for the market. Finally, in mixed neoliberalism, one or more public companies compete with private players. Each variety is characterized by specific public policies, especially in terms of instruments. I apply this theoretical framework of varieties of neoliberalism to classify and analyze six sectoral policies: health insurance, pensions, universities, electricity production, telephone industry and public transport in Santiago. The six sectoral trajectories established highlight the existence of a Chilean neoliberal path.

Magíster en Estudios Internacionales / No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo / La política exterior de Chile ha sufrido grandes transformaciones a lo largo de las décadas, estas se encuentran insertas dentro del contexto de los cambios de gran magnitud que se produjeron en el escenario internacional a escala global, a raíz del desmoronamiento del Muro de Berlín, lo que de una u otra forma influyeron en la configuración de la política exterior tanto latinoamericana como chilena. Esta tesis va a estudiar la agenda presidencial en materia de política exterior de los presidentes de una coalición llamada Concertación de Partidos por la Democracia, la cual, estuvo en el poder desde marzo de 1990 hasta marzo del año 2010. A lo largo de este periodo, el país tuvo que insertarse nuevamente en el plano internacional, luego de una etapa de aislamiento producida por el gobierno militar, en donde, se quebraron las relaciones con muchos países, por otra parte, se perdió el prestigio internacional que había construido el país durante décadas. La pregunta de investigación que va a guiar el presente trabajo será ¿Cuáles son las prioridades en la agenda de cada presidente en el ámbito de la política exterior? A su vez se trabajará en torno a otras interrogantes tales como: ¿los mandatarios cumplen los desafíos en política exterior que prometen a lo largo de su programa electoral? ¿Qué cantidad de proyectos de ley se envían cada año en esta materia y a que temáticas corresponden? Finalmente se buscará responder ¿Cuáles son las principales áreas geográficas que han tenido mayor importancia en la política la política exterior chilena durante los diversos periodos presidenciales?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 yanaguita_ai_dr_mar.pdf: 636046 bytes, checksum: e7b6f04e56a56fb9e26c11824a04e797 (MD5) / Esta pesquisa, intitulada Financiamento da educação no Brasil (1990-2010): impactos no padrão de gestão do ensino fundamental, teve como objetivo investigar os impactos no padrão de gestão do ensino fundamental decorrentes das políticas de financiamento da educação, mediante pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental, no período de 1990 a 2010. Para analisar esses impactos, iniciou-se a pesquisa com uma revisão da produção acadêmica sobre as políticas educacionais e de financiamento no Brasil na década de 1990, buscando compreender o contexto político-econômico latino-americano e brasileiro, no período enfocado, do qual decorreram as reformas nas políticas educacionais brasileiras e, por conseguinte, nas políticas de financiamento, conduzidas pelas diretrizes do mercado. Ainda nessa revisão, discutiram-se as mudanças legais nas políticas de financiamento da educação básica que se configuraram como estratégia dos bancos multilaterais para que as mudanças mercadológicas, planejadas em suas agendas, viessem a se estabelecer nos países subdesenvolvidos. Posteriormente, na seção das análises sobre os impactos das políticas de financiamento da educação no padrão de gestão do ensino fundamental, os resultados apontaram que mais da metade do total das pesquisas abordaram sobre os impactos do FUNDEF. Assim, pode-se afirmar que esta política de financiamento da educação foi a de maior impacto sobre a gestão do ensino fundamental no período, sendo o impacto mais expressivo a municipalização, com redes de ensino fundamental geridas, em sua maioria, sem democracia e autonomia. A outra política de financiamento da educação, cujo impacto sobre a gestão do ensino fundamental merece destaque é o PDDE, o qual reforçou uma gestão pouco ou nada autônoma, centralizada e centralizadora... / This research, entitled Financing Education in Brazil (1990-2010): impacts on the standard of management of elementary grade, has as goal to investigate the impacts on the standard of management of elementary as results from the policies of funding education through qualitative research, literature and documents, in the 1990 until 2010. To analyze these impacts, began the research with review of academic work about education policies and education funding in Brazil in the 1990s, seeking to understand the political and economic context of Latin American and Brazilian, in the specific years, which guided reforms on the Brazilian educational policies and, therefore, on policies of financing, conducted by market rules. Even in this review, were discussed legal changes about policies of funding for elementary school system, which shows the strategy of all-services banks to the market changes, planned in their agendas, come to be done in underdeveloped countries. Later, in the section of the analysis about the impacts on the standard of elementary school system policies arising from education funding, the results have showed that more than half of the total research mentioned about the impacts of FUNDEF. Thereby, we state that this policy of financing education was the greatest impact on the management of elementary school system in the period, where the most significant management was when was giving the control of schools to city public service, taking control of operation of elementary school, mostly, without democracy and no autonomy. The other policy of funding education, whose impact on the management of elementary school system deserves special attention is the PDDE, which reinforced the idea of centralized management, no autonomy, concentrated administration. We conclude that the impacts of FUNDEF and PDDE as well resulted in the predominance... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Lordes Marcelino Machado / Banca: Carlos da Fonseca Brandão / Banca: José Marcelino de Rezende Pinto / Banca: Rubens Barbosa de Camargo / Banca: Marisa Rossinholi / Resumo: Esta pesquisa, intitulada Financiamento da educação no Brasil (1990-2010): impactos no padrão de gestão do ensino fundamental, teve como objetivo investigar os impactos no padrão de gestão do ensino fundamental decorrentes das políticas de financiamento da educação, mediante pesquisa qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental, no período de 1990 a 2010. Para analisar esses impactos, iniciou-se a pesquisa com uma revisão da produção acadêmica sobre as políticas educacionais e de financiamento no Brasil na década de 1990, buscando compreender o contexto político-econômico latino-americano e brasileiro, no período enfocado, do qual decorreram as reformas nas políticas educacionais brasileiras e, por conseguinte, nas políticas de financiamento, conduzidas pelas diretrizes do mercado. Ainda nessa revisão, discutiram-se as mudanças legais nas políticas de financiamento da educação básica que se configuraram como estratégia dos bancos multilaterais para que as mudanças mercadológicas, planejadas em suas agendas, viessem a se estabelecer nos países subdesenvolvidos. Posteriormente, na seção das análises sobre os impactos das políticas de financiamento da educação no padrão de gestão do ensino fundamental, os resultados apontaram que mais da metade do total das pesquisas abordaram sobre os impactos do FUNDEF. Assim, pode-se afirmar que esta política de financiamento da educação foi a de maior impacto sobre a gestão do ensino fundamental no período, sendo o impacto mais expressivo a municipalização, com redes de ensino fundamental geridas, em sua maioria, sem democracia e autonomia. A outra política de financiamento da educação, cujo impacto sobre a gestão do ensino fundamental merece destaque é o PDDE, o qual reforçou uma gestão pouco ou nada autônoma, centralizada e centralizadora... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research, entitled Financing Education in Brazil (1990-2010): impacts on the standard of management of elementary grade, has as goal to investigate the impacts on the standard of management of elementary as results from the policies of funding education through qualitative research, literature and documents, in the 1990 until 2010. To analyze these impacts, began the research with review of academic work about education policies and education funding in Brazil in the 1990s, seeking to understand the political and economic context of Latin American and Brazilian, in the specific years, which guided reforms on the Brazilian educational policies and, therefore, on policies of financing, conducted by market rules. Even in this review, were discussed legal changes about policies of funding for elementary school system, which shows the strategy of all-services banks to the market changes, planned in their agendas, come to be done in underdeveloped countries. Later, in the section of the analysis about the impacts on the standard of elementary school system policies arising from education funding, the results have showed that more than half of the total research mentioned about the impacts of FUNDEF. Thereby, we state that this policy of financing education was the greatest impact on the management of elementary school system in the period, where the most significant management was when was giving the control of schools to city public service, taking control of operation of elementary school, mostly, without democracy and no autonomy. The other policy of funding education, whose impact on the management of elementary school system deserves special attention is the PDDE, which reinforced the idea of centralized management, no autonomy, concentrated administration. We conclude that the impacts of FUNDEF and PDDE as well resulted in the predominance... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Magíster en Estudios Internacionales / La presente tesis aborda el tema de la Cooperación Sur-Sur de Chile a través de la interpretación constructivista para identificar desde la perspectiva del cooperante, qué lo motiva a dar este tipo de ayuda. El regreso de la Democracia permitió que una cantidad importante de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo se otorgara al país, es por eso que entre 1990 y 1993 Chile era receptor neto de cooperación administrándose a través de la Agencia de Cooperación Internacional de Chile (AGCI) creada con ese fin. Sin embargo, con el establecimiento del Programa de Cooperación Técnica entre Países en Desarrollo, se adquiere una doble participación en el Sistema Internacional de Cooperación: como receptor y cooperante. Desde entonces, la AGCI es la encargada de la cooperación recibida y otorgada por Chile. Se estudió la relación entre la Política Exterior y la Cooperación Sur-Sur exclusivamente para el caso de la cooperación chilena dirigida a Centroamérica, durante los veinte años que estuvo la Concertación en el poder. En esta línea, se buscó determinar si la cooperación, fue utilizada como instrumento para lograr satisfacer los intereses y objetivos de política exterior en los gobiernos de Aylwin, Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Lagos y Bachelet; asimismo, se analizaron los cambios institucionales en la AGCI, y los resultados de la cooperación en América Central. Adicionalmente, se analizaron dos variables importantes en la investigación: Chile como país de renta media y la AGCI en el comportamiento organizacional según Valerie Hudson. La primera, permitió evaluar una serie de elementos que son identificados por algunos autores como obstáculos o condicionantes de los países de renta media en su rol de cooperante; y la segunda, permitió medir los factores propuestos por la autora, para identificar si la AGCI es una organización que participa en la toma de decisiones de Política Exterior o no.

The built environment should be accessible for everyone. A residence shall be functional without creating a handicap for people who have a disability from birth, caused by an accident or of old age. A residence that is accessible creates equal conditions for everyone. In this report the accessibility of newly built blocks of flats in Uddevalla city from 1990 until today are interpreted. One project that is yet to be built is interpreted and compared with the already existing projects. The apartments of seven projects have been analyzed according to today’s regulations of accessibility. The Swedish politics regarding disablement and a historical overview of the building regulations from the 1980’s till 2010 give the foundation of the analyses of the projects. One type-apartment in each project has been furnished to be able to interpret how the accessibility demands are fulfilled. In the study the conditions of the seven projects are different. Two of the projects, that have been built 8 years apart, are two-story apartment blocks. These projects separate from the other projects that are four-seven story apartment block buildings. One of the buildings has the concept of being able to keep living in and using the apartment when ageing. The four project that remains are all block of flats with 26-45 apartments each, with the difference of when they were built, or is going to be built. The result of how accessible the different apartments are in each project depends on how well thought-out the floor plan is. The oldest project is comparable to and even better than two of the younger projects when it comes to accessibility. A neutral hallway or accessing a bedroom from the living room is a recurring design that is found in five of the seven projects. In three of the projects a failing design or different building regulations causes the bathroom to fail the accessibility demands. The recurring center- to- center distance between the toilet and washbasin in each projects determines if the accessibility demands are achieved. When a kitchen, dining area and living room are in an open connection with each other they create practicability, but depending on the measurements of each space the accessibility demands can be fulfilled or shattered by collisions, created when furnishing.

Czech Artists and their Fairy Tale Illustrations between 1990 and 2010 This diploma thesis focuses on Czech artists and their illustrations of Fairy tales between 1990 and 2010. The introduction outlines goal of my thesis, methodological procedures and structure. At the beginning we deal with literary fairy-tale - with its origin, foundation, construction, implications and evidence of its existence in Czech Republic and abroad. The following chapters relate to illustrations generally. It dedicates to the history of illustrating books for children and young people in the 20 century. The main part of my thesis is focused on mapping cultural history traditions and innovation in fairy tales' illustrations between 1990 and 2010. The author finds that the period between 1990 and 1999 was linked primarily to the previous tradition. There were issued primarily selections of generally known fairy tales illustrated by affirmed artists. In contrast, according to the author in the period 2000-2010, the situation has changed. The main interest switched to a modern fairy tales, often authoring books, which were illustrated by young artists of new generation. In that time photographs were used as an illustration and other non-traditional techniques have begun to be very popular.

Bibliographie der Beiträge zur Geschichte von Neusalza-Spremberg von 1990-2010

Bibliographie der Beiträge zur Geschichte und Kultur des Amtsblattes der Verwaltungsgemeinschaft Neusalza-Spremberg, 2. Halbjahr 2016

Thesis (M.A. (Political Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / The study was about the South African Communist Party (SACP) and its entry into SA politics after 1990. The main question is whether it should contest elections independently of its Tripartite alliance partners led by ANC in democratic SA. As a democratic country it allows any party to participate in the elections. Given that space SACP can contest and triumph electorally thus assume the reins of government. For SA to become socialist, SACP has to campaign and triumph electorally for this to happen. The study followed a qualitative research paradigm. Purposeful sampling was used to collect data through in-depth interviews with information-rich respondents who have specialist knowledge about the study. Interviews and document analysis were used for data collection. For this reason, open-ended questions in the form of an interview guide were used to solicit information, perceptions and attitudes towards and about SACP. A tape recorder was used to capture information from these interviews. The recorded data was transcribed and coded into themes one by one which in turn formed part of the research portfolio. From the study findings contemporary SACP is a product of the revisionism that has come to characterise the post-Cold War. It is not surprising why the party then is not ready to contest election alone.