The Edge of a City is a philosophical region, where City and Natural Landscape overlap, existing without choice or expectation.' Steven Holl The interaction across boundaries sets up a dialogue that is highly complex and ambiguous. The periphery of a modern city presents itself as an erratic composition of fragments having little or no relationship to the existing fabric of the city. The mediating ground between natural landscape and a built—up environment, the city's edge is an opportunity for a new synthesis of urban life and form. But more often than not it is treated as 'leftover' space with the only reminder of its urbanity being its proximity to the maze of curvilinear superhighways. This 'leftover' edge condition becomes more acute when the natural boundary is water. Ignoring fundamental aspects in designing waterfront environments has resulted in an architecture and urban development that is visually chaotic and disorganized, reflecting a lack of harmony with self and surrounding urban landscape. The development of urban waterfronts has always been one of the ways to enhance the urban environment. Besides contributing to the economic, recreational, cultural and industrial development of the place, the architectural character has always adapted itself to the maritime context maintaining a continuous dialogue between the urban edge and the water. Historically employed as a means of transport and trade, it is only now that the potential of river or sea in relation to waterfront land is being recognized for its recreational and cultural aspects. Decreasing waterborne cargo and passenger travel has left a large section of waterfronts unused or underused. It is the effective and appropriate reuse of these sites that poses a challenge towards urban land use, and establishment of an identity, and environmental quality of a city. / Master of Architecture

Architecture lies in the relationship between material and structure, in particular the poetic of constructed form. By poetic, I am referring to, as Kenneth Frampton put it, "the original Greek sense of poesis as an act of making and revealing." Through the dialogue of constructive elements, materials, the making of form and the resolution of structural forces, beauty and meaning arise. "Tectonics" is defined as "pertaining to building or construction in general" especially in reference to architecture. Gottfried Semper went further to use tectonic to define the qualities of making inherent in the constructed act. He broke down types of construction into that of using elements for a framework, such as wood frame construction, and that of using compressive mass to build an enclosure, such as block or stone work. The qualities of these he called "tectonics" and "stereotomics," respectively. Frampton discusses the ontological consequences of these differences: "framework tends towards the aerial and dematerialization of mass, whereas the mass form is telluric, embedding itself deeper in the earth. One tends toward the light and the other toward dark. These gravitational opposites . . . may be said to symbolise the two cosmological opposites to which they aspire; the sky and the earth." Human existence finds itself at the juncture between these opposites. Semper regarded the joint as "the primordial tectonic element" around which all building defines itself. Then in a sense architecture embodies the fundamental way man perceives his existence. / Master of Architecture

The many miles of our river and stream corridors are some of our country’s most valuable resources. The lands adjacent to rivers possess important agricultural soils, wetlands, fish and wildlife habitats, floodplains, historic communities and places for recreation. In the United States, early uses of rivers include; thoroughfares for crop exportation and exploration, and important source of water for many uses, and places to dispose of unwanted wastes. Recently, efforts to improve water quality have resulted in a new awareness of the nation’s rivers and streams. This growing public recognition that rivers have many other values besides simply traditional economic uses has resulted in the multi-objective river corridor management activities which are occurring in numerous cities and countryside’s across the country. Often termed greenways, these projects are generally grassroots efforts to preserve ecologically sensitive resources and at the same time provide for a growing recreational demand. A key feature, essential to the success of these projects, is the development of cooperative public and private partnerships, incorporating multiple objectives into the planning process. This thesis is an attempt to analyze that process and break it down into general terms in an effort to provide a framework for communities to follow when entering into greenway planning projects. The methodology used to get at this process is a combination of; reviewing the existing literature available on corridor design and grassroots movements, as well as an in depth look at successful river greenways in an effort to extract the critical elements involved in environmental and recreational corridor planning. With an understanding of these elements, a process is constructed which highlights the essential steps in the planning process and their order of implementation. Once the process model is constructed, it is then applied to a site in order to illustrate the process and how it can be fine tuned to meet the needs of a specific region and community. / Master of Landscape Architecture

Natural chalcopyrite-bearing fluid inclusions from the Red Mountain, Arizona, porphyry copper prospect have been used to experimentally document the movement of hydrogen into and out of fluid inclusions in quartz. Chalcopyrite daughter minerals in inclusions do not dissolve during heating studies of "as collected" quartz vein material. However, after the samples were held at an elevated (but unknown) hydrogen pressure in a cold-seal-type pressure vessel at 600°C and 2.5 kbars for seven days, chalcopyrite daughter crystals dissolve easily and completely during subsequent heating in the fluid inclusion stage. The presence of hydrogen in the re-equilibrated inclusions was confirmed by both Raman microprobe and quadrupole mass spectrometric analyses of the inclusions. Repeated heating of re-equilibrated inclusions to measure the dissolution temperature of chalcopyrite (Tm Cpy) results in a considerably higher Tm Cpy during each successive run until, eventually, the chalcopyrite no longer dissolves when heated to the upper limit of the heating stage. This behavior is interpreted to indicate that hydrogen which had diffused into inclusions during re-equilibration experiments diffused out of the inclusions during microthermometric analyses. The dissolution of chalcopyrite following re-equilibration and its failure to dissolve before re-equilibration are consistent with proposed solubility models for chalcopyrite in aqueous solutions. The rapid movement of hydrogen into inclusions is also consistent with experimentally determined diffusion rates for hydrogen through quartz. These results reinforce conclusions reached by earlier workers who suggested that the failure of some fluid inclusion daughter minerals to dissolve during heating is a result of hydrogen loss. These results also support earlier workers who have suggested that unexpectedly low δD values obtained from inclusion fluids were produced by the preferential movement of hydrogen (relative to deuterium) into fluid inclusions. Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence (SXRF) analysis is a non-destructive analytical technique that provides compositional information for single fluid inclusions. Quantitative analyses of metals in individual synthetic fluid inclusions were carried out in order to gain an understanding of the accuracy, precision and detection limits of this technique, as well as the optimal shapes, sizes and geometries required for reliable fluid inclusion analysis. Aqueous fluid inclusions containing known concentrations of SrCl₂ were synthesized for the development and the standardization of this technique. Strontium chloride was selected because it is highly soluble, its freezing-point depression is well known (allowing us to confirm the inclusion composition through freezing studies) and the energetic Sr X-rays are only mildly attenuated by quartz. SXRF analyses were performed on beam line X26A of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory using an 8 x 12 μm "white" X-ray beam. The analytical volume was calculated based on known beam dimensions and fluid inclusion geometry determined using a modified spindle stage. Elemental concentrations were determined by ratioing the Sr counts from an inclusion to the counts obtained from capillaries of known diameter containing similar solutions. Numerous inclusions from five different samples, each with a different Sr concentration, were analyzed. Within a single population the mean is very close to the correct composition, but the precision is poor, with standard deviations from 10-39% of the mean. Errors in determining the inclusion geometry produce the largest uncertainty in inclusion analysis thereby resulting in poor precision. This requires that numerous inclusions within one population be analyzed and averaged to obtain an accurate metal concentration for that population. The Texaco gasification system developed at the Monte Bello pilot plant efficiently burns petroleum-coke thereby producing syn-gas and electricity. This system produces more electricity than conventional burners, yet the only by-products are pharmaceutical grade sulfur and V-rich slag. Vanadium is known to exist in multiple valence states in compounds which possess a wide range of melting points and physical properties. Consequently, it becomes important to carefully regulate oxygen fugacity throughout the system in order to control vanadium valence state. Wanadium phase equilibria is presently poorly understood, in large part because of the multiple oxidation states of vanadium (-1, 0, +2, +3, +4, and +5) and the difficulty of unequivocally identifying the valence state(s) in many compounds. However, V valence in multi-element phases (especially phases containing other elements of variable valence) cannot be resolved by microprobe analysis alone. Petroleum-coke gasification slags collected from within the gasifier under different oxidation conditions were studied by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. Raman spectrometry in conjunction with microprobe analysis was found to resolve the valence of vanadium in the phases of these slags. Gasifier slag samples are, however, much more complicated. Oxidized samples contain: fine grained (Ca, Mg, Fe, V) oxide matrix of variable composition, (Fe, V, Ni) spinel, (Fe, Al, V, Ni, Mg) spinel, V₂O₅ laths, Al-Si glass blebs and Ni sulfides. Reduced samples contain: crystalline Ca-silicate matrix, subhedral to euhedral (V, Fe, Mg, Al) spinel, subhedral VO₂, Fe and Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni alloys, and complex Ca-oxide matrix. The different spinel assemblages, the characteristic V-oxides and the distinctly different character of the matrices makes the oxidized and reduced slags readily discernible. / Ph. D.

The use of pesticides in agricultural production has led to the contamination of surface and groundwater. There is a need for simple, on site wastewater cleanup procedures to minimize pollution caused by spills and improper disposal of pesticide wastes by pesticide applicators and farmers. Sorption technology may prove a viable alternative to biological wastewater treatment. Properties of the ideal sorbent are (i) a high capacity for the contaminant, (iii) inexpensive and/or regenerable, and (ili) easy to dispose of after use. Our objective was to evaluate Filtrasorb 400 (activated carbon), Ambersorb adsorbents, and thiol derivatized cellulose beads for pesticide adsorption. Also, the use of solid state fermentation as a means of final disposal of pesticide sorbed onto a lignocellulosic matrix was investigated. Adsorptive capacities of Ambersorb adsorbent 572 for dicamba as Banvel 4L and metolachlor as Dual 8E under flow through conditions were three times higher than adsorptive capacities of Filtrasorb 400. Better performance of Ambersorb adsorbents under flow through conditions was likely the result of faster mass transfer kinetics caused by a more favorable pore size distribution in Ambersorb adsorbents. Ambersorb adsorbents are easily regenerable, with a slight loss of adsorptive capacity, using methanol. Thiol derivatized cellulose beads were synthesized using a novel method. Carbonyldiimidazole activated cellulose beads were reacted with aminoethanethiol to yield thiol contents of up to 160 μmoles/mL beads. Sorption of metolachlor by ethanethiol-cellulose beads was primarily the result of chemisorption, although some physisorption may occur. Chemisorption of metolachlor by ethanethiol-cellulose beads is the result of a nucleophilic substitution reaction, immobilizing metolachlor. Chemisorption increased at elevated temperatures and pH. Sorptive capacity of ethanethiol-cellulose beads for metolachlor in batch studies was similar to Ambersorb adsorbent 572. Ethanethiol-cellulose beads may prove a useful sorbent for contaminants containing electrophilic centers, such as atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor. Solid state fermentation of carbofuran in a peat matrix showed that a large amount of carbofuran residues became incorporated into organic matter. The formation of carbofuran-7-phenol was necessary for incorporation to occur. Carbofuran-7-phenol likely was incorporated through peroxidase catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions. Solid state fermentation of contaminants that can undergo oxidative coupling, may prove an effective detoxification method. / Ph. D.

熊志琴. / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1999. / 參考文獻 (leaves 299-349). / 附中英文摘要. / Xiong Zhiqin. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)-- Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1999. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 299-349). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究目的和價値 --- p.3 / Chapter 第三節 --- 硏究作品的選取原因 --- p.4 / Chapter 第四節 --- 硏究方法及章節安排 --- p.8 / Chapter 第五節 --- 路翎硏究綜述 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- 硏究槪況回顧 --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5.1.1 --- 四十年代 / Chapter 1.5.1.2 --- 五十年代 / Chapter 1.5.1.3 --- 六、七十年代 / Chapter 1.5.1.4 --- 八、九十年代 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- 有關《財主底兒女們》的專論 --- p.17] / Chapter 1.5.3 --- 硏究空間 --- p.19 / Chapter 第二章 --- 路翎的文學觀 --- p.22 / Chapter 第一節 --- 小引 --- p.22 / Chapter 第二節 --- 對「現實主義」的認同 --- p.25 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「主觀戰鬥精神」的堅持 --- p.29 / Chapter 第四節 --- 「語言奴役創傷」的發明 --- p.35 / Chapter 第五節 --- 外國文學的吸收 --- p.36 / Chapter 第六節 --- 小結 --- p.39 / Chapter 第三章 --- <財主底兒女們> 的創作背景 --- p.40 / Chapter 第一節 --- 小引 --- p.40 / Chapter 第二節 --- 四十年代初期的中國文壇槪況 --- p.40 / Chapter 第三節 --- 路翎的創作心態 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 文藝環境的影響 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 創作反思 --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- 知識分子的心理面貌 --- p.57 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.61 / Chapter 第四章 --- 《財主底兒女們 》 的主題及內容 --- p.63 / Chapter 第一節 --- 小引 --- p.63 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《財主底兒女們》的人物 --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 象徵「傳統」的人物：蔣捷三 --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 象徵「當下」的人物：「蔣純祖們」 --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- 對人民的信仰 --- p.79 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- 對「傳統」的眷戀 --- p.81 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《財主底兒女們》的場景與意象 --- p.84 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 象徵「傳統」的場景：蔣家大宅 --- p.85 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 象徵「當下」的場景：曠野 --- p.90 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.98 / Chapter 第五章 --- 〈財主底兒女們>的語言 --- p.100 / Chapter 第一節 --- 小引 --- p.100 / Chapter 第二節 --- 論者對路翎小說語言的意見 --- p.101 / Chapter 第三節 --- 路翎對小說語言的意見 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 對「語言奴役創傷」的反抗 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 「主觀戰鬥精神」的發揚 --- p.108 / Chapter 第四節 --- 語意矛盾的構辭 --- p.110 / Chapter 第五節 --- 重複使用同一詞語 --- p.118 / Chapter 第六節 --- 大量運用修飾詞 --- p.123 / Chapter 第七節 --- 歐化長句 --- p.125 / Chapter 第八節 --- 小結 --- p.127 / Chapter 第六章 --- 〈財主底兒女們 > 的心理描寫 --- p.128 / Chapter 第一節 --- 小引 --- p.128 / Chapter 第二節 --- 複雜心理的描寫 --- p.129 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- 極端的心理狀態 --- p.129 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- 奇異的心理狀態 --- p.138 / Chapter 第三節 --- 複雜心理描寫的出現原因 --- p.143 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- 複雜心理描寫與時代背景的關係 --- p.143 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- 複雜心理描寫與路翎文學觀的關係 --- p.145 / Chapter 第四節 --- 「解說」與「呈現」的互用 --- p.146 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.154 / Chapter 第七章 --- <財主底兒女們 > 的結構 --- p.156 / Chapter 第一節 --- 小引 --- p.156 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「『丁』字結構」 --- p.156 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「眾聲和鳴中的主音」 --- p.158 / Chapter 第四節 --- 心理描寫與整體結構的關係 --- p.160 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.165 / Chapter 第八章 --- 結語 --- p.167 / Chapter 第一節 --- 路翎探索之路 --- p.167 / Chapter 第二節 --- 《財主底兒女們》以外的小說創作 --- p.168 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《財主底兒女們》在路翎小說的位置 --- p.170 / 附錄 --- p.173 / 附錄一：八、九十年代路翎作品和硏究資料重印及出版 資料 --- p.173 / 附錄二 ：路翎〈我和外國文學〉一文所列書目 --- p.176 / 附錄三：有關《財主底兒女們》的書信內容 --- p.180 / 附錄四：《財主底兒女們》的家族人物表 --- p.200 / 附錄五：《財主底兒女們》全書出現「嚴肅」一詞處總 覽 --- p.202 / 附錄六：路翎生平簡表 --- p.273 / 附錄七：路翎小說創作年表 --- p.287 / 參考書目 / Chapter 一 . --- 路翎作品 --- p.299 / Chapter 1.1 --- 路翎作品篇目 --- p.299 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- 小說（請參考附錄：路翎小說創作年表） / Chapter 1.1.2 --- 散文 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- 外國文學評論 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- 當代文學批評 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- 文學及文化論爭 / Chapter 1.1.6 --- 日記 / Chapter 1.1.7 --- 作品序跋 / Chapter 1.1.8 --- 回憶錄 / Chapter 1.2 --- 路翎作品集 --- p.309 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- 小說集 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- 重印小說集 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- 劇作集 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- 重印劇作集 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- 重印文集 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- 書信集 / Chapter 二 . --- 「路翎研究」參考書目 --- p.314 / Chapter 2.1 --- 評傳 / Chapter 2.2 --- 硏究專著 / Chapter 三. --- 「路翎研究」參考論文 --- p.315 / Chapter 3.1 --- 四十年代（1940-1949年） / Chapter 3.2 --- 五十年代（1950-1959年） / Chapter 3.3 --- 六、七十年代（1960-1979年） / Chapter 3.4 --- 八、九十年代(1980年-) / Chapter 3.5 --- 「路翎硏究」論文集 / Chapter 四. --- 時代背景參考書目 --- p.333 / Chapter 4.1 --- 文學史 / Chapter 4.2 --- 知識分子硏究 / Chapter 4.3 --- 胡風資料 / Chapter 五. --- 文學術語辭典 --- p.340 / Chapter 六. --- 其他 --- p.342

This study provides an overview of vacancy and blight within communities across the United States and the significance that these factors play in the overall health and prosperity of the neighborhoods and cities in which they exist. The recent housing boom and eventual bust destabilized neighborhoods and led the federal government to provide funds for communities to combat vacancy and blight through the American Recovery Act and the Dodd Frank Act. The City of Muncie utilized these funds to demolish vacant, blighted properties and to aid developers in the rehabilitation of several historic properties for rental and sale to low-income residents. Although these efforts are an excellent starting point for redevelopment of Muncie’s neighborhoods, there is room for improvement in utilizing private-public relationships and funding sources to amplify current successes. / Department of Urban Planning

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, 2006. / This study examines foreign policy decision-making processes of the South African government relating to African crises in the period 1994 to 2002. It takes as its point of departure the question of who makes foreign policy, how, and to what effect. The theory relating to foreign policy and public policy gives rise to a variety of models to explain policy formation and in particular decision making in government. From the survey, three models developed by Graham Allison – the rational actor, organisational behaviour, and governmental politics models – are selected to analyse and better understand South African foreign policy decision-making. Foreign policy decision making relating to crises in Nigeria (1995), Lesotho (1998) and Zimbabwe (2000-2002) are examined. The question in each case is which model best helps to enlighten our understanding of the South African foreign policy response to the perceived crisis. Case study materials were gathered by means of primary and secondary literature as well as open, semi-structured interviews with key individuals involved in relevant policy formation processes. Prior to the analysis of decision making the study constructs a view of the institutional settings of post-apartheid foreign policy making, in particular identifying actors and process, and provides a short contextualisation of the crises in Nigeria, Lesotho and Zimbabwe. The study concludes that public policy making ought to be seen as a political problem solving activity in the face of complexity rather than a logical process involving wellinformed calculations by rational actors who seek to maximise economic utility, political power, or organisational effectives. It supports the view that reliance on the dominant rational actor model is inadequate to explain a foreign policy decision or event. Although of limited use it nevertheless acts to clarify issues, such as broad objectives (actions to achieve peace and stability in Africa as well as the promotion of national interests). Little x evidence emerges to suggest that foreign policy decisions can be understood as outputs of large organisations functioning according to regular patterns of behaviour (such as the Presidency or department of foreign affairs). To the contrary, in the years immediately following 1994, senior governmental decision makers were faced with inadequate, inappropriate or malfunctioning organisational settings and procedures, leading to choices being made by a small circle. The governmental politics model assists in identifying, in all three cases, the lack of an ‘action channel’ – that is, a process to allow for the aggregation of competing perceptions and preferences for making decisions and taking action. Whether institutional overhaul (integrated governance, the cluster system, policy frameworks and a National Security Council) improved matters in later years could not be fully determined. The study found that the governmental politics model was difficult to operationalise because certain data relating to decision making processes remain confidential. The study concludes with recommendations regarding the application of Allison’s models in the South African setting.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Montréal--Université du Québec, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 519-530. En appendice, choix de documents.

This thesis investigates the role of Fischerle in Elias Canetti's novel Die Blendung. Fischerle is examined from two main points of view: first he is seen as a dramatically vitalizing figure associated with a significant body of imagery and motifs in the novel; then he is viewed as a foil to Kien. / Die Blendung is populated by a wide variety of grotesques. It is argued that Fischerle, who is more elaborately burdened with grotesque features than any other figure in the novel, is also the character who is most self-aware and awake to the world. Fischerle is a rogue, but he generates pathos. / Chapter III studies the figure of Fischerle as a composite of his defining features, his qualities and his abilities. Particular attention is paid to the function of the imagery and motifs associated with Fischerle. / Chapter IV explores the Kien-Fischerle dynamic in terms of the imagery that relates the two characters to one another. A selection of images and metaphors showing a pattern of blending and separation is analyzed. Conclusions are drawn concerning this pattern of imagery as a further source of pathos for readers of this peculiarly "heartless" novel.