An approach to balance the amplitude of seismic data in the Ï -Ï domain is introduced in this study. The idea of amplitude balancing technique is based on the following observation: In the Ï -Ï domain, direct wave, ground-roll, primary reflection, multiple and refraction arrivals are located at different regions. These regions can be viewed as signal region and noise region. By increasing the amplitudes in the signal region and suppressing the amplitudes in the noise region, so called amplitude balancing in T-Ï domain, the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data can be improved. The Ï -Ï domain amplitude balancing scheme is tested and calibrated on synthetic seismic data using AIMS®' package. The modeled data is also used to illustrate transformation (slant stacking) to and from Ï -Ï domain. The signal-to-noise ratio enhancement using amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain is illustrated. This general discussion also includes aliasing effect of slant stack and deconvolution in Ï -Ï domain. After the calibration with syn1hetic data, the amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain is applied to real seismic data recorded on the Atlantic Coastal Plain near Richmond, Virginia and Aiken, South Carolina to explore the possibilities of enhancing the quality of seismic data. Processing of synthetic and real data is carried out on VAX 11/785 and Sun Sparc 10 workstation at the Regional Geophysics Laboratory at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University using DISCO@2 seismic data processing package. The results suggest that Ï -Ï domain amplitude balancing can be combined into conventional seismic data processing sequence to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and thus give a better imaged seismic section. Extensive tests carried out indicate that choice of ray parameter range, the degree of amplitude change, are important aspects of the processing in Ï -Ï domain. In this study, a complete data processing was carried out to generate a stack section of NRC line 2 in Virginia while the amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain was incorporated into a conventional processing scheme. The Ï -Ï domain processing of NRC line 2 improved the data quality. The signal-to-noise ratio enhancement obtained by the amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain led to test the method to improve weak reflections from within the Dunbarton Triassic basin on SRP line 2EXP in South Carolina. After the application of amplitude balancing in Ï -Ï domain, CMP gathers showed enhanced signal-to-noise ratio, although the improvement became almost indiscernible after stack. / Master of Science

The crystallization and melting behavior of copolymers (specially of those which partially exclude the and component) has not been well understood. Poly(ether ketone ketone) PEKK is such a partially excluding copolymer in which the crystalline phase tends to exclude one of two similar monads. Previous studies on PEKK have focused on effects of changing overall composition on the melting and crystallization behavior. These studies have demonstrated that PEKK tends to exclude one of two chemically similar monads from the crystalline phase, and the crystallization and melting behavior is affected as a result of this exclusion. However, the effect of changing linear chain architectures on the thermal behavior of such copolymers has not been investigated. In this study, the effect of changing architectures of the linear chain (blockiness) on the crystallization and melting behavior has been studied. The overall composition of the copolymer is maintained at 50% 2nd comonomer, and a series of samples prepared with different block lengths and amounts of branching. The crystallization and melting behavior of these samples is then studied using hot stage optical microscopy, scattering (small and wide angle X-ray scattering) and thermal analysis techniques (differential scanning calorimetry). It has been demonstrated that, upon changing from an alternating to a non-alternating structure, substantial amounts of 224 component are excluded from the crystalline phase and the melting temperature is raised considerably. Further, because of increased amounts of branching which accompanies the change in blockiness, the crystallization kinetics is slowed down. These results have been analyzed in terms of existing theories of copolymer crystallization, and some speculative arguments have been presented on the factors which affect the crystallization mechanism in such partially excluding copolymers. The validity of equilibrium thermodynamics based on the enthalpic approach has been analyzed. / Ph. D.

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and ribosomal DNA (rDNA), were used to estimate and compare the extent of diversity among the organellar and nuclear genomes, and to infer species relationships. Eight cultivated turfgrass species and subspecies were used in this study including: Festuca rubra spp, rubra, F. rubra spp commutata Gaud., F. rubra spp trichophylla Gaud., F. longifolia Thuill., F. ovina L, F. arundinacea Shreb, Lolium perenne L., and Poa pratensis L. Genomic DNA from tissue samples of 208 cultivars representing the eight turfgrasses was digested with each of four restriction enzymes: Hind III, Bam HI, Eco RI, and Xba I, and probed with a set of ten barley cpDNA clones, nineteen wheat mtDNA clones, and one wheat rDNA clone. The degree, type, and distribution of diversity detected within and between these species and subspecies were compared by RFLP analysis. Relative phenotypic diversity in the cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes was evaluated using Shannon’s information statistic. Genetic similarities used for computing species relationships were based on the proportion of shared RFLP fragments. Substantial inter- and intra-specific nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA variation was detected with RFLP markers in the eight turfgrass species and subspecies. Comparison of phenotypic diversity estimates indicates that, in general, the highest level of variation was detected by rDNA, followed by mtDNA, and the lowest was by cpDNA. The high variability in rDNA indicates that rDNA in these species evolves at a faster rate than both cpDNA and mtDNA, and cpDNA evolves at a slower rate than mtDNA. Species relationships derived based on the data of the three genomes indicate that the five fine fescues are clustered in the same group in agreement with the traditional classification. Relationships among the eight turfgrasses based on mtDNA data are in accordance with those from cpDNA. Furthermore, results from these analyses indicate that F. arundinacea and L. perenne are closely related to each other, and P. pratensis has a rather low degree of relationship to any of the turfgrasses studied. This is the first study where the data from three genomes have simultaneously been used to address genetic variation and species relationships in plants. The results of this study further indicate that RFLPs of cpDNA, mtDNA and rDNA are useful markers for species and variety identification, and as criteria in germplasm collection as well as in the elimination of duplicates accessions in germplasm banks. / Ph. D.

余子恆. / 複印本. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學, 1988. / Fu yin ben. / Includes bibliographical references: leaves 176-190. / Yu Ziheng. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 1988.

Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Ms. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-195). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 序言 --- p.1-6 / 導言 --- p.7-12 / Chapter 第一章 --- 分界問題及歸納法問題之歷史淵源 --- p.13-42 / 前言 --- p.13-14 / Chapter （一） --- 康德三分界問題 --- p.15-27 / Chapter （二） --- 休謨之歸納法問題　 --- p.28-42 / Chapter 第二章 --- 分界問題及歸納法問題之解決 --- p.43-94 / 前言 --- p.43 / Chapter （一） --- 哲學是什麼及哲學家的責任　 --- p.44-47 / Chapter （二） --- 知識論的概念 --- p.48-53 / Chapter (i) --- 知識論是什麼 --- p.48-50 / Chapter (ii) --- 心理主義之消除 --- p.50-53 / Chapter （三） --- 分界問題 --- p.54-78 / Chapter (i) --- 波柏爾的分界標準 --- p.54-64 / Chapter (ii) --- 分界標準所引起的困難 --- p.64-68 / Chapter (iii) --- 邏輯實証論的分界標準 --- p.68-71 / Chapter (iv) --- 波柏爾對於邏輯實徵論的分界標準之批判 --- p.71-78 / Chapter （A） --- 可否証性與可檢証性 --- p.71-75 / Chapter (B) --- 意義問題 --- p.75-78 / Chapter （四） --- 归納法問題　 --- p.79-94 / Chapter 第三章 --- 客观知識論之原素　 --- p.95-156 / 前言 --- p.95 / Chapter （一） --- 形而上實在論 --- p.96-104 / Chapter （二） --- 科學的目的 --- p.105-115 / Chapter （三） --- 真理論 --- p.116-126 / Chapter （四） --- 三個世界´ؤ´ؤ沒有認知主體的知識論 --- p.127-147 / Chapter （五） --- 批判主觀知識論 --- p.149-156 / Chapter 第四章 --- 關於客觀知識論的討論 --- p.157-190 / 前言 --- p.157 / Chapter （一） --- 關於知識概念的討論　 --- p.160-170 / Chapter （二） --- 關於分界標準可否証性的討論 --- p.171-180 / Chapter （三） --- 關於歸納法問題的討論 --- p.181-183 / Chapter （四） --- 關於三個世界問題的討論 --- p.184-190 / 参攷書籍 --- p.191-195

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

L'étude présentée ici s'intéresse au traitement du génocide rwandais dans la presse canadienne. De avril à juillet 1994 le Rwanda a été le théâtre d'une tragédie qui a coûté la vie à plus d'un demi million de personnes, en grande majorité des tutsis. Les cerveaux de ces tueries sont les radicaux hutus. Une large partie de la population hutue participa aux massacres, dans ce qui constitue le troisième génocide du vingtième siècle. Depuis 1962, année de son indépendance, le Rwanda a souvent été victime de tensions ethniques. Le génocide de 1994 est le résultat de ces tensions, en plus des tensions politiques qui apparaissent au début des années 1990. Un génocide est une tragédie suffisamment rare pour que tous les médias du monde s'en emparent. Mais comment traiter un génocide dans un pays dont l'histoire est jalonnée par les tensions et massacres ethniques? Telle est une des nombreuses questions qui jalonnent notre étude. Elles s'inscrivent dans notre réflexion générale sur la façon dont la presse canadienne a rapporté le génocide rwandais à ses lecteurs. Cette réflexion est elle même motivée par une problématique qui intègre les relations entre le Canada et l'Afrique en général et le Rwanda en particulier. Notre analyse souligne que le Canada a beaucoup oeuvré pour les pays en voie de développement, notamment en Afrique. Les liens avec le continent africain sont anciens et profonds. Notre analyse du traitement du génocide rwandais dans la presse canadienne prend en compte un échantillon de six journaux. Un certain préjugé était présent avant le début de cette étude. À savoir que les médias occidentaux, y compris canadiens, ne se sont rendus compte qu'un génocide a eu lieu au Rwanda qu'après les faits. Mais force a été de constater que la presse canadienne a traité l'événement en profondeur et qu'elle a très rapidement fait part à ses lecteurs de ce qui se passait. L'analyse apporte également une distinction dans l'information livrée par les journaux étudiés. En effet, il apparaît clairement des différences notables dans la façon de traiter les évènements rwandais. Ces différences permettent de classer les journaux de notre échantillon en deux groupes distincts. Malgré ces différences constatées on peut parler d'une presse canadienne qui a su faire la différence entre un énième massacre ethnique et un génocide, d'une presse canadienne qui a su expliquer les subtilités d'un pays qui n'était pas sur le devant de la scène médiatique avant 1994. En somme l'information sur le génocide au Rwanda a été correctement traitée par la presse canadienne de avril à juillet 1994. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Génocide, Rwanda, Presse, Afrique, Canada.

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Berkeley--University of California, 2004. / Originally presented as the author's thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 2004.

Texte remanié de : Dissertation : ? : Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München : 2002/2003. / Bibliogr. p. 379-414.

Diss. Göteborg : Göteborgs universitet, 2009.