Several decades of study have shown that school reform is a difficult process. Sharing the decision-making in a school and changing a school’s culture appear to be areas that promise some hope for making school reform a reality. It was the intent of this study to examine the use of action research in one school setting in addressing a school problem and its effectiveness in bringing about school reform or renewal. Data for the study were obtained from the investigator’s field notes and from participants’ journal entries, anonymous reflections, surveys, transcripts of meetings, and documents produced during the study. The investigator assumed both a participant and observer role in the study thus allowing an insider’s view of the process. Multiple sources of evidence and triangulation of data assured reasonable validity to the study. The results of this study indicated that action research is a vehicle to use to cross the disciplines in addressing a school problem. Action research 1s an effective route to increased collegiality, and professional and personal growth. It is a means of sharing leadership within a school. Although action research does not necessarily mean immediate student outcomes will be realized, it does have the potential for long-term change. This form of examining a school’s values and beliefs has implications for changing a school’s culture and thus leading to more long lasting reform. / Ed. D.

This study describes the students, educators, and programmatic thrusts of travel and tourism education programs at the public high school level in the United States. Specifically, it looked at 39 educators in 30 high school travel and tourism programs. Reviewing literature revealed that descriptions of these programs did not exist. Therefore, this study is exploratory in nature. The research population included regular members of the Society of Travel and Tourism Educators (STTE) and the Council for Hospitality, Restaurant, and Institutional Education (CHRIE). Questionnaires were mailed to a total of 87 members who were active in 1994. A total of 39 or 45% of the members were included in the data. The data were transcribed for statistical analysis; frequency and percentages were employed to describe these students, educators and programmatic thrusts. Based on the data the following conclusions were reached: 1. Travel and tourism programs at the secondary school level utilize articulation agreements; 2. The location of secondary school travel and tourism programs and significant tourism sites is high; 3. There is a need for ongoing staff development and/or vocational institutes in secondary school travel and tourism programs; 4. There are similarities of mission, structure, and curriculum among travel and tourism educational programs at the secondary school level, and 5. Travel and tourism programs at the secondary school level should be marketed more to the non-college bound, males, minorities, and to students with disabilities. / Ed. D.

Student activities accounting procedures are carried out in all public school systems throughout the Commonwealth of Virginia. These accounts are created to allow individual educational agencies to deposit, disburse, and account for all funds relating to school activities. In 1954 the original manual for Student Activities Accounting was developed by the Virginia State Department of Education and was revised in 1989. The policies and procedures contained in this manual are intended for application throughout all public schools in Virginia, and are not considered regulatory. However, local school board policies should be reviewed so that they meet the objectives of the manual while conforming to the policies and procedures that are unique to each school system. The purpose of this manual is to provide assistance to those persons who are involved in the financial accounting and management of school activity funds for all Virginia Public Schools. It reflects the newest legislation concerning school accounting and considers the opinions of the Executive Director of the Association of School Business Officials and Virginia Certified Public Accountants. Recommendations were solicited from assistant superintendents of finance representing small, medium and large school divisions as well as elementary, middle and high school bookkeepers. Additionally, Attorneys’ General opinions relative to the management of school activity funds were obtained and are included in the revised manual. All aspects of student activities accounting procedures and practices are covered. The manual is designed to be a user-friendly guide that allows school personnel easy access to accounting information. It offers recommendations to ensure proper accounting policies and procedures as related to student activity accounting, guidance for accurate disposition and accounting for all funds, and explicit explanation of the forms needed to carry out day-to- day business practices. It is available in binder form and disk to all public school systems throughout Virginia. There are several accounting software packages available at reasonable costs that will save time and will help to eliminate careless accounting errors. Technology will also provide the principal and bookkeeper with immediate information through detailed printed reports, receipts and check printing. The manual contains examples of all necessary forms which may be duplicated or may be purchased through the State Department of Education. The forms have been revised to allow utility for bookkeepers who use a ledger or computer software. / Ed. D.

Two structural models which can be used to predict the buckling, post buckling and vibration behavior of flat and curved composite panels under thermomechanical loadings are developed in this work. Both models are based on higher-order transverse shear deformation theories of shallow shells that include the effects of geometric nonlinearities and initial geometric imperfections. Within the first model (Model I), the kinematic continuity at the contact surfaces between the contiguous layers and the free shear traction condition on the outer bounding surfaces are satisfied, whereas in the second model (Model II), in addition to these conditions, the static interlaminae continuity requirement is also fulfilled. Based on the two models, results which cover a variety of problems concerning the postbuckling behaviors of flat and curved composite panels are obtained and displayed. These problems include: i) buckling and postbuckling behavior of flat and curved laminated structures subjected to mechanical and thermal loadings; ii)frequency-load/temperature interaction in laminated structures in both pre-buckling and post buckling range; iii) the influence of a linear/nonlinear elastic foundation on static and dynamic post buckling behavior of flat/curved laminated structures exposed to mechanical and temperature fields; iv) implication of edge constraints upon the temperature/load carrying capacity and frequencyload/ temperature interaction of flat/curved structures; v) elaboration of a number of methodologies enabling one to attenuate the intensity of the snap-through buckling and even to suppress it as well as of appropriate ways enabling one to enhance the load/temperature carrying capacity of structures. / Ph. D.

In the face of technological developments, economic demands, and cultural desires that can encourage buildings devoid of character and permanence, we need to look for attributes of architecture that evoke strength and elude the undulations of time. / Master of Architecture

By drawing upon the essential characteristics of a locality, an architect may, through reinterpretation, reconstitute a place. This occurs when mundane characteristics of a locality are reformulated in such a manner that their presence becomes significant. / Master of Architecture

No description available.

L'objectif principal de cette thèse était de vérifier l'influence d'une période préparatoire précédant l'arrivée d'un signal indiquant au sujet de débuter la production d'un intervalle temporel. Cette tâche est exécutée selon le paradigme prospectif. De plus en plus de chercheurs admettent l'implication d'une horloge interne afin d'expliquer les phénomènes temporels observés dans le contexte de ce paradigme. Lorsque le signal du début de la production est présenté, un processus d'accumulation d'une information temporelle serait activé jusqu'à l'atteinte d'une quantité critère relative à la durée à produire. Les résultats suggèrent que la période préparatoire affecte la période de latence entre la présentation du signal et l'activation du processus d'accumulation de l'horloge. La connaissance temporelle de la durée de la période préparatoire permettrait au sujet de mobiliser ses ressources attentionnelles à la présentation du signal afin de diminuer la période de latence et augmenter la précision des productions.

No description available.

Les inquiétudes excessives sont centrales au Trouble d'Anxiété Généralisée (TAG) (DSM-IV; American Psychiatrie Association, 1994). Au cours des dernières années, les chercheurs ont tenté d'identifier les principales caractéristiques de cette variable et de clarifier ses mécanismes de base (e.g. Borkovec et Roemer, 1995; Davez et Tallis, 1994; Dugas, Freeston, & Ladouceur, 1994). Selon certains chercheurs, l'Intolérance à l'Incertitude serait la principale variable impliquée dans l'acquisition et le maintien des inquiétudes dans le TAG (Dugas & Ladouceur, sous presse; Ladouceur, Freeston, & Dugas, 1993). L'Intolérance à l'Incertitude mènerait notamment à percevoir des problèmes qui n'existent pas objectivement et à s'investir dans des stratégies inefficaces de résolution de problèmes. Le rôle fondamental de l'incertitude dans l'anxiété d'appréhension a conduit bon nombre d'auteurs à inclure cette notion dans leur conceptualisation du TAG (Andrews & Borkovec, 1988; Dugas & Ladouceur, sous presse; Tallis & Eysenck, 1994) et de l'anxiété en général (Garber, Miller, & Abramson, 1980; Krohne, 1993). Cependant, ce n'est que récemment que l'Intolérance à l'Incertitude est étudiée de façon systématique dans le TAG. Une étude est présentée évaluant les liens entre l'Intolérance à l'Incertitude, l'état d'anxiété et les manifestations comportementales associées au TAG. Soixante sujets participent à l'étude. Quatre groupes sont formés selon le résultat au Questionnaire d'intolérance à l'Incertitude (Til ou ¿11) et selon la condition expérimentale (anxiété induite ou non induite). Les sujets effectuent trois tâches expérimentales ambiguës permettant l'observation de certaines manifestations comportementales du TAG telles que le doute et le nombre d'indices de certitude requis avant la prise de décision. Les résultats sont discutés en fonction d'une formulation cognitive-behaviorale du TAG et des plus récentes données dans ce domaine. Cette étude jette une lumière nouvelle sur les mécanismes propres à ce trouble et sur l'implication de l'Intolérance à l'Incertitude comme facteur de vulnérabilité cognitive.