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Only a few hardy men had ventured into America's intermountain west prior to the year 1847. Arriving in this year, the Mormons, under Brigham Young, slowly conquered parts of the Great Basin and within a few years had produced a self-sustaining agricultural economy. production of a surplus in farm products awaited only the emergence of a "foreign" market. This market was soon forthcoming.The developing process of Utah-Montana relations from 1847 through 1881 was a natural occurance. From the very first, men from Utah traveled northward. The Mormon experiment at Ft. Lemhi during the late 1850's was a prime example of their interest and penetration. Many Utahns were engaged in the Emigrant Road "stock" trade, driving worn-out animals into the Montana valleys to recuperate and returning them south again in the spring.

Comment l’histoire des Juifs en France a-t-elle été pensée, écrite, conceptualisée tout au long du XIXe siècle ? En repartant des conditions concrètes dans lesquelles archivistes et historiens se sont saisis des documents relatifs à cette histoire, nous tentons de montrer que le processus de constitution de l’histoire des Juifs en France en domaine de savoir propre, adossé à des documents authentiques, ne peut être séparé du contexte général de mutation des conditions du travail scientifique en France à partir des années 1830, dans le cadre de ce qui a été nommé l’historiographie documentaire. Les archivistes, bibliothécaires et plus largement les érudits qui ont inventorié, classé et décrit ces matériaux leur ont donné une visibilité inédite au sein des dépôts, tout en les laissant globalement à l’écart des chantiers de publication des sources de l’histoire de France. L’historiographie des Juifs en France, s’affirmant scientifiquement à partir des années 1880, a tenté, avec difficulté, de dépasser les contradictions inhérentes à l’écriture d’une histoire des Juifs en France pensée comme une ligne continue dans le temps et dans l’espace. Cette étude souligne également, en creux, la faible place accordée aux archives internes aux communautés juives françaises dans la construction de cette histoire, tournée vers l’extérieur davantage que vers l’intérieur. / How was French Jewish history conceived, written, conceptualized throughout the XIX century? Looking at the concrete conditions under which archivists and historians accessed documents pertaining to this history, this dissertation attempts to show that the process of constructing French Jewish history as a separate domain with its own knowledge base, reinforced with authentic documents, cannot be separated from the larger context of the changing conditions of scientific work in France from the 1830s onward, in the framework of what has been called documentary historiography. The archivists, librarians and scholars, more generally, who inventoried, cataloguedand described these materials gave them a new visibility within Archives, all while excluding them from the publications of the sources of French history. French Jewish historiography, which consolidated from the 1880s onward, tried, with difficulty, to overcome the inherent contradictions to the writing of a linear history of Jews in France, conceived of as a continuum in time and space. This survey also shows, indirectly, the peripheral role that archives belonging to French Jewish communities played in the construction of this history, which was more outward – than inward – looking.