Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, May 1923. / Typewritten (carbon copy). Bibliography: p. 169-182.

This thesis describes investigations on the natural products found in Thamnosma montana Torr. and Frem., commonly known as turpentine broom. In Part I is described the isolation and identification of fifteen constituents of Thamnosma montana. Of those compounds already known to occur in the plant, alloimperatorin methyl ether (7) and isopimpinellin (2) were found in the shoots and leaves, while β-sitosterol (6), thamnosin (8) and the alkaloids N-methylacridone (4), skimmianine (5a) and ƴ-fagarine (5b) were isolated from the roots. A number of coumarins were recognized for the first time in this plant. Umbelliprenin (83) and a new natural product, alloimperatorin methyl ether epoxide (97) were isolated from the shoots and leaves, while the coumarins, isoimpera-torin (87), phellopterin (96), psoralen (68), bergapten (67) and xantho-toxin (55) were obtained from the roots. Finally a new coumarin which we have named thamnosmin was isolated from the roots and on the basis of chemical and spectral data was assigned the structure 6-(l',2'-epoxy-3'-methyl-3-butenyl)-7-methoxycoumarin (90). Part II presents a discussion of degradative sequences developed for the furanocoumarins, isopimpinellin (2) and alloimperatorin methyl ether (7) and for the coumarin umbelliprenin (83). These sequences were developed in order to be able to gain information about the distribution of radioactivity in these compounds made available from subsequent biosynthetic studies. In Part III is described some biosynthetic experiments performed with Thamnosma montana plants. In preliminary studies it was shown that D,L-phenylalanine-[3-¹⁴C] (14) serves as an efficient precursor of the coumarin constituents in the shoots and that the rate of biosynthesis of these natural products was quite rapid. In studies on the roots, cinnamic acid-[2-¹⁴C] was shown to incorporate into the monomeric coumarin constituents but all attempts to observe positive incorporation into the dimeric coumarin thamnosin (8) were fruitless. Mevalonic acid (57) was found to be a very poor precursor of all coumarins found in Thamnosma montana shoots except in the case of umbelliprenin (83) where reasonable incorporations were observed. Mevalonic acid-[2-³H] lactone (78) was shown to incorporate essentially exclusively into the farnesyl ether side chain of umbelliprenin. Mevalonic acid-[2-³H] lactone (78) was shown not to incorporate into isopimpinellin (2) while mevalonic acid-[3R,4R-4-³H, 3S,4S-4-³H] lactone (78) did provide radioactive 2. This latter material was shown, by means of specific degradation, to have essentially all the activity at the 7-position. Sodium acetate-[2-¹⁴C] was shown to incorporate considerably more efficiently into isopimpinellin (2) and alloimperatorin methyl ether (7) than did mevalonic acid. By means of specific degradations it was shown that sodium acetate-[2-¹⁴C] provided isopimpinellin (2) labeled at C(4), C(7) and the methoxyl carbon atoms. Specific degradations revealed that the activity present in alloimperatorin methyl ether (7) was present, in part, in the C₅ side chain and the methoxyl group. These results suggest that acetate is acting both as a C-l and as a C-2 source in this plant. Possible explanations are presented. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Montana, 2007. / Title from title screen. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 21, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77).

The Beaverhead Group records coarse-grained, conglomeratic deposition in the northwestern foredeep of the Cordilleran foreland basin. In the northeastern portion of the study area, it unconformably overlies and is deformed by the Laramide-style Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift. To the west, it is deformed by and structurally juxtaposed against Paleozoic and Mesozoic passive margin strata in the Sevier-style fold-thrust belt. Previous work on limited palynomorph samples suggests Coniacian-Campanian (~89-72 Ma) depositional ages while structural and stratigraphic relationships additionally suggest Maastrichtian-Lower Cenozoic depositional ages. Previous work based on clast compositions implies that units involved in deformation related to both the Sevier thrust belt and Laramide-style Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift were the primary sediment sources to the Beaverhead Group. This study aims to better define the depositional age and provenance of the Beaverhead Group by utilizing U-Pb dating of detrital zircons in combination with conglomerate clast compositions and sandstone petrography. Maximum depositional ages based on the ages of youngest single grains range from ~83-66 Ma (Campanian-Maastrichtian). Provenance analysis for various units of the Beaverhead Group suggest local and/or distal sediment sources, with the former encompassing the Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift and local portions of the Sevier thrust belt and the latter including distal portions of the Sevier thrust belt. Maximum depositional ages in conjunction with provenance interpretations require that the Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift was actively exhuming at ~81 Ma and that the Sevier thrust belt was locally active from ~83-66 Ma. Distally sourced sediments from the Belt Supergroup of Idaho suggest that a paleoriver system connected regional sources to Beaverhead Group depocenters from at least ~83-66 Ma.

The collection of works includes two short stories (“Sine Die”; “Revolutionaries”) and excerpts from the novel, Milk River. The pieces feature Montana women haunted by mothers past and present, amid the colonialist echoes of the western landscape. Questions of inheritance, the quiet rebellion of women, and what it means to possess land itself recur.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 111-113.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: Pauline K. Eversmann, Winterthur Program in Early American Culture. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marques_mf_dr_arafcf.pdf: 489556 bytes, checksum: 3a823a4709ec5fb7e7742d4749cdba7f (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A resposta imunológica engloba amplo contexto envolvendo várias células, sendo o macrófago uma das mais importantes na resposta imune-celular. Os macrófagos peritoneais quando ativados liberam mais de cem compostos ao meio extracelular, entre eles os compostos reativos de oxigênio e de nitrogênio, além das citocinas: fator de necrose tumoral-a (TNF-a), interferon-g (IFN-g) e interleucinas (IL-1, 4, 6 e 12). Existem vários estímulos à membrana macrofágica que podem desencadear a liberação de NO, contribuindo para uma ação antimicrobiana, inflamatória, vasodilatadora, neurotransmissora, ou até mesmo de citotoxicidade ou inibição/ativação linfocitária e da agregação de plaquetas. Atualmente há uma forte tendência em se estudar produtos naturais quanto à capacidade de atuação no sistema imunológico. Os medicamentos homeopáticos, conhecidos há mais de 210 anos, visam à ativação das próprias defesas do organismo para eliminar a doença. Estudos baseados em cultivos obtidos de macrófagos podem ser úteis para um melhor entendimento da resposta imunológica. Considerando a importância farmacológica de Arnica montana L. (Asteraceae), planta originária das regiões montanhosas do norte da Europa, este estudo avaliou a liberação de H2O2, NO, TNF-a, IFN-g e IL-1, 4, 6 e 12 no sistema imunológico através de macrófagos peritoneais expostos a preparações fitoterápicas e homeopáticas desta planta. Os resultados mostraram que a Arnica montana L. foi capaz de promover a liberação de NO, TNF-a, IFN-g e IL-6. As preparações homeopáticas também apresentaram um efeito inibitório na produção de NO e TNF-a induzida pelo LPS. A análise dos resultados deste trabalho sugere que a Arnica montana L. pode modular a ativação dos macrófagos. / The immunological response includes wide context involving several cells, being the macrophage one of the most important in the cellular immune response. The peritoneal macrophages when activated they liberate more than a hundred compound to the environment extracellular, among them compound reactive of the oxygen and nitrogen and the tumoral necrosis factor -a (TNF-a), gamma-interferon and interleukynes. The nitric oxide (NO) it is synthesized by several cellular types through isoforms of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS). The enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) it produces NO starting from activators mechanisms macrophages. Several incentives to the membrane macrophagical that can unchain the liberation of NO, contributing to actions antibacterial, inflammatory, vasodilatation, neurotransmission, or even of citotoxicity or inhibition/activation of lymphocytes. Now there is a strong tendency in studying natural products with relationship to the capacity of performance in the immune system. Macrophages are involved in many different processes but their main function is to provide a defense line against microbial invasion and tumor cells. Once homeopathic medications are aimed at activation of the body's own defense mechanisms to fight an existing disease, assays based in macrophages culture may be useful to enlighten some questions. Considering the pharmacological importance of Arnica montana L. this study evaluated the action of NO in the immune system through peritoneal macrophages exposed to the preparations of this plant. The results showed that some of the tested preparations were capable to promote the liberation of NO, TNF-a, INF- e IL-6 in cultures of peritoneal macrophages murine. A relationship among the synthesis of NO and TNF- was observed. Analyzing the results, it is suggested that preparations of Arnica montana L. can modulate macrophage activation.

M.Tech.