No / This study investigated and characterised transdermal permeation of bioactive agents from a topically applied Arnica montana tincture. Permeation experiments conducted over 48 h used polydimethylsiloxane (silastic) and human epidermal membranes mounted in Franz-type diffusion cells with a methanol-water (50:50 v/v) receptor fluid. A commercially available tincture of A. montana L. derived from dried Spanish flower heads was a donor solution. Further donor solutions prepared from this stock tincture concentrated the tincture constituents 1, 2 and 10 fold and its sesquiterpene lactones 10 fold. Permeants were assayed using a high-performance liquid chromatography method. Five components permeated through silastic membranes providing peaks with relative retention factors to an internal standard (santonin) of 0.28, 1.18, 1.45, 1.98 and 2.76, respectively. No permeant was detected within 12 h of applying the Arnica tincture onto human epidermal membranes. However, after 12 h, the first two of these components were detected. These were shown by Zimmermann reagent reaction to be sesquiterpene lactones and liquid chromatography/diode array detection/mass spectrometry indicated that these two permeants were 11,13-dihydrohelenalin (DH) analogues (methacrylate and tiglate esters). The same two components were also detected within 3 h of topical application of the 10-fold concentrated tincture and the concentrated sesquiterpene lactone extract.

No description available.

Typescript (photocopy).

Esta revisão de literatura teve como principal objetivo, coletar o maior número de dados sobre o medicamento homeopático Arnica montana referentes a pós-operatórios cirúrgicos, que avaliaram dor e edema. Como as pesquisas são acompanhadas de outras mensurações como hemorragia, trismo, atividade antibacteriana e redutor de ansiedade pós-operatórios, incluíram-se alguns comentários a respeito. Sob nosso ponto de vista, existe uma imensa quantidade de informações que está longe de resolver a dúvida que paira sobre a utilização deste medicamento. Até o presente momento, existem duas correntes: os crentes na Homeopatia e os indecisos. Elementos que parecem comprovador são a eficácia do medicamento entre aqueles que possuem experiência clínica, e efeitos reais em indivíduos “sensíveis". Esta revisão foi capaz de comprovar que um grande número de autores é favorável à utilização do medicamento homeopático Arnica montana atuando sobre a dor e edema pós-operatórios em cirurgia. Que a homeopatia funciona, não existem dúvidas; entretanto se faz necessário uma padronização das pesquisas entre aqueles que utilizam a homeopatia. / Homeopathy remains one of the most controversial subjects in therapeutics. A systematic review, evaluate the use of Arnica montana in postoperative maxillofacial surgery when attempting to relieve pain and swelling. We conclude that the effects of Arnica are beneficial but they are better when used in association with others homeopathic drugs or by surgeons who have general clinical experience or by those who believe in effects of these drugs (either patients and surgeons). Although there are no records about this kind of research, there is no doubt that homeopathy works, it is just that we do not know exactly how. This issue merits further investigation.

In March, 1973, the legislature of the State of Montana enacted a bill establishing protective services for developmentally disabled persons (H.B. 350) (see Appendix). Implementation of this act was assigned to the Family and Adult Services Bureau, Division of Community Services, Social and Rehabilitation Services. It is the intent of this research paper to describe that implementation of a social services law, using systems analysis approaches to the task.

In recent years the separation between ethnographic research and the ethnographic text have continued to collapse. No longer is the anthropologist the sole authority on determining the native's point of view. Anthropologists are now writing within newer collaborative frameworks-newer frameworks that continue to challenge who has the right to speak for whom. This shift in ethnographic writing allows us to explore culture even more deeply through the process of obtaining narratives that focus on dialoguing the encounter between ethnographer and consultant. With this developing ethnographic moment in mind, this thesis explored through the use of collaboratively-constructed ethnographic narratives the juxtaposition of a family's identity and its place within the context of a larger community identity. In the final analysis, the narratives brought to light a symbiotic connection that exists between family, community, and the larger world. / Department of Anthropology

Graduation date: 1994

Esta revisão de literatura teve como principal objetivo, coletar o maior número de dados sobre o medicamento homeopático Arnica montana referentes a pós-operatórios cirúrgicos, que avaliaram dor e edema. Como as pesquisas são acompanhadas de outras mensurações como hemorragia, trismo, atividade antibacteriana e redutor de ansiedade pós-operatórios, incluíram-se alguns comentários a respeito. Sob nosso ponto de vista, existe uma imensa quantidade de informações que está longe de resolver a dúvida que paira sobre a utilização deste medicamento. Até o presente momento, existem duas correntes: os crentes na Homeopatia e os indecisos. Elementos que parecem comprovador são a eficácia do medicamento entre aqueles que possuem experiência clínica, e efeitos reais em indivíduos “sensíveis”. Esta revisão foi capaz de comprovar que um grande número de autores é favorável à utilização do medicamento homeopático Arnica montana atuando sobre a dor e edema pós-operatórios em cirurgia. Que a homeopatia funciona, não existem dúvidas; entretanto se faz necessário uma padronização das pesquisas entre aqueles que utilizam a homeopatia. / Homeopathy remains one of the most controversial subjects in therapeutics. A systematic review, evaluate the use of Arnica montana in postoperative maxillofacial surgery when attempting to relieve pain and swelling. We conclude that the effects of Arnica are beneficial but they are better when used in association with others homeopathic drugs or by surgeons who have general clinical experience or by those who believe in effects of these drugs (either patients and surgeons). Although there are no records about this kind of research, there is no doubt that homeopathy works, it is just that we do not know exactly how. This issue merits further investigation.

No description available.

Typescript (photocopy).