Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:06:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4608_1.pdf: 4183758 bytes, checksum: 94e1b7de37d386a5836c3a5cc0534e92 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Os Myxomycetes reúnem cerca de 870 espécies, sendo 1/3 cosmopolitas, ocupando diferentes ecossistemas, em todos os continentes. As espécies são classificadas de acordo com os substratos onde esporulam, encontrados em diversos tipos de vegetação. A freqüência e a abundância das espécies variam conforme as condições do ambiente. Dentre as áreas de interesse para a pesquisa taxonômicoecológica da mixobiota brasileira incluem-se os Brejos de altitude, enclaves de floresta úmida na Caatinga. O único artigo sobre Myxomycetes dos Brejos nordestinos relata 21 espécies, todas para Pernambuco. Considerando que as publicações sobre a mixobiota da Paraíba relacionam apenas 34 espécies, ocorrentes em Floresta Ombrófila de Terras Baixas, objetivou-se ampliar o conhecimento da mixobiota de Brejo de Altitude, efetuando um estudo na Área de Preservação Permanente Mata do Pau Ferro-APPMPF (6° 58 12 S e 35° 42 15 W, 400 m - 650 m). Os espécimes de campo e câmara úmida foram obtidos em seis excursões com dois dias de duração cada, realizadas entre junho e dezembro de 2005, explorando três trilhas, em transectos de 100 m comp. e 15 m 35 m larg. Exsicatas foram depositadas no herbário UFP. Os 753 espécimes obtidos representam as Ceratiomyxomycetidae, Myxogastromycetidae e Stemonitomycetidae e suas ordens. Com base no estudo desenvolvido na APPMPF, três artigos foram produzidos, onde são apresentadas descrições de cada espécie, acompanhadas de comentários taxonômicos e ecológicos e a distribuição geográfica no Brasil. O primeiro artigo descreve 11 novos registros para a mixobiota paraibana e apresenta Metatrichia floriformis como nova referência para o Nordeste e Macbrideola scintillans para o Brasil; o segundo trata das Physarales, das quais constituem nova referência para a Paraíba o gênero Fuligo e as espécies Diderma hemisphaericum, Didymium clavus, D. nigripes (Didymiaceae); Fuligo septica, Physarum echinosporum, P. pulcherrimum e P. viride (Physaraceae); o terceiro deles, além de fornecer a lista das 48 espécies, analisa a riqueza e abundância e caracteriza a mixobiota, revelando que 12,5% das espécies são constantes, 27% acessórias e 60,4% se enquadraram como acidentais, com diferentes padrões de sazonalidade, relacionados com a pluviosidade. Trichiaceae é a família mais importante da mixobiota estudada, pela sua diversidade taxonômica, constância e abundância

M.Tech. / Haemostasis is an internal mechanism to stop bleeding from a damaged blood vessel. Conceptually this process occurs in a number of essential steps following tissue injury. Although the herbal preparation of Arnica montana has been well documented for its tendency to prolong bleeding, according to the Law of Similars, homeopathically prepared Arnica montana 6C is well indicated for traumatic injuries and post surgical bruising. Arnica montana 6C can be used when there is mechanical trauma that causes wounds, haemorrhages, haematomas, sore-bruised bone and muscular pains, inflammations, fractures, muscular strains and sprains. The remedy is often prescribed before and immediately after surgery to reduce post-operative pain and to speed up recuperation. Three in vitro studies conducted at the Technikon Witwatersrand (now the University of Johannesburg) on various potencies of homeopathically prepared Arnica montana showed lowered overall coagubility of blood, but no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Bengsch (2000), Hohl (2005), Vermeulen (2000) and van Tonder (2005) recommended that studies on the effect of homeopathically prepared Arnica montana on blood coagulability be repeated in vivo. This study formed part of a three part in vivo study to determine the effect of Arnica montana homeopathic preparations on blood coagulation by measuring the Bleeding Time (BT), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aP'TT) and Prothrombin Time (PT). This study investigated the effect of Arnica montana 6C on these measurements. Eighty participants were allocated a participant number and randomised by the research supervisor into four groups of twenty participants. Twenty participants were in the placebo group that was shared by all three studies. Twenty participants were allocated to the experimental group for this study. The study was conducted over a period of two weeks at the University of Johannesburg (UJ) Doomfontein Campus Homeopathy Health Centre. Consenting participants were screened by means of a questionnaire (Appendix D) regarding relevant medical history and other background information. A case history was taken and a physical examination was performed. Any prospective participants that were diagnosed with and/or suffer from hypertension, hypotension, heart disease, a iii bleeding disorder, anaemia, iron or any vitamin deficiency, liver disease, malaria or are currently on aspirin or anticoagulants (Appendix D) were excluded from the study. The bleeding time was measured by a trained medical technologist using a standardised bleeding time technique. Blood samples drawn by a phlebotomist went for coagulation tests comprising of aPTT and PT at the NHLS Main Haematology laboratory of the Johannesburg Hospital. Twenty participants were given a 25mL bottle of Arnica montana 6C in 20% ethanol. Twenty participants received an identical bottle containing only 20% ethanol. All participants were requested to take ten drops twice a day for two weeks. All three coagulation test measurements were performed again at the end of the second week. The BT, PT and aPTT results were analysed by using ordinary descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation. Changes over time in blood coagulation were ascertained utilising ANOVA (analysis of variance). The results showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group in BT, aPTT and PT. There was also no statistically significant difference between the first BT, PT and aPTT before medication and the second BT, PT and aPTT after two weeks of medication. The results of the study support the hypothesis that Arnica montana 6C would have no effect on the bleeding or coagulation times in vivo. These results support the view that prescribing the remedy before surgery is not likely to increase the post surgical risk of haemorrhage

M.Tech. (Homoeopathy) / Haemostasis is defined as the arrest of bleeding by formation of a haemostatic plug or clot. The herb Arnica montana interferes with this process thus resulting in increased bleeding. Homoeopathic physicians use Arnica montana in a potentised form for the treatment of post-operative swelling, pain and ecchymosis but little is known on what effect this potentised form of Arnica montana has on blood coagulation and bleeding time. This study forms part of a three part in vivo study to determine the effects of various homoeopathic potencies of Arnica montana on blood coagulation. This was done by measuring the Bleeding Time (BT), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) and the International Normalised Ratio (INR) of Prothrombin Time (PT). The aim of this particular study is to investigate the in vivo effect of Arnica montana 30C on blood coagulation and Bleeding Time. This study is a double blind, placebo controlled study that took place over a period of two weeks. A total sample group for the three part study consisted of eighty healthy participants between the ages of eighteen to thirty five. Consenting participants that met the criteria were randomised into four groups of twenty each. One group for each part of the three part study were the experimental group and one group was allocated to the placebo group that was shared by all three studies. BT was taken as well as blood samples which underwent coagulation tests (aPTT and INR). Twenty participants received Arnica montana 30C in 20% ethanol and twenty participants received an identical bottle containing 20% ethanol. After two weeks another blood sample was taken where all three coagulation test measurements were repeated. The results of the BT, INR and aPTT were analysed using Statkon Statistical Package for Social Sciences. This showed no statistical difference between the experimental or control group with regard to BT, INR and aPTT. The results indicate that Arnica montana 30C appears to have no effect on Bleeding Time..

A severe wildfire burned 454 hectares of a second-growth Douglas-fir forest in 1977 on a north-facing slope in Pattee Canyon, near Missoula, Montana. The slope was aerially seeded with a grass mixture, from which Dactylis glomerata established best. Community structure, conifer regeneration, and the impact of the seeded grass on the plant community were evaluated with two data sets. One set tracked postfire vegetation development from 1979 to 1987 on permanent transects established on upland sites in areas of varying fire severity. The second data set was collected in 1989 on upland sites nearest to the bum edge where conifer regeneration was expected to be greatest. Most stands converged to a similar ordination space by 1987, showing that several key species which established in the initial postfire year determined community structure. These species were largely on-site survivors (including Calamagrostis rubescens, Physocarpus malvaceus, and Spiraea betulifolia) and the seeded grass, D. glomerata. The spread of this species by 1987 to stands that apparently escaped seeding in 1977 suggested that this species may persist at this site. Patterns of species abundance and distribution in 1989 were primarily controlled by factors summarized by a topographic-moisture index and by pre-burn disturbance history. Three general site types were described by an ordination. Areas that appeared as open woodlands in 1937 occurred on ridges and had more xerophytic vegetation in 1989, including native grasses. Conifer regeneration in this region was limited primarily to Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir). Areas that appeared as an even, young forest in 1937 were on open slopes and were associated with Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine), Larix occidentalis (western larch), Vaccinum globulare, and Amelanchier alnifolia. Areas that appeared as an older, uneven-aged forest in 1937 were on open slopes near the upper burn edge and were characterized by Douglas-fir and Spiraea betulifolia in 1989. D. glomerata was more successful on the drier ridges and was negatively associated with Calamagrostis rubescens. Competition with C. rubescens, rather than differences in environmental tolerances, most likely restricted D. glomerata to the more xeric sites. An adverse effect of D. glomerata on conifer regeneration was most likely for western larch on xeric sites. Site factors and historical factors were most important in determining patterns of conifer regeneration. Regeneration was moderate on mesic slopes and sparse on xeric ridges. The extreme density of lodgepole pine regeneration (13,000 stems/hectare) in one mesic area reflected the importance of serotiny for post-fire regeneration of this species. Douglas-fir regeneration ranged from 370 stems/ha in a mesic area where no mature survivors were noted to 4045 stems/ha on a mesic slope near survivors. On mesic slopes near survivors, western larch regeneration was 857 stems/ha and was minimal elsewhere. A regression model confirmed the importance of site factors, site history, and availability of seed source for Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine. The model for western larch was only able to explain 14% of regeneration pattern, suggesting that microsite variation as well as other variables would be needed to predict regeneration for this species. / Graduation date: 1992

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I challenge the dualistic view of wilderness that has influenced wilderness philosophy, politics and experience in recent years. In its place, I offer an alternative vision that recognizes wilderness areas and working landscapes as complementary elements of a larger, inhabited landscape characterized by a heterogeneous mixture of human-land relational patterns representing various points along an urban-wilderness continuum. In chapters 2 through 4, I explore the philosophical, political and experiential implications of this wilderness-in-context vision. Experienced and understood as part of the landscape we call home, wilderness may engender, renew, and sustain an engaged and integrated wilderness practice involving regular contact with wilderness places, committed activism on behalf of wild lands and their inhabitants, and grounded reflection on the meaning and value of wilderness in our everyday lives.

Submitted by Gizele Lima (gizele.lima@inpa.gov.br) on 2017-11-06T14:02:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertaçao_Thailliny Moraes_2017.pdf: 16624371 bytes, checksum: a4d562352371a5381f5a9fcbf7623e33 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-06T14:02:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 dissertaçao_Thailliny Moraes_2017.pdf: 16624371 bytes, checksum: a4d562352371a5381f5a9fcbf7623e33 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas - FAPEAM / Disjoint savannas found within the Amazon rainforest have been interpreted as biogeographic evidence of expansion and retraction of this type of dry vegetation as a consequence of climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary Period. Little is known, however, about the diversity of isolated savannas in the Amazon and how the gene flow between savannas isolated from the Amazon and continuous savannas from Central Brazil varied in time and geographical space. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of the arboreal species Roupala montana was investigated in savanna areas of Central Brazil and in isolated savanna enclaves in the Brazilian Amazon. For this, genetic variation at three microsatellite loci and two non-coding regions (psbA /trnH and trnG /trnS) of the chloroplast genome were analysed. In total, 170 individuals from 25 populations of R. montana were sampled. It was found high genetic diversity which was evidenced by the occurrence of 39 haplotypes for microsatellites and 26 haplotypes for non-coding regions of the cpDNA. For the microsatellite data, only eight haplotypes were shared between the core savannas in Central Brazil and isolated Amazonian savannas. For cpDNA sequencing data, no haplotype sharing was found between the savannas of these two regions. The results suggest, the occurrence of long-term isolation among the Amazonian savannas and also between these and the savannas of Central Brazil. A high number of exclusive haplotypes and high genetic differentiation was evidenced for the populations of R. montana sampled. The disjoint savannas in the Amazon seems to have been colonized by lineages of R. montana from the "core" Central Brazil savannas, emphasizing that, there was a connection between these regions which probably allowed the dispersion of the species. Each set of isolated savanna fragment in the Amazon are redoubts of unique genetic lineages and the patterns of distribution of genetic variability found may serve as a basis for the definition of conservation strategies for Brazilian savannas in general. / Áreas de savana disjuntas encontradas dentro da floresta amazônica têm sido interpretadas como evidências biogeográficas de um processo de expansão e retração deste tipo de vegetação seca durante as flutuações climáticas no Período Quaternário. Pouco se sabe, no entanto, sobre a diversidade das savanas isoladas na Amazônia e como o fluxo gênico com as savanas contínuas do Brasil Central variaram no tempo e no espaço geográfico. Neste estudo, a diversidade genética e estrutura populacional da espécie arbórea Roupala montana foi investigada em áreas de savanas do Brasil Central e em enclaves de savanas na Amazônia. Para tal foi analisada a variabilidade genética em três locos microssatélites e duas regiões não codificadoras do genoma do cloroplasto (psbA/trnH e trnG/trnS). Ao todo 170 indivíduos pertencentes a 25 populações de R. montana foram amostrados. Foi encontrada uma elevada diversidade genética, evidenciada pela ocorrência de 39 haplótipos para microssatélites e 26 haplótipos para regiões não codificantes do cpDNA. Apenas oito haplótipos foram compartilhados entre populações do cerrado-central e cerrados amazônicos para dados microssatélites, nenhum compartilhamento de haplótipos entre essas duas regiões foi encontrado para os dados de sequências. Os resultados sugerem um isolamento de longo prazo entre as savanas amazônicas e também delas em relação as savanas do Brasil Central. Um alto número de haplótipos exclusivos e elevada diferenciação genética foi evidenciado para as populações de R. montana amostradas. Os dados também demonstram que as savanas isoladas da Amazônia foram colonizadas por linhagens de R. montana oriundas da região “core” das savanas do Brasil Central, enfatizando que houve um conexão entre essas regiões o que provavelmente permitiu a dispersão da espécie. Cada conjunto de fragmento de savana isolado na Amazônia são redutos de linhagens genéticas únicas e os padrões de distribuição da variabilidade genética encontrados podem servir como embasamento para definição de estratégias de conservação para savanas brasileiras em geral.

This research traces the nature and impetus of agricultural landscape change from 1910 to 1990, within the northwestern transboundary plains of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan and northern Montana. Using information gleaned from aerial photographs, field survey reports and maps, government staff personal correspondence, agricultural statistics, land settlement records, and local histories, this dissertation describes an evolutionary and regionally-contextual process of landscape transformation. The temporal pattern of landscape change in the northwestern plains region was not linear. The greatest landscape changes took place between 1910 and 1930 when mixed grass prairie was converted to an agricultural landscape over a relatively short breaking-in period that followed initial agricultural settlement. After 1930, landscape changes were more evolutionary. Incrementally, more land was tilled, with little alteration in basic field arrangement and farming systems. Aerial photographic evidence suggests that a common declensionist historiographical narrative of Great Plains anthropogenic land degradation, culminating in the 1930s drought disaster, doesn’t apply to the northwestern plains. Rather, the timing of settlement, coinciding with widespread adoption of farm-based mechanization, and a pre-existing understanding of environmental limits to agricultural viability, impelled northwestern plains farmers to independently adopt scale economy and efficiency principles promoted by government agricultural economists from the 1920s to the 1980s. Furthermore, farmers adapted specifically to regional land and weather conditions using locally-derived soil management innovations. Farmers and in-the-field federal government staff cooperated on research that led to the spread of innovative and successful dryland farming techniques. Government agents of both Canada and the United States played an important role in testing and publicizing the local adaptations. This work establishes a new timeline for northern Great Plains history and reveals the importance of regional context in place history. In the northwestern plains region, the 1930s were not a turning point in the agricultural land use history, but rather a time marker coinciding with the maturing of a highly-mechanized, scaled-up, and responsive ‘modern’ agricultural system.