• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 18
  • 9
  • 5
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 34
  • 17
  • 16
  • 15
  • 10
  • 10
  • 8
  • 8
  • 8
  • 6
  • 6
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • 5
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A multi-proxy provenance approach and depositional age constraints for the Upper Cretaceous Beaverhead Group, Southwest Montana

Garber, Kacey Lynn 01 May 2019 (has links)
The Beaverhead Group records coarse-grained, conglomeratic deposition in the northwestern foredeep of the Cordilleran foreland basin. In the northeastern portion of the study area, it unconformably overlies and is deformed by the Laramide-style Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift. To the west, it is deformed by and structurally juxtaposed against Paleozoic and Mesozoic passive margin strata in the Sevier-style fold-thrust belt. Previous work on limited palynomorph samples suggests Coniacian-Campanian (~89-72 Ma) depositional ages while structural and stratigraphic relationships additionally suggest Maastrichtian-Lower Cenozoic depositional ages. Previous work based on clast compositions implies that units involved in deformation related to both the Sevier thrust belt and Laramide-style Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift were the primary sediment sources to the Beaverhead Group. This study aims to better define the depositional age and provenance of the Beaverhead Group by utilizing U-Pb dating of detrital zircons in combination with conglomerate clast compositions and sandstone petrography. Maximum depositional ages based on the ages of youngest single grains range from ~83-66 Ma (Campanian-Maastrichtian). Provenance analysis for various units of the Beaverhead Group suggest local and/or distal sediment sources, with the former encompassing the Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift and local portions of the Sevier thrust belt and the latter including distal portions of the Sevier thrust belt. Maximum depositional ages in conjunction with provenance interpretations require that the Blacktail-Snowcrest uplift was actively exhuming at ~81 Ma and that the Sevier thrust belt was locally active from ~83-66 Ma. Distally sourced sediments from the Belt Supergroup of Idaho suggest that a paleoriver system connected regional sources to Beaverhead Group depocenters from at least ~83-66 Ma.
2

Age and Origin of the Merrimack Terrane, Southeastern New England: A Detrital Zircon U-Pb Geochronology Study

Sorota, Kristin Joy January 2013 (has links)
Thesis advisor: J C. Hepburn / Thesis advisor: Yvette D. Kuiper / Metasedimentary rocks of the Merrimack terrane (MT) originated as a thick cover sequence on Ganderia consisting of sandstones, calcareous sandstones, pelitic rocks and turbidites. In order to investigate the age, provenance and stratigraphic order of these rocks and correlations with adjoining terranes, detrital zircon suites from 7 formations across the MT along a NNE-trending transect from east-central Massachusetts to SE New Hampshire were analyzed by U-Pb LA-ICP-MS methods on 90-140 grains per sample. The youngest detrital zircons in the western units, the Worcester, Oakdale and Paxton Formations, are ca. 438 Ma while those in the Kittery, Eliot and Berwick Formations in the northeast are ca. 426 Ma. The Tower Hill Formation previously interpreted to form the easternmost unit of the MT in MA, has a distinctly different zircon distribution with its youngest zircon population in the Cambrian. All samples except for the Tower Hill Formation have detrital zircon age distributions with significant peaks in the mid-to late Ordovician, similar abundances of early Paleozoic and late Neoproterozoic zircons, significant input from ~1.0 to ~1.8 Ga sources and limited Archean grains. The similarities in zircon provenance suggest that all units across the terrane, except for the Tower Hill Formation, belong to a single sequence of rocks, with similar sources and with the units in the NE possibly being somewhat younger than those in east-central Massachusetts. The continuous zircon age distributions observed throughout the Mesoproterozoic and late Paleoproterozoic are consistent with an Amazonian source. All samples, except the Tower Hill Formation, show sedimentary input from both Ganderian and Laurentian sources and suggest that Laurentian input increases as the maximum depositional age decreases. / Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Geology and Geophysics.
3

The Dynamics of the Late Neogene Antarctic Ice Sheets in the Central Ross Sea using a Multianalytical Approach

Mallery, Christopher Wallace 06 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / With the goal of determining ice sheet history in the central Ross Sea since the late Miocene, the provenance of glacial till from IODP expedition 374 site U1522 was assessed using a suite of three analyses. A total of 3,869 zircons, between 250-63 microns in size, from sixteen different cores were measured for U-Pb isotopes via LA-ICP-MS. Zircon data was compared to neodymium isotope and clast lithology datasets from collaborators. Site U1522 shows three distinct provenance shifts from the late Miocene to the Pleistocene, two of which are coincident with Ross Sea Unconformities three and two. Late Miocene samples have abundant Cretaceous zircon populations, radiogenic neodymium values, and clasts interpreted as having a West Antarctic provenance. In latest Miocene samples, zircons are mostly Ross Orogeny age (c. 470 615 Ma) and Cretaceous zircon grains are almost absent, neodymium values are relatively un radiogenic, and dolerite clasts are present signaling a shift to East Antarctic derived ice. Above Ross Sea Unconformity 3, early to mid Pliocene samples show a shift back to West Antarctic provenance with abundant Cretaceous zircons and more radiogenic neodymium values. Late Pliocene to Pleistocene samples, deposited above Ross Sea Unconformity 2, reflect dominant East Antarctic provenance with few Cretaceous zircon dates, relatively un radiogenic neodymium values, and the presence of dolerite clasts. These data are broadly in agreement with ice sheet interpretations suggested by clast analysis from ANDRILL site AND-1B. Permo-Triassic zircon dates suggest the presence of unexposed bedrock of this age beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet based on their association with Cretaceous dates that have not been reported from East Antarctica. The zircon dataset also reveals two late Miocene intervals with a previously undocumented Eocene Oligocene magmatic event ~30 40 Ma. The coexistence of Cretaceous dates in these intervals suggests a likely West Antarctic source. The absence of Eocene Oligocene zircons in subsequent Plio Pleistocene sediments may be explained by substantial erosion and offshore deposition of the West Antarctic interior, including volcanic edifices following the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition.
4

Les isotopes de l'hafnium dans les TTG et leurs zircons : témoins de la croissance des premiers continents / Hafnium isotopes in TTGs and their zircons : witnesses of the growth of first continents

Guitreau, Martin 08 June 2012 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse présente des analyses isotopiques Lu-Hf par MC-ICP-MS combinées de zircons ignés et de roches totales d’une importante collection de granitoïdes archéens appartenant à la suite des Tonalite-Trondhjémite-Granodiorite (TTG) afin d’apporter un regard nouveau sur la croissance de la croûte continentale et tout particulièrement dans le début de l’histoire de la Terre. Nos données indiquent un bon accord général entre les zircons ignés, mesurés par ablation-laser et par solution, avec leurs roche-hôtes. Nous démontrons que le rapport Lu/Hf intégré dans le temps de la source mantellique des TTG est près de la valeur chondritique et n’a pas significativement changée au cours des 4 derniers milliards d’années. Par conséquent, les continents se sont formés à partir d’un matériel primitif non fractionné extrait du manteau profond par l’intermédiaire de panaches qui après fusion partielle ont laissés un résidu appauvri dans le manteau supérieur. Les cristaux de zircon extraits des TTG ont des compositions isotopiques en Hf cohérentes au sein d’une même population alors que le système U-Pb, dans les mêmes grains, est souvent perturbé résultant ainsi en l’obtention de valeurs d’εHf initial erronées. Ce problème est endémique aux cristaux de zircon détritiques archéens et en accord avec des résultats expérimentaux sur la mobilité préférentielle de l’Hf en fonction de celle de l’U et du Pb au sein du zircon. Nous suggérons que ce problème biaise l’enregistrement détritique archéen en faveur de valeurs d’εHf initial négatives qui contrastent avec les valeurs obtenues pour les TTG mais peuvent être expliquées par l’utilisation d’âges 207Pb/206Pb non-magmatiques. Si l’on considère les cristaux de zircon de Jack Hills au vu de ces résultats, la source des continents serait restée inchangée depuis 4,3 Ga. / This PhD thesis presents combined whole-rock and single zircon MC-ICP-MS Lu-Hf isotope data for a large collection of Archean granitoids belonging to typical Tonalite-Trondhjemite-Granodiorite (TTG) suites. The data were collected in an attempt to shed new light on early crustal growth. Our data display overall good agreement between Hf isotope compositions of igneous zircons, measured by both laser-ablation and solution chemistry, and their host-rocks. It is shown that the time-integrated Lu/Hf of the mantle source of TTGs is near-chronditic and has not significantly changed over the last 4 Gy. Continents therefore most likely grew from nearly primordial unfractionated material extracted from the deep mantle via rising plumes that left a depleted melt residue in the upper mantle. Zircons extracted from the analyzed TTGs have Hf isotopic compositions broadly consistent within populations, whereas the U-Pb system in the same grains is often disturbed, causing spurious initial εHf values. This problem is endemic to the Archean detrital zircon record and consistent with experimental results bearing on the relative retentivity of Hf vs. U and Pb in zircon. We argue that this behavior biases the Archean zircon record towards negative εHf values, which are at odds with the present TTG data set but can be explained by zircons having non-magmatic 207Pb/206Pb ages. If the Hadean Jack Hills zircons are considered in light of these results, the mantle source of continents has remained unchanged for the last 4.3 Gy.
5

Géologie, géochimie et géochronologie du gisement aurifère de Tamlalt-Menhouhou (Haut-Atlas oriental) / Geology, geochemistry and geochronology of the tamlalt-menhouhou gold deposit (easterrn high-atlas)

Pelleter, Ewan 23 May 2007 (has links)
Le gisement aurifère de Tamlalt-Menhouhou se situe sur la bordure sud de la boutonnière paléozoïque de Tamlalt (Haut-Atlas oriental), jouxtant la limite entre la chaîne du Haut-Atlas et la chaîne de l'Anti-Atlas. Les minéralisations sont encaissées dans des formations volcano-sédimentaires de l'Ediacarien (âge U/Pb : 569 ± 8 Ma). Deux minéralisations aurifères ont pu être identifiées : (i) une minéralisation aurifère primaire de type "Iron Oxide Copper Gold deposit" (IOCG) associée à un altération sodique (± calcique) caractérisée par un enrichissement en Au, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, As, Sb, ± Bi, et (ii) une minéralisation aurifère secondaire de type "Shear zone related gold deposit" associée aux altérations argilleuses et phylliteuses localisées le long des décro-chevauchements. L'étude détaillée à la microsonde ionique effectuée sur les zircons hydrothermaux génétiquement associés au phénomène d'albitisation permet d'obtenir un âge Ordovicien supérieur (449 ± 8 Ma) pour la minéralisation aurifère primaire. Cet âge est confirmé par la datation 40Ar/39Ar sur deux mono-grains de muscovites et souligne le potentiel des zircons à enregistrer des évènements hydrothermaux, et leur intérêt en métallogénie. La minéralisation aurifère secondaire est datée au Stéphano-autunien (293 ± 7 Ma) par géochronologie 40Ar/39Ar sur des phengites associées à l'altération argilleuse et phylliteuse et aux veines de quartz aurifères. Cet âge souligne l'importance de cette orogenèse pour la remobilisation de pré-concentrations métallifères. / The Tamlalt-Menhouhou gold deposit is located on the southern edge of the Neoprotérozoic-Palaeozoic Tamlalt inlier (Eastern High-Atlas), just north of the limit between the High-Atlas belt and the Anti-Atlas belt. Mineralizations are enclosed in Ediacaran volcano-sedimentary formations (U/Pb age: 569 ± 8 Ma). Two different gold mineralizations were identified: (i) a primary gold mineralization of the type “Iron Oxide Copper Gold deposit” (IOCG) characterized by a strong sodic (± calcic) alteration and (ii) a secondary gold mineralization corresponding to a “Shear zone related gold deposit” and related to a strong argillic and phyllic alteration localized along the shear faults. A detailed ion microprobe study of hydrothermal zircons genetically associated with albitization provide a Late Ordovician age (449 ± 8 Ma) for primary gold mineralization. This age is confirmed by 40Ar/39Ar dating of two muscovite mono-grains, and underscores the potential of zircons to record hydrothermal events, and the interest of these phases for metallogeny. A Late Variscan age (293 ± 7 Ma) is defined by 40Ar/39Ar analysis of phengites from the phyllic alteration synchronous with auriferous quartz vein development, and which is assumed to represent the age of gold mineralization. This age demonstrates the consequences of the Variscan orogeny for the re-mobilization of metalliferous pre-concentrations.
6

Using U-Pb Dating of Detrital Zircons to Determine Major Ice Stream Flow History in the Weddell Sea Embayment, Antarctica

Agrios, Liana Marie 08 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Tills from major ice streams (Institute, Foundation, Academy, Recovery, and Slessor) of the Weddell Sea Embayment contain detrital zircons with distinct U-Pb age populations that can be used as a provenance tool to better understand ice stream dynamics. U-Pb ages of detrital zircons were measured in 21 samples of onshore till, erratics, and bedrock of potential source rocks, and 12 samples of offshore till. Grains were analyzed by LA-ICPMS at the University of Arizona (n=5447). Relative probability U-Pb age density plots of till in moraines along the Institute Ice Stream have dominant Grenville (1070 Ma) and secondary Ross/Pan-African peaks (560 Ma, 630 Ma). The Foundation and Academy show prominent Ross/Pan-African peaks (500-530 Ma and 615-650 Ma). The Recovery transports zircons with prominent 530 Ma and 635 Ma peaks along the southern margin, and 1610 and 1770 Ma along the northern margin. The Slessor carries zircons with prominent populations at 1710 Ma and secondary 2260-2420 Ma. U-Pb ages in zircons from offshore till samples show a general trend of fewer Mesozoic ages from west to east. The western most core, PS 1423, has dominant Jurassic populations while cores 1197 and 1278 have a high proportion of early Ross/Pan-African ages relative to Grenville ages. The similar zircon age distributions between PS 1278 and the Foundation Ice Stream tills suggest that the Foundation switched to an easterly flow path around Berkner Island (BI) at some point during the LGM. In the eastern Weddell Sea (PS 1400), there was a near absence of Proterozoic zircon age populations carried by the Slessor and northern side of the Recovery. Another unexpected find was a lack of Grenville ages in PS 1423 relative to the Institute tills. The U-Pb data in this study provides a basis for two possible LGM ice flow reconstructions. In the first, the Institute flowed west around the unnamed isolated bedrock highs, deposited tills between PS 1423 and PS 1197, providing a westerly flow path around BI for the Foundation. In the second, the Institute flows over the subglacial topography and deposited till closer to PS 1197, forcing the Foundation east around BI.
7

RECONSTRUCTING PAST ANTARCTIC ICE FLOW PATHS IN THE ROSS EMBAYMENT, ANTARCTICA USING SAND PETROGRAPHY, PARTICLE SIZE AND DETRITAL ZIRCON PROVENANCE

Schilling, Andrea J. 03 May 2010 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Tills for this study were analyzed from sites in East Antarctica (EA), West Antarctica (WA) and along a transect in the Ross Sea. Particle size, sand petrography, and detrital zircons were used to provide new information on the subglacial geology of Antarctica, as well as assisting in the reconstruction of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) ice flow paths. Statistical analyses using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S test) reveal that EA and WA zircon age distributions are distinct at a P-value <0.05. This makes it possible to trace the unique signatures from EA and WA into the Ross Sea.
8

Forearc basin detrital zircon provenance of Mesozoic terrane accretion and translation, Talkeetna Mountains-Matanuska Valley, south-central Alaska

Reid, Mattie Morgan 01 May 2017 (has links)
The Wrangellia composite terrane is one of the largest fragments of juvenile crust added to the North American continent since Mesozoic time, and refining its accretionary history has important implications for understanding how continents grow. New U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from Late Jurassic-Late Cretaceous strata from the forearc of the Wrangellia composite terrane allows more insight on the tectonic and paleogeographic history of the terrane. Our stratigraphically oldest samples from the Late Jurassic Naknek Formation have a detrital zircon U-Pb signature dominated by Early and Late Jurassic grains (195-190 Ma; 153-147 Ma). Hf isotopic compositions of these grains are juvenile to intermediate (εHf(t)=4.5-14.7). Disconformably above the Naknek Formation are two poorly understood units Ks and Kc. The Ks unit is dominated by Early to Late Jurassic grains (159-154 Ma) with a few Paleozoic grains (347-340 Ma). Hf isotopic compositions of Carboniferous-Jurassic grains are juvenile to intermediate (εHf(t)=6.0-18.8). The overlying Kc unit has Late to Early Jurassic zircons (198-161 Ma), and an increase in Paleozoic ages (374-323 Ma). Hf isotopic compositions of these grains are juvenile to intermediate (εHf(t)=4.5-14.7). Samples from the Matanuska Formation have major Late Cretaceous grains (90-71 Ma), and minor Early Cretaceous (137-106 Ma), Late to Early Jurassic (200-153 Ma), Paleozoic (367-277 Ma), and Precambrian grains (2597-1037 Ma). Hf compositions have a wider range from both the Late Cretaceous grains (εHf(t)=-1.5-14.9) and Paleozoic-Precambrian grains (εHf(t)=-23.7-16.3). Our results suggest an evolving provenance from Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous time for the Wrangellia composite terrane forearc basin. The Late Jurassic Naknek Formation samples were dominantly derived from a juvenile to intermediate Jurassic igneous sediment source. During Early Cretaceous time, there is a slight increase in the number of Paleozoic grains in the Ks and Kc unit samples. The Early Cretaceous sediments have a mostly positive Hf isotopic compositions suggesting exhumation of Jurassic and Paleozoic juvenile igneous sediment sources. By Late Cretaceous time, our data illustrates another increase in Paleozoic grain abundances, in addition to the introduction of Precambrian grains, all with widely variable Hf isotopic compositions. We interpret this to reflect a larger sediment flux from the interior of Alaska where more evolved igneous rocks of that age are found.
9

Tephrochronologie de la Colombie centrale (departement d'Antioquia et Abanico de Pereira) : une approche stratigraphique, géochimique, minéralogique et géochronologique (par 14C et traces de fission)

Toro Villegas, Gloria 12 January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Dans les départements d'Antioquia et de Risaralda (Colombie centrale), les formations superficielles sont de type volcano-détritique. Les unités les plus anciennes sont indurées, diaclasées et faillées. Les unités plus récentes, ou " tephras supérieurs ", qui les surmontent, atteignent au plus 1 m d'épaisseur. Dans le département d'Antioquia (altiplano et vallée d'Aburra), sur la Cordillère Centrale andine, l'étude des minéraux lourds et la datation des tephras par traces de fission (TF) sur zircons et 14C montrent que les formations superficielles ne se sont déposées sur le bâti crétacé à précambrien qu'à partir du Pliocène supérieur. La datation par TF permet en outre de dater diverses formations sédimentaires (paléolacs, terrasses fluviatiles, " stone line "), et un événement tectonique (formation de la vallée d'Aburra). Pour les tephras supérieurs, la détermination des minéraux lourds permet d'établir une stratigraphie reconnaissable dans tout l' altiplano. La datation par TF et 14C situe ces tephras entre 0,44 Ma et, pour leur unité supérieure, sur laquelle se développent les sols actuels, 20 à 30 ka. La période d'activité du massif volcanique du Ruiz-Tolima, situé à 80 km au sud du département d'Antioquia, date essentiellement du plio-quatemaire, jusqu'à l'actuel. Elle correspond à celle enregistrée dans les tephras d'Antioquia et le Ruiz-Tolima pourrait donc être la source des tephras d'Antioquia. Les âges des zircons de socle (provenant de saprolites ou de formations superficielles) sont presque toujours crétacé supérieur-paléocènes, ou dans le sud, tertiaires, témoignant du refroidissement au-dessous d'environ 250°C de leur matériel d'origine (batholite antioquenio mésozoïque, son encaissant métamorphique, ou des intrusions plus récentes). Dans un échantillon, des âges TF jurassiques montrent que localement le socle paléozoïque a été maintenu, depuis au moins 185 Ma, à des températures <300°C. Dans le département de Risaralda, situé juste à l'ouest du Ruiz-Tolima, sur le flanc ouest de la Cordillère Centrale "( abanico ", -cône-, de Pereira) les tephras supérieurs, seuls étudiés ici, sont à la fois plus abondants et plus récents. Il n'a pas été possible d'établir une stratigraphie de ces formations, très étendues depuis le Ruiz-Tolima jusqu'à l' extrémité ouest de la zone d'étude, dans la Cordillère Occidentale. Les tephra, datés (par 14C) se situeraient entre au moins 14 ka sur la terrasse de Pereira et moins de 8 ka sur cette même terrasse et dans le secteur du lac d'Orun (proche au Ruiz-Tolima).
10

Les isotopes de l'hafnium dans les TTG et leurs zircons : témoins de la croissance des premiers continents

Guitreau, Martin 08 June 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Ce travail de thèse présente des analyses isotopiques Lu-Hf par MC-ICP-MS combinées de zircons ignés et de roches totales d'une importante collection de granitoïdes archéens appartenant à la suite des Tonalite-Trondhjémite-Granodiorite (TTG) afin d'apporter un regard nouveau sur la croissance de la croûte continentale et tout particulièrement dans le début de l'histoire de la Terre. Nos données indiquent un bon accord général entre les zircons ignés, mesurés par ablation-laser et par solution, avec leurs roche-hôtes. Nous démontrons que le rapport Lu/Hf intégré dans le temps de la source mantellique des TTG est près de la valeur chondritique et n'a pas significativement changée au cours des 4 derniers milliards d'années. Par conséquent, les continents se sont formés à partir d'un matériel primitif non fractionné extrait du manteau profond par l'intermédiaire de panaches qui après fusion partielle ont laissés un résidu appauvri dans le manteau supérieur. Les cristaux de zircon extraits des TTG ont des compositions isotopiques en Hf cohérentes au sein d'une même population alors que le système U-Pb, dans les mêmes grains, est souvent perturbé résultant ainsi en l'obtention de valeurs d'εHf initial erronées. Ce problème est endémique aux cristaux de zircon détritiques archéens et en accord avec des résultats expérimentaux sur la mobilité préférentielle de l'Hf en fonction de celle de l'U et du Pb au sein du zircon. Nous suggérons que ce problème biaise l'enregistrement détritique archéen en faveur de valeurs d'εHf initial négatives qui contrastent avec les valeurs obtenues pour les TTG mais peuvent être expliquées par l'utilisation d'âges 207Pb/206Pb non-magmatiques. Si l'on considère les cristaux de zircon de Jack Hills au vu de ces résultats, la source des continents serait restée inchangée depuis 4,3 Ga.

Page generated in 0.0499 seconds