This document deals with the control software for professional Model-radio transmitter. The aim of the thesis is to design a functional solution that would satisfy the requirements of existing aircraft modelers (and others), thus to compete against other manufacturers of radio sets. In the following pages there is presented the design and implementation of user interface with regard to functionality and clarity, then the basic algorithms for driving aircraft models are explored. As a result of those findings the control software is implemented for an embedded device using the supplied hardware components.

Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται μία εισαγωγή στην βασική θεωρία ασύρματης τεχνολογίας. Παρουσιάζονται βασικά χαρακτηριστικά όπως το φάσμα, η διάδοση, οι παρεμβολές και η διάθλαση, οι συχνότητες και τα κανάλια. Ακολουθεί η θεωρία κεραιών, η τοπολογία δικτύων και η εφαρμογή όλων των παραπάνω στα ασύρματα μητροπολητικά δίκτυα. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται τα πρωτόκολλα ασύρματων δικτύων και η εφαρμογή τους, στις ζώνες 2,4GHz και 5GHz και η σύγκριση των δύο παραπάνω ζωνών. Ακολουθεί η διευθυνσιοδότηση του δικτύου με το πρωτόκολλο IP και ο διαμοιρασμός του υποδικτύου 10.0.0.0/8 σε Β-class διευθύνσεις για κάθε νομό. Τέλος παρουσιάζονται τα πρωτόκολλα δρομολόγησης δικτύων και τα πλεονεκτήματα της χρήσης στατικής ή δυναμικής δρομολόγησης στα ασύρματα μητροπολιτικά δίκτυα. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται διερεύνηση στα μοντέλα ηλεκτρομαγνητικής κάλυψης ανοικτών χώρων. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, παρουσιάζονται τα μοντέλα Free space loss, Hata, Walfisch-Bertoni και Walfisch – Ikegami, και οι παράμετροι και ο τρόπος εφαρμογής τους για τον υπολογισμό των απωλειών στον χώρο διάδοσης. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο επιδιώκεται η εφαρμογή μοντέλων του κεφαλαίου 3 στα ασύρματα μητροπολιτικά δίκτυα με σκοπό την μοντελοποίηση τους. Γίνονται μετρήσεις σε ασύρματους σταθμούς βάσης σε αστική και ημιαστική περιοχή για τις ζώνες 2.4GHz και 5GHz. Ακολουθεί ο υπολογισμός του μέσου σφάλματος των μοντέλων του κεφαλαίου 3 για τα σημεία μετρήσεων και ο έλεγχος της αξιοπιστίας τους ώστε να είναι εφικτή η εφαρμογή των μοντέλων στις ζώνες 2.4GHz και 5GHz οι οποίες δεν ανήκουν στο εύρος συχνοτήτων που υποστηρίζουν τα μοντέλα. Σκοπός της παραπάνω διαδικασίας είναι η δυνατότητα εύρεσης της βέλτιστης θέσης σταθμών βάσης πριν την εγκατάστασή τους και η βελτιστοποίηση της θέσης υπαρχόντων σταθμών βάσης. / The first chapter is an introduction to the basic theory of wireless technology. Presents key characteristics such as range, propagation, interference and diffraction, frequencies and channels. Next, we represent the theory of antennas, network topology and application of the above in wireless metropolitan networks. In the second chapter there are presented the protocols of wireless networks and their application in zones 2,4 GHz and 5GHz and the comparison of these two zones. Below addressing network with the IP protocol and sharing the subnet 10.0.0.0 / 8 to B-class addresses for each county. Finally we represent the routing protocols and the advantages of using static or dynamic routing in wireless metropolitan area networks. The third chapter is exploring electromagnetic models covering open spaces. More specifically, we present the models Free space loss, Hata, Walfisch-Bertoni and Walfisch - Ikegami, and their parameters and how they are applied to calculate the loss in space propagation. In the fourth we try to apply the models of Chapter 3 in wireless metropolitan area networks in order to model them. We Perform measurements in wireless base stations in urban and suburban areas for the bands 2.4GHz and 5GHz. Followed by the calculation of the average error of the models of Chapter 3 points for measurement and control reliability so as to enable the application of models to 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands which do not belong to the range of frequencies that support the models. The purpose of this procedure is the finding of the optimal location of base stations before their installation and optimize the position of existing base stations.

Det har gjorts mycket forskning kring Positioneringssystem för inomhusbruk då många applikationer och tjänster ärberoende eller kan förbättras av det. Trots detta finns idag ingen standard för hur positionering inomhus ska fungera.För de flesta utomhusmiljöer kan en modern mobiltelefons position erhållas med ett par meters precision via GPS. I eninomhusmiljö sjunker signalen drastiskt och en precis position är svår att uppskatta. En väl etablerad teknik är Wi-Fioch kan med fördel användas då de flesta inomhusmiljöer idag redan har Wi-Fi accesspunkter installerade. Då enmottagare erhåller en signal från en accesspunkt kan distansen dem emellan uppskattas för att sedan uppskattapositionen med den matematiska tillämpningen trilateration. Då de flesta idag äger en mobiltelefon kan mobilen ageramottagare och tekniken kan således vara tillgänglig för alla.Bidraget med examensarbetet är en undersökning av den effekt virtuella accesspunkter har på ett positioneringssystemdär en trilaterationsbaserad lösning använts på Wi-Fi-signaler över både 2.4Ghz samt 5Ghz bandet i kombination med ett partikelfilter. Vidare kommer en karta nyttjas i ett försök att öka precisionen genom att skapa restriktioner för hurpositioneringen får röra sig. Resultatet visade att nyttjandet av virtuella accesspunkter ökade precisionen med drygt 10 procent och den valda kartlösningen med nästan 20 procent. / A lot of research has been made regarding indoor positioning since many applications and services are dependent or canbe improved by it. Despite this, no standard has been set for indoor positioning system concerning the best approach. Inoutdoor environments most modern smart phones can be used to estimate their position using the GPS. Indoors this isnot the case since the received signal strength is decreased drastically. A well-established technique is however Wi-Fiwhich promotes the use of it. When a receiver acquires a signal from a Wi-Fi access point the distance between them canbe estimated. Three or more known distances enables the receiver to calculate its position using a mathematicalapproach called trilateration. With the smart phone acting as the receiver, the approach is enabled for everyone.The contribution of this thesis is an investigation of the effect of using virtual access points. This will be tested in atrilateration based positioning system using both the 2.4Ghz and 5Ghz frequency band in combination with a particlefilter. In an attempt to increase the precision a map will be added into the algorithm with the intention of restricting usermovements. The attained result shows that the use of virtual access points decreased the position estimation error by approximately 10 percent, and the implemented map solution by merely 20 percent.

This master´s thesis deal with designing of the system for ZigBee wireless network monitoring. In the first, treoretical part, is reader introduced to this wireless standard. Acquired informations are possible to compare with the simillar wireless standards. Next part of this document describes procedure of designing harward part of modular system - motherboard and scanning module. In this place is so discussion about component parameters, which are very needed to keep. One part of this discussion is about the problems with wrong component parameters. The last part of this master´s thesis is about software part of this project and so shows designed system in work.

Submitted by bruna ortiz (brunaortiz.f@gmail.com) on 2016-07-04T15:34:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Laura Michaella Batista Ribeiro.pdf: 5196443 bytes, checksum: 44f8d0ba69aa5d5fb4454331819feaa4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-07-18T13:11:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Laura Michaella Batista Ribeiro.pdf: 5196443 bytes, checksum: 44f8d0ba69aa5d5fb4454331819feaa4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-07-18T13:25:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Laura Michaella Batista Ribeiro.pdf: 5196443 bytes, checksum: 44f8d0ba69aa5d5fb4454331819feaa4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T13:25:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Laura Michaella Batista Ribeiro.pdf: 5196443 bytes, checksum: 44f8d0ba69aa5d5fb4454331819feaa4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-07 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / With the significant utilization of the Wi-Fi networks as one of the main mass media and transmission of data, some problems of traffic reliability have been related and increasing day by day. The unplanned use of Access’ Points – AP, chained to the interferences resulting from coexistence of other technologies occupying the same frequency spectrum 2.4GHz, has constantly affected the performance of these networks. In order to propose a solution to interference’s problem between networks 802.11, this work describe an approach of attribution of channels based in many aspects such as received signal strength indicator, signal-to-noise ratio, link quality and channels overlap factor. This approach, named MFDCA (Multi-Factor Dynamic Channel Assignment) is composed by detection interferences modules, as well as selection and attribution of channels. The approach attributes in a dynamic way operation of channels in the networks 802.11, considering the characteristics noted in the spectral environment where which AP is inserted. The MFDCA was developed so that to operate in low cost of access points, as long as they withstand an installation of a firmware based in Linux. The results of the tests accomplished in a pilot network show that a MFDCA is able to benefit the network as a whole, including non-administered networks, by increasing its throughput and decreasing the rate losses of packages. / Com a utilização significativa das redes Wi-Fi como um dos principais meios de comunicação e transmissão de dados, problemas relacionados à confiabilidade no tráfego dessas redes foram surgindo. O uso não planejado de pontos de acesso (do inglês, Access Point - AP), aliado com as interferências decorrentes da coexistência de outras tecnologias compartilhando o mesmo espectro de frequências 2,4GHz, tem constantemente afetado o desempenho das redes sem fio. Com o intuito de propor uma solução para o problema de interferência entre redes sem fio 802.11, este trabalho descreve uma abordagem para atribuição de canais baseada em múltiplos fatores como a indicação da intensidade do sinal recebido, a relação sinal-ruído, a qualidade de link e o fator de sobreposição de canais. Esta abordagem, denominada de MFDCA (Multi-Factor Dynamic Channel Assignment) é composta pelos módulos de detecção de interferências e de seleção e atribuição de canais. A abordagem atribui de forma dinâmica canais de operação nas redes 802.11, considerando as características presentes no ambiente espectral onde cada AP está inserido. AMFDCA foi projetada para operar em pontos de acesso de baixo custo, desde que suportem a instalação de um firmware baseado em Linux. Os resultados dos testes realizados em uma rede piloto mostram que a MFDCA é capaz de beneficiar as redes como um todo, incluindo redes não administradas, proporcionando um aumento na vazão de dados e a diminuição das taxas de perdas de pacotes.