ix, 99 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / This study examines how the news media and U.S. officials within the Bush administration utilized rhetoric and specific words over others to frame the violence and civil unrest in Iraq following the U.S. invasion. This study incorporates a mixed methods approach to framing analysis. It seeks to advance framing research into the role of the media in presenting dominant frames set forth by powerful political elites. By examining Department of Defense news briefings, this study critiques the officials' framing of the violence and unrest in Iraq. Likewise, through a content analysis of two newspapers' coverage of the Iraq War, it examines the frequency of certain key terms as it attempts to locate the emergence of dominant rhetorical frames, particularly "insurgency." Results reveal that officials framed Iraq's insurgency as part of the war on terror and the insurgency frame emerged in print during the periods of study. / Committee in charge: Prof. John Russial, Chair; Prof. Patricia A Curtin; Prof. Carl Bybee

One year after the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, the administration of President George W. Bush introduced a revolutionary foreign policy strategy--the Bush Doctrine. Proponents of this strategy advocated the use of American 'hard power' as a tool to promote freedom and democracy, beginning with the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Opponents of the doctrine saw it as dangerously nationalistic, with the potential to entangle the United States in a myriad of protracted international conflicts. This thesis will identify aspects of nationalism within post-9/11 American foreign policy and illuminate the incompatibility of nationalism and the fundamental tenets of conflict resolution. This study theorizes that nationalism played a significant role in the development of the Bush Doctrine. Although its advocates promote specific policies historically associated with nationalism, as a rule they have not acknowledged its influence. Conversely, opponents of the doctrine acknowledge this influence and warn of its destructive characteristics. The study presented herein identifies nationalism as a powerful force in American culture and politics--one that has a profound influence on American foreign policy and on the longevity of our foreign wars.

The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 transformed the way in which Americans and their leaders viewed the world. The tragic events of that day helped give rise to a foreign policy strategy commonly referred to as the “Bush Doctrine.” At the heart of this doctrine lay a series of propositions about the need to foster liberal democracy as the antidote to terrorism. President George W. Bush proclaimed in a variety of addresses that democracy now represented the “single surviving model” of political life to which all people aspired. In the course of making this argument, President Bush seemed to relate his policies to an overarching “teleology” of progress. This discourse implied that the United States might use force to hasten the emergence of liberal norms and institutions in selected states. With a sense of irony, some commentators soon referred to the Bush administration’s position as “Leninist” because of its determination to bring about the so-called “end of history” today. Yet, surprisingly, these critics had little more to add. This thesis is an attempt to assess in greater depth the Bush administration’s claim to comprehend historical eschatology. Developing a concept termed “democratic vanguardism,” this study investigates the idea of liberal modernity, the role of the United States as a force for democracy, and the implications of using military intervention in the service of idealistic ends. It examines disputes among political theorists, public intellectuals and elected statesmen which help to enrich our understanding of the United States’ efforts under President Bush at bending history to its will.

I postulate that there is a divorce between the Free Exercise Clause of the Unite States Constitution and the freedom it sought to protect. Consequently, we have a polity besieged by diminishing freedoms and fear, which inadvertently manifests as intolerance. The thesis utilizes historical responses to antithetical ideologies like communism and polygamy to draw a parallel between the ugly past and terrorism; and to highlight a fundamental ideological lapse in the prosecution of the war on terror. A case Study of the Al-Qaeda Terrorist Organization revealed that it is a fully functional organization, albeit clandestine, that embodies the elements of public administration and the ability to set goals and coordinate resources for the fulfillment of specific terrorist goals. Some have viewed religion as an endless good, yet it remains a significant source of socio-cultural schism in the society. Mere toleration and the use of contemporary law are insufficient to dispel the dangers posed by radical Islamists. The violence and tension among various faiths are exacerbated by three dominant factors: first, the uncanny inclination of people toward political correctness; second, an inherent loophole in the Free exercise Clause; third and paramount is subversive religious doctrines. Also, apathy, complacency and a degree of religious naiveté in the polity all play into the rising religious disquietude. The thesis concludes that Free Exercise Clause is under attack and that terrorism and extremism are the bane of subversive religious injunctions. Suggestions are offered in the conclusion. / Department of Political Science

Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-108).

Thesis (M.A.A.S.) -- Air University, 2004. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on April 24, 2009). "June 2004." Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-91).

Thesis (MMAS)--Command and General Staff College (CGSC), 2006. / AD-A451 259. Includes bibliographical references.

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas" / Orientador: Marco Aurélio Nogueira / Banca: Luis Fernando Ayabe / Banca: Antonio Pedro Tota / Resumo: Este trabalho trata da política de segurança dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) após os atentados terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001 e tem como objeto de pesquisa a influência da mídia, em especial da série 24 Horas na aprovação e legitimação da Doutrina Bush. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é verificar as questões e fatores que propiciaram a aprovação da política antiterrorista, e mais especificamente, apresentar a formulação da guerra ao terror como resultado de uma série de fatores políticos e sociais. Pretende-se verificar a evolução da política de segurança dos EUA e entender de que maneira a mídia criou um ambiente que propiciou a aceitação de uma política extrema que dificilmente seria aprovada em tempos normais. Além disso, buscar-se-á apontar que a série 24 Horas, famosa pela abordagem contraterrorista, apresentou ao público uma resposta ao trauma sofrido pelos ataques, colocando-o de frente com o problema a cada episódio. O episódio inicial, que estreou dois meses depois do 11 de setembro, abordava de maneira dramática e explícita o terrorismo. Após o sucesso inicial, continuou por mais oito temporadas de grande audiência. O argumento central deste trabalho é que a análise sistemática de uma produção midiática de sucesso contribui para o entendimento do estado tenso e inseguro que os americanos viveram após setembro de 2001 e que os canais de comunicação foram essenciais para a política antiterror ser legitimada - a Doutrina Bush. 24 Horas auxiliou a criar o ambiente de terror e insegurança que marcou os EUA e o mundo depois do 11/09 / Abstract: This paper discusses the security policy of the United States of America (USA) after the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 and has as its object of study the influence of media, especially the series 24 Hours in the approval and legitimacy of the Bush Doctrine. The objective of the research is to examine the matters and factors that favored to the adoption of counter-terrorism policy, and more specifically, the present formulation of the war on terror as a result of a series of political and social factors. It is intended to verify the evolution of U.S. security policy and understand how the media has created an environment that facilitated the acceptance of an extreme policy that could hardly be adopted in normal times. Furthermore, it will seek to point out that the series 24 Hours, famous for counterterrorism approach, presented to the public response to the trauma suffered by the attacks, putting it face to face with the problem every episode. The initial episode, which premiered two months after the September 11th, addressed explicitly and dramatically terrorism. After initial success, continued for eight more seasons of high ratings. The central argument of this paper is that the systematic analysis of a successful media production contributes to the understanding of tense and insecure state that Americans experienced after September 2001 and that the channels of communication were essential for the anti-terror policy to be legitimate - the Doctrine Bush. 24 Hours helped create the atmosphere of terror and insecurity that marked the U.S. and the world after 11/09 / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 juliano_pgrp_me_mar.pdf: 511993 bytes, checksum: 77698c152ce87cdce6f50fc235e1d5aa (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho trata da política de segurança dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA) após os atentados terroristas de 11 de setembro de 2001 e tem como objeto de pesquisa a influência da mídia, em especial da série 24 Horas na aprovação e legitimação da Doutrina Bush. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é verificar as questões e fatores que propiciaram a aprovação da política antiterrorista, e mais especificamente, apresentar a formulação da guerra ao terror como resultado de uma série de fatores políticos e sociais. Pretende-se verificar a evolução da política de segurança dos EUA e entender de que maneira a mídia criou um ambiente que propiciou a aceitação de uma política extrema que dificilmente seria aprovada em tempos normais. Além disso, buscar-se-á apontar que a série 24 Horas, famosa pela abordagem contraterrorista, apresentou ao público uma resposta ao trauma sofrido pelos ataques, colocando-o de frente com o problema a cada episódio. O episódio inicial, que estreou dois meses depois do 11 de setembro, abordava de maneira dramática e explícita o terrorismo. Após o sucesso inicial, continuou por mais oito temporadas de grande audiência. O argumento central deste trabalho é que a análise sistemática de uma produção midiática de sucesso contribui para o entendimento do estado tenso e inseguro que os americanos viveram após setembro de 2001 e que os canais de comunicação foram essenciais para a política antiterror ser legitimada – a Doutrina Bush. 24 Horas auxiliou a criar o ambiente de terror e insegurança que marcou os EUA e o mundo depois do 11/09 / This paper discusses the security policy of the United States of America (USA) after the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 and has as its object of study the influence of media, especially the series 24 Hours in the approval and legitimacy of the Bush Doctrine. The objective of the research is to examine the matters and factors that favored to the adoption of counter-terrorism policy, and more specifically, the present formulation of the war on terror as a result of a series of political and social factors. It is intended to verify the evolution of U.S. security policy and understand how the media has created an environment that facilitated the acceptance of an extreme policy that could hardly be adopted in normal times. Furthermore, it will seek to point out that the series 24 Hours, famous for counterterrorism approach, presented to the public response to the trauma suffered by the attacks, putting it face to face with the problem every episode. The initial episode, which premiered two months after the September 11th, addressed explicitly and dramatically terrorism. After initial success, continued for eight more seasons of high ratings. The central argument of this paper is that the systematic analysis of a successful media production contributes to the understanding of tense and insecure state that Americans experienced after September 2001 and that the channels of communication were essential for the anti-terror policy to be legitimate - the Doctrine Bush. 24 Hours helped create the atmosphere of terror and insecurity that marked the U.S. and the world after 11/09

Malgré l'amélioration considérable de ses conditions de VIe et l'implantation dans son environnement d'une multitude de mesures de protections, un sentiment d'insécurité semble persister chez l'homme contemporain. La perception exagérée de divers risques qui parsèment l'existence humaine, construite par de multiples processus individuels, culturels et sociaux, en représente un motif important. À cet égard, la présente recherche tente de caractériser le traitement du risque terroriste effectué par certains membres de l'exécutif américain de l'administration de George W. Bush. S'échelonnant des attentats du 11 septembre 2001 aux élections législatives du 7 novembre 2006, une analyse descriptive et qualitative est accomplie à l'aide d'outils issus de la théorie de l'amplification sociale des-risques (SARF). Elle examine les signaux de risque transmis par les dirigeants vers la sphère publique afin de cerner les effets atténuateurs ou intensificateurs qui pourraient avoir affecté la perception du risque terroriste dans la population américaine.