The aim of this thesis is to explain some basic facts, examples, ideas and results in Tate’s theory and its applications. / In the first chapter, we will introduce some preliminaries of Banach algebras over k. The Tate algebra (resp. affinoid algebra) is analogous to the power series defined on the unit disc (resp. analytic set of unit disc). There are some properties of its algebraic structure. / In the second chapter we will construct the rigid analytic variety X, the topology on it, and the structure sheaf Oₓ. Tate found an interesting property, now called Tate’ Acyclicity Theorem, which makes analytic continuation stand. Moreover, by using G-topology, we define rigid analytic spaces, and we are able to paste them. The Tate curve is a good example. / In the last chapter, we introduce Schottky group and Mumford curve. A Mumford curve is obtained from P¹ discarding a compact set quotient by a group action, and it can be characterized as an algebraic curve with totally split reduction. The converse is also true. / 這篇文章的目的是闡釋Tate理論中的一些基本事實、例子、想法和結果，以及一些應用。 / 在第一章中，我們會介紹一些關於k上的Banach代數的初等事實。Tate代數（affinoid代數）類似於定義在單位圓（單位圓的解析集）上的冪級數。關於它的代數結構有一些結論。 / 在第二章中，我們會構造剛性解析簇，它的拓撲，以及它的層結構。Tate發現了一個它的有趣的性質，現在被稱為Tate Acyclicity Theorem；這個性質使得我們可以做解析延拓。此外，通過使用G-拓撲，我們構造剛性解析空間，並且我們可以將幾塊剛性解析空間“粘”起來。Tate曲線是它的一個很好的應用。 / 在第三章中，我們將介紹Schottky群和Mumford曲線。一條Mumford曲線是P¹挖掉一個緊集后除掉一個群作用而得到的，並且可以被表徵為擁有totally split reduction的代數曲線。反之亦然。 / Yuan, Zhiri. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 65 ). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 13, September, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

This thesis introduces a new algorithm to search for optimal spatial sampling design. It is found in previous studies of Zhu and Stein (2006) that the optimal sampling design for spatial prediction with estimated parameters is nearly regular with a few clustering points. The pattern is similar to the generalized Neyman-Scott (GNS) process introduced by Yau and Loh (2012), which allows for regularity in the parent process. This motivates the use of a realization of the GNS process as a spatial sampling design. This method translates the high dimensional optimization problem of selecting sampling sites into a low dimensional optimization problem of searching for the optimal parameter sets in the GNS process. Simulation studies indicate that the proposed sampling design algorithm is more computationally efficient while the result of criterion minimization is comparable to traditional methods. / 本文介紹了一種新的算法來搜索最優空間採樣設計。先前Zhu和Stein（2006）的研究發現，按被估計參數的空間預測的最優採樣設計是近乎有規律的，同時伴隋一些聚類點。該圖案與Yau和Loh（2012）介紹的廣義Neyman-Scott（GNS）過程相似，其中的父過程擁有規律性。這驅使我們使用GNS過程的實現作為空間採樣設計。這種方法把選擇採樣點的高維優化問題轉化為搜索最優GNS過程參數集的低維優化問題。模擬實驗顯示，該採樣設計的算法是計算效率更高，同時其最小化判別函數的結果是可以媲美傳統的方法。 / Lai, Sai Yu. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-34). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 18, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

The last two decades have witnessed the rapid advances of computer-aided translation systems. Due to the limitations of “traditional” segment-based matching, the data mining of translation memory with subsegment retrieval has been introduced, and more machine translation systems have also been integrated into computer-aided translation systems to provide translations unavailable from the translation memory. / This thesis provides the first overview through the functions of machine translation systems in computer-aided translation systems through a review of their combination process, an analysis of two surveys of the users and the statistics of current combination. It then categorizes and compares the integration approaches in the widely-used computer-aided translation systems. / In addition, this study offers a typology of the subsegment retrieval functions available in computer-aided translation systems and evaluates the performance of subsegment retrieval functions in different computer-aided translation systems with a case study. The evaluation is based on definitions of recall and precision. / This thesis aims to achieve two main goals: (1) to give an overview of the functions of machine translation and subsegment retrieval in computer-aided translation systems to provide information to translators for a more efficient completion of their translation tasks; (2) to perform a functionality evaluation to examine the performance of machine translation integration and subsegment retrieval in computer-aided translation systems with a case study. / 在過去的二十年間，電腦輔助翻譯系統發展迅速。由於“傳統的”基於句段的匹配檢索法有局限，所以引入子句段檢索法，以進一步挖掘翻譯記憶中的可重用數據。此外，越來越多機器翻譯系統與電腦輔助翻譯系統結合，提供翻譯記憶的無法提供的翻譯。 / 本文詳細考察過去二十年間機器翻譯與電腦輔助翻譯系統的結合過程，分析使用者的調查數據，並考察電腦輔助翻譯系統中的機器翻譯功能的現狀，首次對電腦輔助翻譯系統中的機器翻譯功能作出全面評述。 / 本文並對電腦輔助翻譯系統中子句段檢索功能進行分類與分析，又以基於召回率和準確性作為指標，評估電腦輔助翻譯系統中的子句段檢索功能的性能。 / 本文一方面探討電腦輔助翻譯系統中的機器翻譯和子句段檢索功能，為譯者提供參考，以提升翻譯效率；另一方面，也通過一個案例探索評估電腦輔助翻譯系統中的機器翻譯功能和子句段檢索的功能。 / Liu, Xiangyu. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-85). / Abstracts also in Chinese; appendix iv includes Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 06, October, 2016). / Liu, Xiangyu. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

A robot may collect intrinsic and extrinsic properties of targets from the operator, by actively changing its own states, and by actively changing the target states. This thesis studies the robot's exploration of these properties by changing the target states, in order to model objects and scenes. To model the objects, a novel dynamic process is formulated for interactive object segmentation, and a solution based on particle filter and active learning is developed, thus the robot manipulates and learns the object structures incrementally and autonomously. To build abstract object models from the structural object samples, a multilevel part-based object model is developed by applying latent support vector machine to the training of a hierarchical object structure. / To model the scenes, relational semantic mapping method is developed to describe the scenes with both the objects and various object relations. Relational operators are introduced, in order to build relational semantic maps with relational Markov network, where the robot learns object relations actively and incrementally. To find an object in a map, the operator provides the name of target object and the semantic description of the map, and then the robot instantiates a relational Markov network based on the description and learned parameters. After that, it detects the object with the relational Markov network. / This thesis demonstrates the proposed approach on a robot arm, a humanoid robot, and a mobile robot. The results show that the robots learn target information autonomously by manipulating the target models to build sensor-semantics mappings, and use the information to find and manipulate objects accurately. / 一個機器人可以使用多種辦法來獲取物體和場景的語義信息，例如通過和操作對象的交流，通過主動地改變其自身的狀態，或者通過改變目標的狀態。本論文的研究集中于機器人如何通過改變目標模型來學習物體和場景的信息。 / 對於物體的模型，一種新穎的動態過程被提出，以便描述交互式物體分割，並且提出一種基於粒子濾波和主動學習的方案，這樣機器人可以通過操縱和學習物體來自主了解物體結構信息。為了從這些被分割的物體圖片中建立抽象的物體模型，多層次基於物體結構的模型被提出，並且通過將支持向量機應用到分層對象結構的訓練來學習這個模型。 / 對於場景的模型，開係語義地圖被提出，以便描述由物體組成的場景以及其中不同的物體之間的關係。關係還算符被引入到關係馬爾可夫網絡，以便建立基於闕係的語義映射，這樣一個機器人可以自主和主動地學習物體之間的關係。為了地圖找到物體，操作者可以提供目標對象和基於語義的場景描述，然後機器人實例化一個關係語義地圖，通過已經學習到的物體和關係參數。在這之後，機器人通過實例化的關係馬爾科夫網絡來在場景中搜索物體。 / 這種策略被在多種機器人上面被驗證，包括機器手臂，人形機器人，以及移動機器人。結果表明該機器人可以通過操縱目標物體模型來建立傳感器數據和語義之間的影射，並且使用這樣的語義信息來自主和準確地搜尋和操縱對象。 / Li, Kun. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-163). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 07, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Pierre A. Humblet and Murat Azizoglu. / "January 1991." Cover title. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 4). / Research supported by DARPA. F19628-90-C-0002 Research supported by the NSF. 8802991-NCR

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdorales, 2015-2016 / Ce mémoire présente une application de la méthode des réponses en fréquence à l’arrêt ou Standstill Frequency Response (SSFR) pour trois machines synchrones distinctes : une machine de laboratoire de 5.4kVA à rotor lisse, du type turbogénérateur, une machine de laboratoire de 5.4kVA à rotor saillant, du type hydrogénérateur et un grand alternateur de réseau de 95 MVA, du type hydrogénérateur. Cette méthode est détaillée dans la norme IEEE 115-2009 et permet l’identification des paramètres d’un circuit équivalent dq pour des alternateurs synchrones. Ces modèles sont souvent utilisés pour des études de stabilité du réseau électrique. Nous avons adapté l’utilisation de la méthode SFFR pour chaque machine en essayant de réduire le nombre de mesures à réaliser dans le domaine des basses fréquences. Cette modification permet de minimiser la durée des expériences. Une bonne partie du mémoire rappelle les bases théoriques nécessaires à l’utilisation de la méthode SSFR, notamment le développement du modèle dq, la transformation de Park et les différentes fonctions de transfert qui représentent le comportement d’une machine. Par la suite, nous décrivons le protocole expérimental et l’analyse des données pour l’identification des paramètres du modèle pour chaque alternateur. Une validation des paramètres est réalisée en comparant les données expérimentales et les résultats simulés pour plusieurs essais de courts-circuits (triphasés et biphasés), à différents niveaux de courant d’excitation. / This paper presents an application of the well-known Standstill Frequency Response (SSFR) method for three separate synchronous machines: a 5.4kVA round rotor turbogenerator, a 5.4 kVA salient rotor and a large 95 MVA hydrogenerator. This method is detailed in the IEEE 115-2009 standard and allows the identification of the parameters of an equivalent circuit for dq synchronous generators. These models are often used for the grid stability studies. We adapted the SSFR method for each machine in order to reduce the number of measurements to be performed in the low frequency range. This modification reduces the duration of the experiments. The theoretical basis for the use of SSFR method is reviewed carefully, including the development of dq model, Park transformation and different transfer functions that represent the behavior of a machine. Subsequently, we describe the experimental protocol and data analysis for the identification of the model parameters for each generator. A parameter validation is performed by comparing the experimental and simulated results of several short-circuit tests (three-phase and two-phase), at different levels of excitation current.

Les turbines à axe horizontal ont souvent été préférées à celles à axe vertical au vu de leurs meilleures performances. Les pistes d’amélioration des turbines à axe vertical incluent notamment l’augmentation de l’efficacité globale en utilisant des pales à calage variable, et la réduction des fluctuations de couple en utilisant des configurations 3D particulières. Un modèle de mécanique des fluides numérique 2D et 3D adaptable est développé et validé dans cette thèse. Il est basé sur le modèle de turbulence RANS k-w SST, dans sa forme instationnaire. Le logiciel FLUENT® est utilisé pour simuler l’écoulement et prédire les performances d’une turbine. Une étude paramétrique 2D des turbines à pales droites est menée dans un premier temps afin de sélectionner le meilleur candidat pour l’étude d’optimisation, tout en rafraichissant l’état de l’art. L’effet de la solidité, du nombre de pales, du rapport de vitesse, du nombre de Reynolds, de l’angle de calage fixe et de l’épaisseur des pales sur l’efficacité aérodynamique de la turbine est évalué afin de déterminer ce qui est la meilleure configuration aérodynamique et le meilleur point d’opération dans des conditions données. L’impact des effets 3D associés à l’allongement des pales et à l’utilisation ou non de plaques de bout est aussi évalué. Les simulations montrent que la solidité optimale basée sur le rayon est autour de o = 0:2. En 3D, un faible allongement de 7 implique une chute d’efficacité relative de 60% par rapport aux prédictions 2D. Des pales plus allongées améliorent radicalement l’efficacité. Les plaques de bouts ont un effet positif sur les performances, en autant que leur taille est limitée. L’étude d’optimisation a montré un potentiel d’amélioration de l’efficacité des turbines à solidité aux alentours de o = 0:5, en utilisant un angle de calage dynamique. Les efficacités 2D atteignent la limite de Betz, et les efficacités 3D suivent la tendance observée sur les turbines à pales fixes. Il est confirmé que les turbines hélicoïdales ont une efficacité réduite comparées à une même turbine avec des pales droites, associé cependant à un lissage du couple. C’est le résultat de la propagation du décrochage le long de la pale, qui fait décrocher certaines portions qui verraient autrement un écoulement attaché. Une réduction de l’angle d’hélice permet de limiter ce phénomène. Des turbines multi-rotors permettent de garder les avantages de turbines à pales droites, comme la possibilité d’un angle de calage variable, tout en diminuant les fluctuations de couple de la même manière qu’augmenter le nombre de pales, sans toutefois changer la solidité. Des éléments de pales plus petits amènent cependant à des pertes dues aux effets 3D, limitant le nombre possible de rotors déphasés dans une fenêtre d’extraction donnée. / Horizontal axis turbines were always preferred to vertical axis turbines in the past due to better characteristics. Areas for improvement of the vertical axis turbine concept include an increase of the global efficiency using variable pitch control, and the reduction of torque fluctuations on the shaft by means of multiple 3D configurations. A 2D and 3D adaptable Computational Fluid Dynamics model is developed and validated in this thesis, using the k-w SST RANS turbulence model in its unsteady form. The proven commercial software FLUENT® is used to simulate the flow and predict as reliably as possible the turbine performance and characteristics. An extensive parametric study of vertical axis turbines of the H-Darrieus type in 2D is first conducted in order to select the best candidate for optimization, as well as to refresh the state-of-the-art in terms of turbines without pitch control. The effects of solidity, number of blades, tip speed ratio, Reynolds number, fixed blade pitch angle and blade thickness on the aerodynamic efficiency of the turbine are evaluated in order to determine what are the best aerodynamic configurations and operation parameters in a given application. The impact of 3D effects associated to the blade aspect ratio and the use of end-plates is also investigated. Optimal radius-based solidity is found to be around o = 0:2. In 3D, a small blade aspect ratio (AR = 7) leads to a relative efficiency drop of nearly 60% compared to the 2D prediction. Longer blades improve the 3D efficiency greatly. End-plates are found to have a positive effect on power extraction performances, as long as their size and thus their drag is limited. The optimization study showed a great potential of efficiency improvement for turbines with “average” solidities around o = 0:5, using variable blade pitch. 2D efficiencies almost reached Betz’ limit, and the 3D efficiency reductions were consistent with the observations on fixed-pitch turbines. Helical turbines which effectively smooth the torque fluctuations are shown to have a decreased efficiency compared to the same turbine with straight blades. This is the result of the spanwise propagation of the separation bubble on one part of the blade to the other parts that wouldn’t otherwise encounter stall. Reducing the helical angle can help lower this propagation effect. Multiple-section turbines retain the advantages of straight blade turbines, including the ability of using a dynamic pitch control, and can be configured to lower the torque fluctuations in a similar manner as increasing the number of blades but without increasing the turbine solidity. However, smaller blade elements lead to larger 3D losses, thus limiting the number of dephased turbine elements possible in a given extraction window.

Las armas de fuego son el principal medio de comisión de homicidios a nivel mundial, y la situación en la región es particularmente preocupante; en América del Sur, el 83% de los homicidios se realiza con arma de fuego1. En el Perú esta cifra llega al 62.9% a nivel nacional2, siendo mayor en algunas regiones como La Libertad, donde ha superado el 90%3. Los homicidios cometidos con arma de fuego, además de representar un alto porcentaje del total, vienen aumentando en valores absolutos, siendo que el crecimiento del número de muertes violentas asociadas a hechos delictivos con arma de fuego es de 18,4% promedio anual4; por ello, a pesar de que la tasa de homicidios por cada 100 000 habitantes en el Perú es 6.615, cifra relativamente baja en comparación a otros países de la región, tiene una tendencia de crecimiento muy preocupante. / Tesis

We report the discovery and orbit of a new dwarf planet candidate, 2015 RR245, by the Outer Solar System Origins Survey (OSSOS). The orbit of 2015 RR245 is eccentric (e = 0.586), with a semimajor axis near 82 au, yielding a perihelion distance of 34 au. 2015 RR245 has g - r = 0.59 +/- 0.11 and absolute magnitude H-r = 3.6 +/- 0.1; for an assumed albedo of p(V) = 12%, the object has a diameter of similar to 670. km. Based on astrometric measurements from OSSOS and Pan-STARRS1, we find that 2015 RR245 is securely trapped on ten-megayear timescales in the 9: 2 mean-motion resonance with Neptune. It is the first trans-Neptunian object (TNO) identified in this resonance. On hundred-megayear. timescales, particles in 2015 RR245-like orbits depart and sometimes return to the resonance, indicating that 2015 RR245 likely forms part of the long-lived metastable population of distant TNOs that drift between resonance sticking and actively scattering via gravitational encounters with Neptune. The discovery of a 9: 2 TNO stresses the role of resonances in the long-term evolution of objects in the scattering disk. and reinforces the view that distant resonances are heavily populated in the current solar system. This object further motivates detailed modeling of the transient sticking population.

Wong, Chun Yan Jonathan = 以楔形靶壓縮重離子束的概念設計 / 黃駿仁. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 140-144). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 15, September, 2016). / Wong, Chun Yan Jonathan = Yi xie xing ba ya suo zhong li zi shu de gai nian she ji / Huang Junren.