One of the sharpest distinctions among corporate governance systems is between communitarian and contractarian governance systems. At the core of this distinction is corporate ownership. Ownership in Japanese governance system, a typical communitarian governance system, used to be quite stable. However, many Japanese firms experience significant ownership change in recent decades. Despite numerous studies on the debate about change and continuity of communitarian governance system, there is a lack of scholarly efforts on why some firms experience significant change of corporate governance while others do not. Besides, past research predominantly views ownership as an exogenous factor in determining firm outcomes and suggests that it is increasing transactional ownership and declining relational ownership that facilitate corporate governance reform. Nonetheless, we have limited understanding of what triggers change of ownership from relational to transactional shareholders in the first place. / To fill these research gaps, my dissertation adopts symbolic interactionism perspective to explain ownership regime change, which happens when a firm owned by relational shareholders becomes dominantly owned by transactional shareholders. It is an unusual phenomenon in communitarian corporate governance system where ownership is more of a symbolic representation of the underlying social relationships between a firm and its shareholders. The central premise is that certain corporate actions undertaken by a firm may violate the shared meanings underlying communitarian governance system, which triggers a higher likelihood of ownership regime change. With a sample of 24910 firm-year observations from 1990 to 2010 in Japan, I demonstrate that downsizing, hostile takeover, and business relationship termination undertaken by a firm affect the likelihood of ownership regime change, which is moderated by corporate actions conforming to communitarian meanings (e.g. minority shareholding, new alliance formation) and the frequency of corporate actions against shared communitarian meanings at the organizational field level. / This dissertation sheds new lights on corporate governance research by providing an alternative view to explain the antecedents of ownership regime change in communitarian governance system. By adopting a symbolic interactionism perspective, it enriches our understanding of the realm of meanings underlying corporate governance system as well as the interactions between shareholders and firms. Besides, it goes beyond previous feature-oriented approach in corporate governance research by illustrating how salient corporate actions, as events in shareholders’ view, can trigger profound change of corporate governance structure. / 儘管許多文獻曾探討過社群治理體系的變化和沿用，管理學界依然缺乏有關企業經歷重大公司治理變化的成因研究。過往研究大多假設在社群情境裡，外國投資者的增加會導致公司治理變化；然而，這種由外國投資者主導的變化忽略了原來本地關係型股東在公司治理中的角色。此外，股權結構一直被理所當然的視為公司治理變革的外因，卻對觸發股權變動的成因所知甚少。 / 為了彌補這個研究缺口，本文以象徵互動論去解釋社群情境下的股權變動。股權不僅作為公司治理的控制機制，同樣作為企業與股東間社會關係的象徵。本文的中心前提是：企業引起的事件可能會違犯了社群治理體系中的蘊含的共同意義，因此損害了企業與關係型股東的關係，導致更大機會出現關係型股東出售股權予外國投資者。本文以1990年至2010年的於日本上市的工業企業為研究樣本，結果發現企業緊縮和敵意併購會增加發生股權變動的機會；然而，當企業頻繁地進行一些遵從社群治理角度的行為，以及當這些違犯社群共同意義的行為在社群當中愈見頻繁，企業事件對股權變動的影響將減弱。 / 本文對公司治理研究的貢獻在於從另一角度去解釋股權變動的成因。從象徵互動論出發，本文增加了對公司治理體系中蘊含的意義，以及企業與股東交互的理解。此外，不同於以往側重於公司治理特徵的研究，本文著重研究公司的事件如何最終導致此公司治理架構的變化。 / Chen, Xing. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-120). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 09, September, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Change management literature has not focused much on the role of individual characteristics in organizational changes. The present study examined the effect of trait-like motivational and emotional dispositions; and state-like personal resources within individuals on readiness for change. In the study, 161 Hong Kong employees completed an online questionnaire, which was designed to evaluate the employees’ perceived change efficacy in response to three scenarios (i.e. team restructuring, information system change, merger and acquisition) modified based on actual workplace change incidents as a measure of change readiness. Evidence suggested that individuals with learning goal orientation and positive affectivity particularly welcomed potential changes in their organizations. The relations were moderated by psychological capital, where change efficacy was significantly enhanced by Psychological Capital (PsyCap) for individuals with learning goal orientation and positive affectivity, implying the importance of this positive mental resource to changes at work. Further analyses on separate scenarios showed similar patterns as in the overall analyses, inferring robustness of the proposed model. Our findings shed light on employee selection; and on how strengthening employees’ PsyCap may heighten the chance of organizations undergoing changes to succeed. / 變革管理文獻並沒有太多關注員工的個人特質在組織變革上的影響。本研究目的為了解動機與情感傾向的個人特質和精神資源如何影響員工的組織變革知覺(readiness for change)。一百六十一名香港員工參與了是次研究並完成了網上問卷調查。本問卷設計用於評估員工就三種組織變革情景，即團隊架構重組、信息系統的變化和收購合併的改變效能感(perceived change efficacy)，從而量化員工的組織變革知覺。研究發現，擁有學習目標導向(Learning Goal Orientation)和正向情感(Positive Affectivity)的員工會比較接受組織上的變化。再者，心理資本(Psychological Capital)有效強化學習目標導向和正向情感與組織變革知覺的關係，這意味著精神資源在工作中的重要性。研究結果揭示組織或可從員工招聘和培訓方面增進組織變化的成功機會。 / Kwan, Po Lam Polly. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-38). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 14, September, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Financial institutions are interconnected directly by holding debt claims against each other (the network channel), and they are also bound by market liquidity in selling assets to meet debt liabilities when facing distress (the liquidity channel). The goal of our study is to investigate how these two channels of risk transmission interact to propagate individual defaults to a system-wide catastrophe. We formulate the model as an optimization problem with equilibrium constraints and derive a partition algorithm to solve it. The sensitivity analysis on the obtained solution enables us to identify two factors, the network multiplier and the liquidity amplifier, to characterize the contributions of these two channels to financial systemic risk, whereby we can acquire a better understanding of the effectiveness of several policy interventions. The analysis behind the algorithm yields estimates for the contagion probability on the basis of the market value of the institutions' net worths, underscoring the importance of equity capital as a cushion against systemic shocks in the presence of the liquidity channel. The optimization formulation also provides more structural insights to allow us to extend the study of systemic risk to a system with debts of different seniorities and meanwhile presents a close connection to the literature of stochastic networks. Even more, this optimization-based approach and sensitivity analysis can be applied to systems with capital adequacy requirements. Finally, we illustrate the impacts of the network and the liquidity channels — in particular, the significance of the latter — in the formation of systemic risk with data on the European banking system. / 金融机构之间常常通过相互持有各自的债务而直接相连（这被称为网络渠道），同时，当他们面临困境而被迫需要变卖资产来偿还债务时也必将受到市场流动性的影响（这被称为流动性渠道）。我们这篇论文的目标就是要研究个别金融机构的破产是如何通过这两种渠道的交互作用进行风险传播从而导致整个系统发生灾难的。我们将初始模型转化成一个带有均衡约束的优化问题并推出一个分离算法去找出它的解，从而可以得到一个市场清算均衡。通过对这个均衡做敏感度分析，我们就能进一步得到两个因子来刻画前面介绍的两种渠道对金融系统风险传播所做出的贡献，而这两个因子分别就是网络放大因子和流动性放大因子。除此之外，我们利用敏感度分析还可以对一些政府政策和干预措施的有效性进行更加深入的了解。通过对分离算法的分析，我们还可以进行一些基于金融机构净资产市场的分析，从而估计出破产传染的概率，并且指出主权资本在流动性渠道存在的情况下对于抵抗系统性冲击能够起到重要的缓冲作用。转换而成的优化问题则可以给我们提供更多的结构性的见解，让我们对系统风险的研究可以扩展到带有不同债务优先权的系统当中，同时还可以使我们看到系统风险模型与随机网络的紧密联系。甚至，这些基于优化的方法和敏感度分析还可以应用到带有资本充足率要求的系统之中。最后，我们利用欧洲银行系统的数据进行实证检验分析，从而进一步阐述了网络渠道和流动性渠道（特别是后者）在系统风险传播过程中所产生的影响。 / Liu, Xin. / Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-109). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 12, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

In this thesis, we present two adaptive methods for the basis enrichment of the mixed Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method (GMsFEM) for solving the flow problem in heterogeneous media. We develop an a-posteriori error indicator which is the norm of a local residual operator. Based on this indicator, we have an offiine adaptive method to increase the number of basis functions on the coarse grid edges with large local error estimates. We also develop an online adaptive method which iteratively enriches the function space by adding new functions computed based on the residual of the previous solution. We show theoretically and numerically the convergence of the two methods. The online method is in general better than the offiine method, and both methods have faster convergence than a uniform enrichment. Analysis shows that the online method should start with certain number of initial basis functions in order to have the best performance. The numerical results confirm this and show further that with correct selection of initial basis functions, the online method can be independent of the contrast of the medium. / 在本文中，我們為混合廣義多尺度有限元法( mixed generalized multiscale finite element method) 在非均勻介質解決流動問題的應用上提出了兩種自適應的擴張基的方法。我們以公式局部餘差的範數制定了一個後驗誤差的指標。基於這個指標，我們得出一個離線的自適應方法。這個方法遂步把在指標數值較大的組網內邊鄰上定義的函數加入基。我們亦制定了一個在線的自適應方法。這個方法反復地將一些基於上一步驟所得的解去計算的函數加入基里，以擴大函數空間。我們以理論和實驗去證明兩個方法的收斂性質。一般而育，在線方法的收斂比離線方法快，而兩者的收斂速度都比均勻地擴充基所得的收斂速度快。從理論所得，在線方法需要一定數量的初始基函數才能達至最理想的收斂速度。實驗結果證實了這一點，並進一步得出，假如初始基函數的數目足夠，在線方法的收斂性質會不受介質的對比度影響。 / Chan, Ho Yuen. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-46). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 11, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Waves are everywhere. Biological waves, such as gastric slow waves, and electromagnetic waves, such as TV signals and radio waves, are typical examples that we encounter in everyday life. Many waves are emitted from a point source, whose wavefront can be approximated by a line if the point source is far away. When an experimenter records a propagating wave, the data is subject to noise contamination, posing great diffculty in wave analysis. In this thesis, we consider the situation where at most one wave propagates in a two-dimensional space at any particular time and the detector recordings are noisy. We introduce two parametric generative models for wave propagation and one parametric model for noise generation, and develop a multistage procedure which identifies the number of waves in a given data set, followed by an inference on important variables, including the location of the point source, the velocity of the wave and indicator variables of spikes under the Bayesian paradigm. The procedure is illustrated with two real-life examples. The first one is a study on the effect of potassium ion channels using cultured heart cells. The other is on the propagation characteristics of the Tokohu Tsunami in 2011. / 波是無處不在的。生物波如胃慢波，以及電磁波如電視信號和無線電波，都是我們在日常生活中常遇到的波的典型例子。許多波都是點源，而當波從一個遠的點源發射， 其波陣面會近似一條直線。當實驗者記錄波數據時，數據很大機會受到雜訊污染，增加了分析波數據的難度。本文考慮在一個二維空間內，任何特定的時間中，最多只有一個波在傳播，而波數據受到雜訊污染。我們提出了兩個參數模型模擬波的產生和傳播，以及一個參數模型模擬雜訊的產生。我們並建立了一個多階段程序先識別數據中波的數量，然後根據貝葉斯理論，將尖峰訊號分類成波尖峰訊號或雜訊尖峰訊號，以及對波尖峰訊號的重要參數，包括點源的位置和波的速度進行估算。本文提出的方法將應用於兩組真實數據上。第一組是關於細胞鉀離子通道如何影響心肌培養細胞研究，而另一組則分析2011年日本東北海嘯的傳播特性。 / Lau, Yuk Fai. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-74). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 18, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

To reduce chip-scale topography variation, dummy fill is commonly used to improve the layout density uniformity. Previous works either sought the most uniform density distribution or sought to minimize the inserted dummy fills while satisfying certain density uniformity constraint. However, due to more stringent manufacturing challenges, more criteria, like line deviation and outlier, emerge at newer technology nodes. / This work presents a joint optimization scheme to consider variation, total fill, line deviation, outlier, overlap and running time simultaneously. More specifically, we first partition the rectilinear fillable regions into rectangles for later processing. Inspired by the work–PTR (Polygon-To-Rectangle) in [3], we implement I-PTR (Improved PTR) and another new decomposition algorithm called L-PTR (Lowest overlapping edge PTR) to divide the fillable regions into rectangles according to the window boundaries on one hand and to get more large resulting rectangles on the other hand. After decomposition, we insert dummy fills into the fillable rectangular regions optimizing the fill metrics simultaneously. We propose three approaches–Fast Median approach, LP approach and Iterative approach. Among the three fill insertion algorithms, Fast Median is proven to be the best. Therefore we compare Fast Median with the top three contestants in the ICCAD Contest 2014 on the industrial benchmarks released by the contest organizer. Experiments show that Fast Median is 25× faster than the fastest one among the top three teams, and its quality score (0.70) outperforms the top three teams of which the scores are 0.63, 0.61 and 0.61 respectively. / 為了降低芯片的密度差異，冗餘的金屬填充物通常會被用來提高布線板的密度均勻性。過去的研究工作要麼一味以最大化均勻性为目标，要麼在滿足一定的密度差異的基礎上以加入佈線板的金屬填充物的總量最少为目标。然而，由於更加嚴格的工業製造挑戰，很多新的目標越來越舉足輕重，比如列密度差和異常值。 / 本文提出了同時考慮總差異、填充物總量、列密度差、異常值、重疊和運行時間的優化方法。具體來說，首先我們將表示可填充區域的直角多邊形分解成矩形，方便後續的處理。受到相關工作——PTR[3]的啟發，我們實現了I-PTR和另外一種新的分解算法L-PTR來分解可填充區域，一方面，我們根據窗口邊界來分解，另一方面我們盡量分解得到更多大面積矩形。分解之後，我們將金屬填充物加入到可填充區域，同時優化各個目標函數。我們提出了三種優化方法——快速中值法，LP法和迭代法。在這三種方法當中，快速中值法被證明是最好的。所以我们将快速中值法與ICCAD 2014年競賽的前三名算法分別運用在比賽發佈的測試集上，進行對比。實驗數據表明，我們的快速中值法比前三名最快的還要快25倍。並且，我們的總得分（0.70）要優於前三名的得分（分别是0.63、0.61和0.61）。 / Liu, Chuangwen. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-62). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 12, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Regarding most law cases of resale price maintenance (RPM), non-pricing strategies (mostly termed ”services”) that were first brought by Tesler (1960) are usually applied to justify RPM. However, if cases are rarely involved with non-pricing strategies or the significance of services is hard to judge, it would be difficult for lawyers to defend for RPM under the traditional services framework. This paper addresses this problem using a model with one manufacturer and two retailers. The retailers choose their own prices but nothing else. If retailers differ, the model can generate equilibria– only with a uniform wholesale price, the retailers will choose the prices lower than those that would maximize the profit of the supply chain. By imposing minimum RPM, this underpricing problem could be resolved without requiring services to be any significant determinants of the demands faced by retailers. Under certain conditions, the use of RPM could even increase the welfare of both the supply chain and consumer. / 在大部分关于涉及到转售价格维持协议（简称RPM）的法律案件中，我们通常会使用非价格策略（大部分称为“服务”因素）来证明RPM是合法的。非价格策略是Telsor（1960）第一个提出的。然而，如果案件很少涉及非价格策略或者服务的显著性难以衡量，律师在传统的服务因素框架下为RPM辩护会变得很难。本文通过构建一个包含一个厂商和两个零售商的模型来解决这个问题。在模型中，零售商只能选择定产品的价格。如果两个零售商是不相同的，本文模型会得到一个均衡——在只有一个批发价的情况下，零售商选择的售价会低于使得整个供应链获利最多的价格。通过RPM的设置，这个定价过低的问题可以得到解决，而且不需要服务成为零售商需求函数的显著决定因素。在某一些条件下，使用RPM甚至可以增加供应链和消费者的福利。 / Mao, Wenzheng. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-37). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 24, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

The autoregressive-integrated moving average (AMIRA) process plays an essential role in time series models. Classical method of finding the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of the parameters in an ARIMA(p; d; q) model consists of evaluating the likelihood function through the Box-Jenkins approach or the Innovations Algorithm and optimizing it by numerical methods such as the quasi-Newton algorithms. However, these approaches have several drawbacks. The quasi-Newton methods tend to be unstable when the likelihood function is highly nonlinear. In this paper, we consider a state space representation of the ARIMA(p; d; q) process. The likelihood function can be easily expressed by the Kalman filter and the ML estimates can be obtained through a combination of Kalman smoother and the EM Algorithm. The updating equations in the EM algorithm possess a simple analytical form. A quasi-Newton scheme has also been implemented to accelerate the convergence of the EM Algorithm. The simulations studies show that the EM algorithm is more robust to starting values and the number of parameters, and the quasi-Newton acceleration scheme significantly improves the convergence rate of the EM algorithm. / 差分自回歸移動平均(AMIRA)模型在時間序列模型中有著重要地位。ARIMA模型的傳統極大似然估計方法通過Box-Jenkins方法或者新息算法(Innovations Algorithm)計算出似然函數，再通過擬牛頓(quasi-Newton)法等數值方法將之極大化，從而得到參數的極大似然估計。然而，此類方法在一定條件下存在缺陷。例如，當似然函數高度非線性時，擬牛頓法表現出不穩定的現象。本文考慮ARIMA模型的一種狀態空間(state-space)模型表示。在此表示下，參數的似然函數可以通過卡爾曼濾波算法計算，而參數的極大似然估計可以通過卡爾曼平滑和EM算法簡單得出。本問題中EM算法的迭代公式有簡潔的解析形式。同時，我們進一步考慮了一個擬牛頓加速算法來加快EM算法的收斂速度。通過模擬實驗我們發現，對於不同的初始值和參數個數，EM算法比擬牛頓法更為穩健。同時，擬牛頓的加速算法可以顯著加快EM算法的收斂速度。 / Huang, Rui. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-58). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 06, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are one of the cost-effective alternatives to the traditional silicon-based solar cell. To be commercially viable, a number of its shortfalls have to be addressed. First, the charge mobility and life time of the organic materials used in PSCs are low and results in a large series resistance and inefficient charge separation. Second, the range of absorption of light in PSCs is not wide enough to cover the whole solar spectrum. Hence, the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) achieved by PSCs is still low compare to other types of solar cells. In this thesis, several methods were investigated to improve the PCE of PSCs base on the donor polymer Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and acceptor fullerene Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). It was found to be essential to control the drying rate of the solvent after spin-coating the polymer solution on a piece of glass as it would affect the ordering and crystallinity of the polymer chains. Besides, instead of a bulk heterojuction (BHJ) structure, a bilayer device can also give a comparable PCE by spin-coating P3HT and PCBM separately using orthogonal solvents. Factors that could affect the performance of bilayer devices, such as the drying rate and thermal annealing, were investigated. It was found that thermal annealing is essential since it would facilitate the interdiffusion of the two layers. In order to improve the range of spectral absorption of light, a squaraine dye was introduced. Squaraine has a high absorbance in the near-infrared range where the absorption is poor for P3HT. The PCE was found to increase by about 5 % by incorporating 0.5 wt % of squaraine into the BHJ system. In addition, squaraine was introduced to the bilayer system. It was found that the performance was slightly improved when squaraine was blended with PCBM in the upper layer. Various parameters were tuned to optimize the performance of this bilayer system. / 聚合物太陽能電池是其中一個比傳統晶體矽太陽能電池有更高成本效益的代替品。然而，聚合物太陽能電池仍然有若干缺點需要解決才能夠成為商業市場上流通的產品。首先，聚合物太陽能電池所使用的有機材料的電荷遷移率和壽命低，造成較大的串聯電阻和低效率的電荷分離。其次，聚合物太陽能電池的吸收光譜範圍較窄，不足以覆蓋整個太陽光譜。因此，相比起其他類型的太陽能電池，聚合物太陽能電池的最高能量轉換效率仍然偏低。在本論文中，我們建基於供體P3HT和受體PCBM' 進行了多分面的研究。我們發現旋塗聚合物溶液後，控制溶劑的乾燥速度是很重要的，因為這會影響聚合物鏈的排序和結晶度。另外，除了體異質接面結構外，利用正交溶劑來分別旋塗P3HT和PCBM的雙層結構亦可得到可比的最高能量轉換效率。我們研究了數個可能影響雙層結構聚合物太陽能電池效能的因素，例如乾燥速度和熱退火處理，並發現熱退火處理是非常重要，因為熱退火可以有利於兩層聚合物的相互擴散。為了擴闊電池的吸收光譜範圍，我們引入了方酸染料。方酸在近紅外線範圍內具有高的吸光率，而在此範圍內P3HT的吸光率都欠佳。在慘雜0.5重量百分比的方酸到原有的體異質接面結構後，最高能量轉換效率提升了大約百分之五。此外，方酸也才參雜到雙層結構系統內，結果發現，當方酸慘雜在上層中的PCBM後，電池的效能稍有改善。我們調整了各種參數，以完善該雙層系統的效能。 / Chow, Chun Yin = 雙層及摻雜染料聚合物太陽能電池研究 / 周俊然. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-92). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 07, October, 2016). / Chow, Chun Yin = Shuang ceng ji shan za ran liao ju he wu tai yang neng dian chi yan jiu / Zhou Junran. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

The purpose of this thesis is to study the link between the theory of optimal transportation and the fully non-linear elliptic equation of the form [with formula] called the Monge-Ampère equation, where Ω is a bounded domain in Rⁿ. This equation is related to the optimal transportation problem associated with the quadratic cost c(x; y) = x.y, or equivalently the distance squared cost c(x,y) =1/2|x-y|². / The thesis consists of two parts. The first part is a summary of the classical theory about the optimal transportation problem proposed by Monge and Kantorovich, followed by the recent development pioneered by Ma, Trudinger, and Wang on the regularity of solutions. The Monge-Ampère equation satisfied by the solution of the Monge-Kantorovich problem will also be derived. / 本文的目的是研究最佳的運輸理論和定義在Rⁿ上的一個有界域，寫成[附圖]的Monge–Ampère 方程，兩者之間的關繫。這條屬於完全非線性橢圓方程，對於Monge 與Kantorovich 所提出的運輸數學問題中，代入二次函數作為成本函數時所推導出的偏微分方程。 / 本文由兩部分組成。第一部分是總結Monge 與Kantorovich 對於優化運輸數學所作出的貢獻，其後是論述偏微分方程學家Trudinger 與馬氏、王氏對於這個問題所作出的突破由他們的理論中，可以推導上出述的Monge–Ampère 方程。 / 第二部分是顯示第二邊值問題的適定性（存在解和方程解的唯一性）。為了有一個全面的學習，我們首先重溫橢圓方程的古典Schauder 理論。證明的核心部分是推導出邊界條件的傾斜度估計和對二階導數的估計，根據Urbas 所論證的方法。然後應用由Evans 和Krylov 兩者曾證明了有關完全非線性橢圓方程的定理，獲得對二階導數的Schauder 估算。我們證明偏微分方程存在解是運用連續性的方法。最後，我們將討論如何應用二階線性橢圓方程的定理獲得方程解的高階規律性。 / Cheng, Siu Hong. / Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-81). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on 06, October, 2016). / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only.