• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • Tagged with
  • 9
  • 9
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Explorer l'aube cosmique et l'époque de réionisation avec le signal 21 cm / Exploring the Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization with the 21 cm Signal

Eames, Evan 14 November 2018 (has links)
Les simulations, de plus en plus, sont capables de saisir la complexité de l'époque de réionisation, durant laquelle l'hydrogène neutre de l'Univers a été ionisé par les premières sources lumineuses. Des bases de données représentatives de la multitude de signaux possibles seront nécessaires pour contraindre les paramètres des modèles quand des observations 21~cm seront disponibles. À cette fin, et en préparation des observations à venir sur des instruments comme SKA, nous avons développé une base de données de cones de lumières EoR haute-résolution (21ssd.obspm.fr), ainsi qu'une modélisation du bruit thermique. Nous avons également développé un formalisme permettant de quantifier la différence entre les modèles de cette base de données, en utilisant le spectre de puissance et la fonction de distribution des pixels. Nous trouvons que les deux diagnostiques sont sensibles à des paramètres différents des modèles, ce qui signifie que les deux peuvent être utilisés ensemble de manière complémentaire pour extraire l'information maximale. De plus, en utilisant le code 21cmFAST, nous avons développé des stratégies pour échantillonner l'espace des paramètres d'une manière optimale (plus homogène et isotrope), afin de fournir le meilleur point de départ entrainer un réseau de neurones. Ce réseau retrouve les paramètres du modèle en se basant sur une observable. Nous observons une amélioration modérée dans la précision de ses prédictions quand nous utilisons l'échantillonnage optimisé lors de son entrainement. / Simulations are increasingly able to capture the intricacies of the Epoch of Reionization, during which the neutral hydrogen in the Universe was ionized by the first luminous sources. Databases encompassing the range of possible signals will be needed to constrain parameter values when 21~cm observations are available. In preparation for upcoming experiments such as the SKA, we have developed a database of high-resolution EoR lightcones (21ssd.obspm.fr), along with realistic thermal noise modelling. We examine frameworks with which we can quantify the difference between entries in this database, specifically with the power spectrum and pixel distribution function. We find that the two diagnostics are sensitive to different parameters, meaning they can be used together to extract maximumal information. Then, using the 21cmFAST code, we explore how to optimally sample a parameter space (so that it is more homogeneous and isotropic), in order to provide the best set-up for parameter extraction. Finally, the improved sampling is used in training a neural network. The neural network uses observables as input data, and attempts to estimate the corresponding parameter values. When the optimal sampling is used as training data, we find that the neural network is able to estimate parameter values with a modest improvement in accuracy.
2

Observações na linha de 21 cm do hidrogênio: um ajuste fenomenológico para extração das oscilações acústicas de bárions do espectro de potência angular / Observations in the 21cm line of hydrogen: A phenomenological fit to extract the baryon acoustic oscillations from the angular power spectrum

Marins, Alessandro Ribeiro 17 September 2018 (has links)
Neste trabalho, procurei construir um ajuste fenomenológico que descrevesse o comportamento das oscilações acústicas de bárions (BAO) no espectro de potência da temperatura de brilho da linha de 21cm do átomo de hidrogênio neutro, na aproximação de Limber. O ajuste obtido demonstrou ser capaz de descrever o comportamento oscilatório do BAO nas faixas de redshift analisados, que foram de 0.127 à 0.479. Quando combinado com dados de supernova, restrições nos parâmetros cosmológicos tiveram resultados mais precisos. Contudo, restrições incluindo a medida do valor local da constante de Hubble piora os dados, devido a grandes divergências nos valores da constante de Hubble. / In this work, I searched for a phenomenological fit that describes the behavior of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) in the angular power spectrum of brightness temperature of the 21cm line from the neutral hydrogen atom, under Limbers approximation. The fit obtained has shown to be capable of describe the oscillatory behaviour of the BAO in the redshift bands analyzed, that lies in the range from 0.127 to 0.479. When combined with supernova data, the constraints in the cosmological parameters produced more precise results. However, constraints including measuring the local value of the Hubble. constant worsen the data, due to great divergences in the values of the Hubble constant.
3

Observações na linha de 21 cm do hidrogênio: um ajuste fenomenológico para extração das oscilações acústicas de bárions do espectro de potência angular / Observations in the 21cm line of hydrogen: A phenomenological fit to extract the baryon acoustic oscillations from the angular power spectrum

Alessandro Ribeiro Marins 17 September 2018 (has links)
Neste trabalho, procurei construir um ajuste fenomenológico que descrevesse o comportamento das oscilações acústicas de bárions (BAO) no espectro de potência da temperatura de brilho da linha de 21cm do átomo de hidrogênio neutro, na aproximação de Limber. O ajuste obtido demonstrou ser capaz de descrever o comportamento oscilatório do BAO nas faixas de redshift analisados, que foram de 0.127 à 0.479. Quando combinado com dados de supernova, restrições nos parâmetros cosmológicos tiveram resultados mais precisos. Contudo, restrições incluindo a medida do valor local da constante de Hubble piora os dados, devido a grandes divergências nos valores da constante de Hubble. / In this work, I searched for a phenomenological fit that describes the behavior of the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) in the angular power spectrum of brightness temperature of the 21cm line from the neutral hydrogen atom, under Limbers approximation. The fit obtained has shown to be capable of describe the oscillatory behaviour of the BAO in the redshift bands analyzed, that lies in the range from 0.127 to 0.479. When combined with supernova data, the constraints in the cosmological parameters produced more precise results. However, constraints including measuring the local value of the Hubble. constant worsen the data, due to great divergences in the values of the Hubble constant.
4

SENSITIVE VERY LONG BASELINE INTERFEROMETRY STUDIES OF INTERACTING/MERGING GALAXIES

Momjian, Emmanuel 01 January 2003 (has links)
It has become clear in recent years that the study of interacting/merging galaxies plays an important role in understanding important astrophysical phenomena. This thesis presents an observational study of interacting/merging galaxies at radio frequencies. The observations have been carried out at extremely high resolution using very long baseline interferometry. The observations described here include: (1) A study of the high velocity Hi absorption associated with the peculiar galaxy NGC 1275; (2) A study of the radio continuum and Hi absorption of the ULIRG IRAS 172080014; (3) A study of the radio continuum and Hi absorption of the LIRG NGC 7674. Some of the most prominent results of these observations include: Detection of several narrow Hi absorption features in the high velocity system associated with NGC 1275. These Hi absorption lines were observed toward the strong radio nucleus 3C 84. The results indicate the existence of several Hi clouds with velocity differences and widths similar to those seen in Galactic neutral hydrogen absorption and similar to some of the Hi absorption seen in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The discovery of an extreme nuclear starburst region in the advanced merger system IRAS 172080014. Our results suggest a star formation rate of 84 M yr-1, and a supernova rate of 4 yr-1. Hi absorption is detected in multiple components with optical depths ranging between 0.3 and 2.5, and velocity widths between 58 and 232 km s-1. The detection of complex jet structures in the inner 1 kpc region of the galaxy NGC 7674. At full resolution, several compact sources are observed with brightness temperatures on the order of 107 K. While it is possible that one of these compact structures could host an AGN, they could also be shock-like features formed by the interaction of the jet with compact interstellar clouds in the nuclear region of this galaxy. At least eight Hi absorption lines are detected toward some of the continuum emission regions in NGC 7674. If the widest Hi feature in our observations is rotationally broadened by a central supermassive black hole, the implied dynamical mass is about 107 M.
5

Understanding the large-scale structure of the the21-cm signal originating from the Epoch of Reionisation

Georgiev, Ivelin January 2022 (has links)
The first billion years from the beginning of the Universe is the focus of multiple astronomical facilities in the upcoming decade. This unique era is marked by the formation of the first stars and galaxies, which release ionising radiation into the intergalactic medium(IGM). As a result, these sources initiate a period during which the cold and dense IGM, primarily consisting of neutral hydrogen (HI ), is heated and ionised. We refer to this era as the Epoch of Reionisation (EoR). How the EoR transpired hence depends on the properties of these ionising sources, and this forms a vital piece to the puzzle of understanding the early Universe. This licentiate thesis aims to educate the reader on the power spectrum (PS) statistic of the 21-cm signal from HI during the EoR. The PS is a prospective observable by radio interferometers, such as the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) and the future Square Kilometre Array (SKA). It is an essential stepping stone in comprehending the dominant physical processes affecting the IGM at a given length scale during the EoR. In Paper I, we analyse the decomposition of the 21-cm PS from Lidz et al. (2007) (eq. 2)and study the evolution of its terms. We conduct our investigation for a set of C 2 -Ray and 21cmFAST simulations with volumes of (714 cMpc)3, concentrating on large-scales (k < 0.3 Mpc−1 ) as the signal-to-noise ratio of observing these scales will be high. We find that the 21-cm PS tracks the PS of neutral hydrogen fluctuations, which itself past a certain scale tracks the matter PS after a global ionisation fraction of x̄HII∼ 0.1. Hence, the 21-cm PS possesses a two-regime form for which the large-scale PS is a biased version of the cosmological density field and the small-scale PS depends on the astrophysics of the EoR. We construct a bias parameter to explore whether the 21-cm PS can be used as a probe of cosmology on large k-scales. We discover a transition feature for both simulations, following the ktrans ≈ 2/λMFP empirical formula. The transition scale between the scale-independent and scale-dependent bias regimes is directly related to the value of the mean free path of ionising photons (λMFP ).
6

Observations et modélisation des enveloppes circumstellaires d'étoiles AGB

Libert, Yannick 25 September 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Les enveloppes circumstellaires autour des géantes rouges s'établissent pendant de longues périodes qui peuvent durer jusqu'à 10^6 ans. Elles peuvent donc être étendues (~1pc, peut-être plus) et nous avons besoin de différents traceurs complémentaires pour décrire leurs propriétés globales. Je présente dans cette étude un programme conçu pour examiner les propriétés de la matière dans les parties externes des enveloppes circumstellaires autour d'étoiles de la Branche Asymptotique des Géantes (AGB) et leur liaison avec les enveloppes internes. Je présenterai donc des observations HI à 21 cm ainsi que des observations des transitions rotationnelles de la molécule CO pour plusieurs types d'étoiles. Notre interprétation des profils HI observés est que le vent stellaire est freiné par le milieu interstellaire ambiant. Nous avons conçu un modèle sphérique pour tenter de prédire cette émission HI, et je discuterai ses résultats. Dans plusieurs cas, l'émission HI est allongée dans une direction compatible avec le mouvement propre de l'étoile, un phénomène qui est observé de plus en plus couramment et qui pourrait de même s'expliquer dans le cadre d'une interaction avec le milieu local.
7

Contribution à l'étude de la structure du milieu interstellaire

Lazareff, Bernard 24 June 1975 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thése comporte deux parties : - l'observation des spectres d'absorption de la raie 1420 mhz de l'hydrogène interstellaire dans la direction de radiosources extragalactiques, et interprétation de ces mesures. Les résultats permettent de discuter la température et la structure des nuages d'hydrogène neutre, et de confirmer l'existence d'un milieu internuage de faible densité et de température élevée. - dans la deuxième partie : on met en évidence une instabilité thermique du milieu interstellaire. Pour cela, on effectue une analyse linéaire de stabilité, puis on présente les résultats de calculs hydrodynamiques numériques. L'existence de cette instabilité pourrait permettre d'interpréter certains résultats observationnels.
8

Map making from transit interferometers observations for 21cm Intensity Mapping experiments : Application to Tianlai and PAON-4 / Reconstruction de cartes à partir des observations d'interféromètres radio en mode transit pour les expériences de cartographie d'intensité à 21 cm : application à Tianlai et PAON-4

Zhang, Jiao 26 June 2017 (has links)
L'analyse des propriétés statistiques de la distribution de la matière dans le cosmos (Grandes Structures, LSS or Large Scale Structure) est l'une des principales sondes cosmologiques qui permettent l'étude du modèle standard cosmologique, en particulier les paramètres caractérisant la matière noire et l'énergie noire. Les Oscillations Acoustiques Baryoniques (BAO's) sont l'une des mesures qui peuvent être extraites de l'étude de la distribution de matière à grande échelle (LSS).L'observation de la distribution cosmique de la matière à partir de l'émission à 21 cm de l'hydrogène atomique neutre (HI) est une nouvelle méthode, complémentaire des relevés optiques pour cartographier la distribution de la matière dans le cosmos. La méthode de cartographie d'intensité (Intensity Mapping) a été proposée depuis moins d'une dizaine d'années comme une méthode efficace pour cartographier en trois dimensions l'émission radio à 21 cm. Elle n'implique en particulier pas la détection des objets individuels (galaxies), et peut donc être effectué avec des instruments plus modestes en taille que ceux comme SKA ou FAST qui sont conçus pour détecter les galaxies à 21 cm à des distances cosmologiques. Des interféromètres radio utilisant un ensemble de réflecteurs cylindriques ou paraboliques fixes, observant le ciel en mode transit sont adaptés à la cartographie d'intensité. Le mode d'observation spécifique de ce type de radio télescope en cartographie d'intensité est étudié dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse. On montre en particulier qu'une méthode spécifique de reconstruction des cartes du ciel à partir des visibilités peut être appliquée aux observations de ces interféromètres fonctionnant en mode transit. Cette méthode correspond à la décomposition en modes m des harmoniques sphériques et est très performante pour la reconstruction de grandes zones du ciel observées en mode transit. Un code de reconstruction fondé sur ce principe a été développé, ainsi que différents critères de comparaison des performances instrumentales, comme le lobe d'antenne synthétisé, le spectre de bruit sur les cartes reconstruites et la réponse globale de l'instrument dans le plan (l,m) des harmoniques sphériques. La méthode a été appliquée à différentes configurations des interféromètres composés de réflecteurs paraboliques ou cylindriques dans le cadre des projets PAON-4 et Tianlai. Outre l'optimisation des configurations des interféromètres Tianlai et PAON-4, le travail présenté inclut une première application de la méthode aux données PAON-4. / The analysis of the statistical properties of the distribution of matter in the cosmos (LSS or Large Scale Structure) is one of the main cosmological probes that allow the study of the cosmological standard model, in particular the parameters characterizing dark matter and dark energy. Baryonic Acoustic Oscillations (BAO's) are one of the measurements that can be extracted from the study of matter distribution in large-scale structure (LSS).The observation of the cosmic distribution of the matter from neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) 21 cm emission is a new method, complementary to the optical observation to map the distribution of matter in the cosmos. In the last decade, the Intensity Mapping method has been proposed as an effective method for mapping the 21cm radio emission in three dimensions. In particular, it does not require the detection of individual objects (galaxies), and can therefore be performed with instruments smaller in size than those such as SKA or FAST, which are designed to detect 21 cm galaxies at cosmological distances. A radio interferometer using a set of fixed cylindrical or parabolic reflectors observing the sky in transit mode are suitable instruments for intensity mapping surveys. The specific observational mode from this type of radio telescope by intensity mapping is studied in the context of this thesis. We show in particular that a specific sky maps reconstruction method from the visibilities can be applied to the observations of these interferometers operating in transit mode. This method corresponds to the m-modes decomposition of the spherical harmonics and is very efficient for the reconstruction of large sky areas observed in transit mode. A reconstruction code based on this principle has been developed, as well as different criteria for the comparison of instrumental performances, such as the synthesized antenna lobe, the noise spectrum of the reconstructed maps and the overall instrument response in the spherical harmonics (l,m) plane. The method has then been applied to different configurations of interferometers composed of parabolic or cylindrical reflectors in the PAON-4 and Tianlai projects. In addition to optimizing the Tianlai and PAON-4 interferometer configurations, the work presented here includes a first application of the method to the PAON-4 data.
9

Feeding and Feedback in the Circumgalactic Medium(CGM) of Low-redshift Spiral Galaxies: a gastronomical talein X-ray, 21-cm, and Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect

Das, Sanskriti 08 September 2022 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0239 seconds