Die Abhandlung von den drei Betrügern war ein Konzentrat der ketzerischen Meinungen des modernen Europa in einer Zeit nicht nur der Kirchen-, sondern auch der Religionskritik. Schröders Edition bringt nach einer langen Einleitung den Text der in der Nationalbibliothek Wien aufbewahrten la teinischen Handschrift, großzügig durch Fußnoten kommentiert, in denen auch die Varianten der drei Druckausgaben des 18. Jh.s verzeichnet sind, die wiederum neueren Ausgaben zugrunde liegen, deren fehlerhafte Lesarten zugleich korrigiert werden. Sodann bietet Schröders Edition eine deutsche Übersetzung der Schrift, die von Johann Christian Edelmann stammt und unter dem Titel 'Von den Betrügereyen der Religionen' in einer einzigen Breslauer Abschrift existiert.

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Dans son livre de 1927, La Structure de l’âme et l’expérience mystique, le dominicain Ambroise Gardeil (1859-1931) a proposé une interprétation forte des textes de Thomas d’Aquin sur la connaissance de l’âme par elle-même, lui permettant de penser, selon une analogie de structure, une connaissance immédiate et expérimentale de Dieu. La présente thèse est un travail de vérification critique, sur l’oeuvre même de Thomas et à travers les diverses noétiques thomistes, de la valeur heuristique d’une telle interprétation. Nous dégageons d’abord la perspective métaphysique qui fut celle de Gardeil pour reconnaître dans la connaissance habituelle de l’âme humaine en tant qu’esprit (mens), une structure d’immédiate intelligibilité à soi, fondant toute perception expérimentale et actuelle de soi, mais demeurant en puissance. Nous confrontons ensuite l’herméneutique d’A. Gardeil à celle d’un autre thomiste, M.-D. Roland-Gosselin (1883-1934), qui insista au contraire, en une correspondance inédite que nous publions, sur la nécessaire médiation des actes objectifs d’intellection dans la connaissance de l’âme par elle-même. Pour comprendre ce conflit thomiste des interprétations, nous remontons alors, comme Gardeil, à l’herméneutique que Thomas proposa lui-même des réflexions trinitaires d’Augustin sur l’esprit (mens), sa connaissance (notitia) et son amour (amor). Enfin, reprenant le questionnement philosophique de D. Dubarle (1907-1987), nous examinons si l’analogie entre connaissance de soi et connaissance de Dieu, discernée par Gardeil chez Augustin et Thomas, permet de relever le puissant défi de Kant, et de faire place, en thomisme, à une expérience de Dieu réelle et immédiate. / In his 1927 study, The Structure of the Soul, the Dominican Ambroise Gardeil (1859-1931) delivered a powerful interpretation of Thomas Aquinas’ works on the knowledge of the soul through the soul itself, thus enabling him to fathom, by structural analogy, an immediate and experimental knowledge of God. The following thesis endeavours to critically examine, through the works of Thomas and diverse thomistic noetics, the heuristic value of such an interpretation. We will first identify the metaphysical perspective that allowed Gardeil to recognize in the habitual knowledge of the human soul as mind (mens) a structure of immediate selfintelligibility, founding all experimental and actual perception of self, yet remaining in potency. We will then confront Ambroise Gardeil’s hermeneutics to those of another thomist, M.-D. Roland-Gosselin (1883-1934), who, in a previously unedited correspondence that we are publishing, insisted on the necessary mediation of objective acts of intellection in the knowledge of the soul through the soul itself. In order to understand this thomistic conflict of interpretation, like Gardeil we will rely on the hermeneutics that Thomas himself proposed on Augustine’s trinitarian considerations on the mind (mens), his knowledge (notitia) and his love (amor). Finally, drawing upon D. Dubarle’s (1907-1987) philosophical interrogation, we will examine whether the analogy between knowledge of self and knowledge of God that Gardeil detected in Augustine and Thomas, can address Kant’s compelling challenge and grant in Thomism a real and immediate experience of God.

葉植興. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院中國語言及文學學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 142-146. / Ye Zhixing. / Chapter 第一章： --- 導言 --- p.1-4 / Chapter 第二章： --- 從阮籍的仕宦生涯以看其玫治立 場、思想行爲與人格 --- p.5 -19 / Chapter 第三章： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的創作背景及思想内容 --- p.20 -36 / Chapter 第一節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的創作背景 --- p.20-21 / Chapter 第二節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的思想内容 --- p.21-36 / Chapter 第四章： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的藝術特徵 --- p.37 -114 / Chapter 第一節： --- 從〈詠懷詩〉的淵源以觀其 藝術特徵 --- p.37-40 / Chapter 第二節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉中比興的探索 --- p.41-54 / Chapter ˘ثł： --- "解詩的""比興´ح與藝術創 作的""比興´ح" / Chapter 乙： --- "從解詩的""比興""來看 〈詠懷詩〉的比興" / Chapter 丙： --- "從藝術創作的""比興""來 看〈詠懷詩〉的比興" / Chapter 第三節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的主要意象分析 --- p.55-79 / Chapter ˘ثł： --- 比興與意象的關係 / Chapter [一]： --- 赋比興與托物寓意的關係 / Chapter [二]： --- 阮籍〈詠懷詩〉中的比興與 意象的關係 / Chapter 乙： --- "〈詠懷詩〉中""鳥""的意象分析" / Chapter 丙： --- 〈詠懷詩〉中草木的意象分析 / Chapter 丁 --- ：〈詠懷詩〉中意象運用的方法 / Chapter 第四節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉中用事的探索 --- p.80-97 / Chapter 甲： --- "“用事""的界定" / Chapter 乙： --- 〈詠懷詩〉用事的旨義、方法 / Chapter 丙： --- 〈詠懷詩〉用事的特色 / Chapter 第五節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉用語上歧義性的 探索 --- p.98-106 / Chapter 甲： --- 引言 / Chapter 乙： --- 〈詠懷詩〉中歧義用語的 分析和使用方法 / Chapter 第六節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉的篇章組織初探 --- p.107-112 / Chapter 甲： --- 篇章之間的互補關係 / Chapter 乙： --- 逐層深入及集中焦點的 詩篇組織 / Chapter 第七節： --- 結論 --- p.113-114 / Chapter 第五章： --- 〈詠懷詩〉在五言古詩中的藝術成就和 地位 --- p.115 -141 / Chapter 第一節： --- 從阮籍以前的五言古詩發展 看〈詠懷詩〉的藝術成就和地 位 --- p.115-125 / Chapter 第二節： --- 前人對〈詠懷詩〉藝術成就的評 價 --- p.125-128 / Chapter 第三節： --- 〈詠懷詩〉在五言古詩中的影 響 --- p.128-141 / 附錄：參考書目 --- p.142-146

W.P. Allis, Sanborn C. Brown [and] Edgar Everhart. / "July 16, 1951." / Bibliography: p. 9. / Army Signal Corps Contract No. DA36-039 sc-100 Project No. 8-102B-0. Dept. of the Army Project No. 3-99-10-022.

In this study, the sediment cores taken in the northern South China Sea (SCS) as well as the settling particulates collected from time-series sediment traps deployed in the same area have been analyzed for Pb-210 activities in order to estimate the sedimentation rate and mass flux from core data and to obtain temporal variations in mass flux and Pb-210 from the time-series sediment traps. The main purposes are to compare and to discuss the mass balance problem between the sediment trap and core results in terms of mass flux, Pb-210 activity and its fluxes. The time-averaged particulate fluxes measured from different depths at M3S and M1T sites in the northern SCS generally increase with depth, reflecting an increasing effect of the lateral transport. The upper and middle traps display a synchronous trend in mass flux variations. The mean particulate flux at S5 site near Luzon Strait is clearly higher than the two sites mentioned above probably because of the effect of topography and bottom current. Distributions of Pb-210 are influenced by particulate scavenging: the longer the settling particles stay in the water column the more the surrounding Pb-210 will be scavenged. The temporal variations of Pb-210 at M3S show a similar trend and an increase with depth. At M1T site, the temporal variations of Pb-210 show no clear trend due to insufficient samples. It has been commonly observed in the marginal sea that Pb-210 activity is inversely correlated with the associated mass flux, i.e. higher Pb-210 is associated with lower mass flux in terms of their temporal variations. This study is also in line with such observations. The mean water content of the core at I located near the shelf break in the northern SCS is about 28%, and its mean loss on ignition (L.O.I.) is 3.2%. These are similar to those observed previously in the northern SCS (water content: 25-37%; L.O.I.: 3%-8%). The sedimentation rate as determined from the excess Pb-210 profile at core I is 18cm/100yr which is at the lower end of the previous study (16-52 cm/100yr) (Wu, 2006). The sediment flux and sedimentation rate estimated from both the Pb-210 inventory (I) and the upper limit of sedimentation rate are identical, respectively, at 0.32 g/cm2/yr and 18cm/100yr. Thus the mixing effect could be neglected. The Pb-210 flux estimated from the deep sediment trap at 2163m (M3S, 77.4 dpm/m2/d) is much lower than that observed from the core sediment (F, 761.1 dpm/m2/d). Although the specific Pb-210 activity of the particles is much greater than that in the surface sediment, the particle flux is too small relative to the mass flux of the sediment, suggesting that additional sediment with Pb-210 has been transported laterally from elsewhere and deposited here. This results in a large imbalance between the sinking particulates and the underlying sediment in mass flux and Pb-210 flux.

This study reports the first sediment trap mooring results obtained under the SIBEX program (South China Sea Integrated Biogeochemical Experiments). Two strings of sediment traps were deployed respectively at M1 located to the southwest of Taiwan, and M2 in the northern basin of the South China Sea (SCS). Box cores were also taken at several sites to the south of M2. The main purposes are to measure settling particulate fluxes at various depths for the studies of temporal and spatial variations of the particulate flux and 210Pb activity. The box cores were used to determine the sedimentation rates. These are to enhance our understanding of the characteristics of the particulate distribution and the roles the particulate matter plays in the biogeochemical processes in the SCS. Particulate fluxes measured from different depths at M1 and M2 generally increase with depth. In temporal variation, M1 has higher amplitudes than M2, with highest amplitudes at 948 m where highest flux (2025 mg/m2/d) was observed. The particulate flux at 948 m has higher values than at 248 m, probably due to lateral transport. At M2, the particulate flux at 240 m has higher values with greater amplitudes than at greater depths, i.e. 1240 m, 2240 m and 3240 m, where their particulate fluxes show a synchronous trend with small amplitudes in temporal variation. The time-averaged particulate flux for each trap ranges from 199 to 554 mg/m2/d, consistently higher than previous observations (76~104 mg/m2/d). However, our values are comparable to the mean particulate flux (280 mg/m2/d) estimated from terrigenous inputs. The apparent changes in particulate flux in the SCS over the past ten years warrants further investigations. The temporal variations of Pb-210 show a synchronous trend and a rapid increase with depth as observed at M1 and M2. This rapid increase of Pb-210 with depth reflects effective scavenging by sinking particulates although particulate concentrations are low. The loss on ignition (L.O.I.) at M1 and M2 was inversely correlated with Pb-210, indicating that Pb-210 was expelled from biogenic particulates or organic matter. The particulate fluxes around 240 m at M1 and M2 were generally positively correlated with the L.O.I., suggesting that the high particulate fluxes are probably contributed by biogenic particulates or organic matter. The sedimentation rates as determined from excess Pb-210 profiles range from 9.01~23.13 cm/100yr. These rapid sedimentation rates reflect the effect of mixing and additional sediments accumulated through lateral transport. The surface layers of these cores were subject to perturbation and mixing, based on the penetration depths of the excess Pb-210. The Pb-210 flux estimated from the inventory of excess Pb-210 in the sediments is much greater than that observed from the traps, suggesting that additional Pb-210 has been accumulated via lateral transport and slumping of nearby surface sediments. Based on the mean particulate flux observed, one may roughly estimate the corresponding sedimentation rate of about 10 cm/ka, which is an order of magnitude lower than those determined by the excess Pb-210 method. Because the upper layers of the sediments have been strongly disturbed and mixed with the additional sediments accumulated through lateral transport, the sedimentation rates as determined by the excess Pb-210 method are probably over-estimated by a factor of 10 to 20.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive adult onset neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective death of the upper and lower motor neurons of the brain and spinal cord. Neuromuscular synapses are lost leading to paralysis and ultimately death. Non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, have been shown to contribute to ALS disease progression in mouse models. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, have been shown to be activated in ALS and contribute to disease progression. Hundreds of mRNAs have shown to be dysregulated in a variety of ALS cell types and tissues, including total spinal cord, acutely isolated microglia, and in vitro differentiated motor neurons. These mRNAs can be regulated post-transcriptionally by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small endogenous non-coding RNAs with important regulatory roles in a wide range of cellular processes. This dissertation examines the contribution of miRNAs to ALS disease progression in microglia. I acutely isolated primary microglia from the spinal cords of transgenic mice overexpressing human wild type (WT) SOD1 and human G93A SOD1. I used small RNA sequencing to profile the miRNAs that are expressed during disease progression, and identified miRNAs that are differentially expressed. I confirmed these results by quantitative PCR and examined the expression changes of predicted targets in a microglia RNA-seq dataset. Here I show that miRNAs are dysregulated in acutely isolated microglia from SOD1 G93A transgenic mice, and that miR-155, a pro-inflammatory miRNA, and miR-210, a hypoxia-inducible miRNA, are significantly upregulated during disease progression. In addition, miR-1198-5p, miR-182, miR-503, and miR-668 are also dysregulated, and predicted mRNA targets of all six of these miRNAs are differentially expressed during disease progression. To my knowledge, this is the first analysis of miRNA expression in microglia during ALS disease progression. This work contributes to the understanding of the contribution of a non-neuronal cell type to ALS disease progression and serves as a paradigm for studies in other non-neuronal cell types, such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and other ALS mouse models.

Die Abhandlung von den drei Betrügern war ein Konzentrat der ketzerischen Meinungen des modernen Europa in einer Zeit nicht nur der Kirchen-, sondern auch der Religionskritik. Schröders Edition bringt nach einer langen Einleitung den Text der in der Nationalbibliothek Wien aufbewahrten la teinischen Handschrift, großzügig durch Fußnoten kommentiert, in denen auch die Varianten der drei Druckausgaben des 18. Jh.s verzeichnet sind, die wiederum neueren Ausgaben zugrunde liegen, deren fehlerhafte Lesarten zugleich korrigiert werden. Sodann bietet Schröders Edition eine deutsche Übersetzung der Schrift, die von Johann Christian Edelmann stammt und unter dem Titel "Von den Betrügereyen der Religionen" in einer einzigen Breslauer Abschrift existiert.

I argue (1) that Alvin Plantinga’s theory of warrant is plausible and (2) that, contrary to the Pandora’s Box objection, there are certain serious world religions that cannot successfully use Plantinga’s epistemology to demonstrate that their beliefs could be warranted in the same way that Christian belief can be warranted. In arguing for (1), I deploy Ernest Sosa’s Swampman case to show that Plantinga’s proper function condition is a necessary condition for warrant. I then engage three objections to Plantinga’s theory of warrant, each of which attempts to demonstrate that his conditions for warrant are neither necessary nor sufficient. Having defended the plausibility of Plantinga’s theory of warrant, I present and expand his key arguments to the effect that naturalism cannot make use of it. These arguments provide the conceptual tools that are needed to argue for (2): that there are certain world religions that cannot legitimately use Plantinga’s theory of warrant to demonstrate that their beliefs could be warranted in the same way that Christian belief can be warranted.