康寶文. / 手稿本, 複本據手稿本影印. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Shou gao ben, fu ben ju shou gao ben ying yin. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 827-840). / Kang Baowen. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 第一章 --- 秦始皇帝統一以前秦國古文字概述 / Chapter 第一節 --- 秦公鐘、簋與石鼓文 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 詛楚文 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三節 --- 雲夢秦簡 --- p.57 / Chapter 第二章 --- 秦始皇刻石溯原 / Chapter 第一節 --- 巡行封禪 --- p.69 / Chapter 第二節 --- 刻石之形狀 --- p.77 / Chapter 第三節 --- 刻石之書者 --- p.85 / Chapter 第三章 --- 始皇刻石銘辭考釋 / Chapter 第一節 --- 繹山刻石考釋 始皇廾八年 --- p.90 / Chapter 第二節 --- 泰山刻石考釋 始皇廾八年 --- p.264 / Chapter 第三節 --- 琅邪臺刻石考釋 始皇廾八年 --- p.405 / Chapter 第四節 --- 之眾刻石考釋始 皇廾九年 --- p.502 / Chapter 第五節 --- 之眾東觀刻石考釋 始皇廾九年 --- p.530 / Chapter 第六節 --- 碣石門刻石考釋 始皇卅二年 --- p.551 / Chapter 第七節 --- 會稽刻石考釋 始皇卅七年 --- p.608 / Chapter 第八節 --- 其他秦始皇刻石存目 --- p.817 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 引用書目簡稱表 --- p.825 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 參考書目 --- p.827

Event-based sediment budgets were developed in a small agricultural sub-watershed using radionuclide tracers in conjunction with traditional monitoring techniques. The result of these budgets quantified the flux of material from each sediment source in the sub-watershed. The first step in the study was to quantify the net flux of material through the watershed outlet for runoff events. Results indicated that a pronounced clockwise hysteresis effect occurred during all studied events. The cause of the hysteresis effect was attributed to exhaustion of the upland (i.e., hillslopes and floodplains) sediment source. The hysteresis effect was dampened during an extreme flash flood event that caused overbank flow. This dampening was attributed to an increase in upland sediment mobilization resulting from overbank flow. Results of the event-based monitoring were compared against a previously developed sediment rating curve that assumed a power-law relationship between suspended sediment transport and water flow rates. The results indicate that the power-law relationship grossly under predicted the sediment flux over each runoff event. A tracing technique was utilized to establish the relative contributions from the uplands and the stream channel (i.e., channel banks and bed). This technique used the relationship between the naturally occurring radionuclide tracers 7Be and 210Pbxs to differentiate eroded upland soils from channel-derived sediments in the suspended sediment loads. A simple two end-member unmixing model was used to determine the relative contribution from each source. Results indicate that the upland source was the dominant contributor to the suspended load early in the runoff events, but channel contributions were more prevalent at later stages, reinforcing the conclusion drawn from the hysteresis observation. Further analysis of the results indicated that the uplands contributed the majority of the material to the suspended load because the sediment transport rate during the early stages of the event was much larger than during the later stages. Therefore, watershed managers wishing to minimize non-point source pollution resulting from erosion should first focus their efforts on reducing erosion of upland soils.

The objective of this study was to determine the origin of sediment currently collected in Black Lake, an extremely productive salmon fishing environment located along a remote section of the Alaska Peninsula, AK. To meet the goals of this project, soil cores were collected at the site during an extensive field study. The field investigation was based on a prior numerical study, which revealed the most erodible areas and the hydrologic patterns in Black Lake and its tributaries, namely the Alec River. From this study, select locations of the catchment were chosen for coring. These included the Alec River Delta, Black Lake, and four tributaries in the catchment. These samples were analyzed for the radionuclides 137Cs and 210Pb to determine soil deposition rates using Gamma Spectroscopy. To determine the sedimentation rate of each coring location, spikes in the 137Cs activity were connected to the known cesium deposition peak in 1964 and the depth of soil above the peak was divided by the number of years that have passed. This gave a spatially averaged deposition rate within the lake of roughly 0.25 cm/y. This result closely compared to the numerical study of Elhakeem and Papanicolaou (2008) and to a study done in close proximity to Black Lake in the early 1990s (Stihler et al. 1992). The rate of each location was then validated by visually analyzing each core using soil color demarcation lines to determine the soil composition. This analysis resulted in the discovery of a variety of soil types ranging from silts and clays, to coarse sands, to volcanic tephra. It was concluded that the lake flow patterns, the introduction of volcanic material from nearby Mt. Veniaminof, and back water resulting from deposition occurring down stream of Black Lake at the Black River's junction with the West Fork River are some of the main contributors for the deposition in the lake.

Notre étude a porté, d'une part sur l'effet du bicalutamide, un inhibiteur du récepteur aux androgènes, sur la réponse de trois lignées de cancer de prostate en association avec les rayonnements ionisants, d'autre part sur la recherche d'une corrélation entre l'expression des microARN miR-210 et miR-373 sur la tolérance à l'hypoxie et la réponse au rayonnement.Nous montrons que le bicalutamide induit un effet cytostatique et cytotoxique dans la lignée LNCaP, qui exprime le récepteur aux androgènes. Les lignées DU145 et PC3, qui n'expriment pas ou peu le récepteur, sont sensiblement plus résistantes mais sont cependant affectées par les concentrations élevées de bicalutamide. Cette sensibilité résiduelle suggère l'existence d'un mécanisme secondaire, indépendant de la voie de signalisation du récepteur aux androgènes. L'inhibition de la prolifération produite par le bicalutamide s'accompagne d'un blocage du cycle cellulaire en phase G1 avec une augmentation de l'expression de la protéine p27 et une diminution de l'expression de la protéine HER2. L'association concomitante au bicalutamide se traduit par un effet radioprotecteur dans la lignée LNCaP. Cette observation nous conduit à déconseiller l'association concomitante du bicalutamide avec la radiothérapie, notamment en cas d'irradiation hypofractionnée.Facteur bien connu de radiorésistance dans les tumeurs solides, l'hypoxie est associée à un mauvais pronostic dans les cancers de la prostate. Nos données montrent qu'en sus de l'induction de marqueurs classiques comme HIF-1α, CA9 et VEGF, l'hypoxie promeut l'expression du microARN miR-210, (mais non de miR-373) indépendamment de l'expression du récepteur aux androgènes. Les données suggèrent que miR-210, dont l'expression apparaît corrélée à la résistance à l'hypoxie, pourrait constituer un bon biomarqueur pronostique dans le cancer de la prostate. En revanche, l'inhibition de l'expression de miR-210 n'a aucun effet sur la radiosensibilité des cellules en condition d'hypoxie.

Les membranes cellulaires sont constamment remodelées par le bourgeonnement et la fusion de vésicules assurant le transport entre les différentes organelles. De nombreuses protéines périmembranaires orchestrent ce trafic vésiculaire. Les hélices amphipathiques jouent un rôle important dans le mécanisme d'interaction de certaines de ces protéines avec les membranes. A la différence de domaines protéiques reconnaissant spécifiquement un lipide, les hélices amphipathiques reconnaissent plus globalement la physicochimie d'une membrane (forme, charge...). GMAP-210 est une très longue protéine golgienne qui agit comme corde moléculaire grâce à sa structure en coiled-coil. Le laboratoire avait montré que l'extrémité N-terminale de GMAP-210 possède un motif ALPS, une hélice amphipathique singulière sensible à la courbure membranaire. Les motifs ALPS sont caractérisés par l'absence de résidus basiques, l‘interaction avec les membranes ne repose donc que sur l'hydrophobicité. Pour compenser ce déficit, la liaison des motifs ALPS n'a lieu qu'au contact de membranes fortement courbées. Dans le cas de GMAP-210, le motif ALPS permettrait de capturer des vésicules de transport. J'ai démontré que l'autre extrémité de la corde interagit avec Arf1GTP sur des membranes. Cette interaction est conditionnée par le contact avec la surface membranaire d'une petite hélice amphipathique située en aval du domaine d'interaction avec Arf1. De façon remarquable, l'interaction entre Arf1GTP et le domaine C-terminal de GMAP-210 est régulée indirectement par la courbure membranaire. En effet, ArfGAP1, identifiée comme la première protéine possédant un motif ALPS, est capable de dissocier rapidement le complexe de membranes courbées. Par conséquent, GMAP-210 connecte des membranes courbées, par exemple des vésicules, à des membranes planes recouvertes d'Arf1, par exemple des citernes golgiennes. Le mécanisme vectoriel d'attachement de membranes par GMAP-210 repose donc sur de nombreuses hélices amphipathiques (deux dans GMAP-210, une dans Arf1 et une dans ArfGAP1) et permettrait d'expliquer le confinement des vésicules de transport autour de l'appareil de Golgi. Des mesures de vitesse spontanée de désorption membranaire des extrémités de GMAP-210 suggèrent que l'attachement des membranes est très dynamique et a lieu sur des échelles de temps de la seconde à la minute. Le motif ALPS n'est pas le seul motif amphipathique sensible à la courbure. L'alpha-synucléine, une protéine synaptique célèbre pour son implication dans la maladie de Parkinson, contient également une hélice amphipathique senseur de courbure. Curieusement, la physicochimie du motif ALPS et de l'alpha-synucléine est opposée tant pour la face polaire que pour la face hydrophobe. L'alpha-synucléine a une périodicité atypique (3/11), une face polaire zwittérionique et une face hydrophobe présentant de petits résidus et des thréonines. En utilisant des liposomes de composition et de rayon définis, j'ai montré que la charge négative des membranes est un paramètre discriminant dans la liaison aux membranes des deux protéines. En effet, à la différence de GMAP-210, l'alpha-synucléine est strictement dépendante d'un taux élevé de phospholipides anioniques. Par contre, ces protéines sont toutes les deux très sensibles à la nature des chaînes insaturées des phospholipides. Les premiers résultats montrent néanmoins des subtilités intéressantes : l'alpha-synucléine semble mieux adaptée que GMAP-210 à une membrane polyinsaturée comme l'est celle des vésicules synaptiques. En conclusion, de nombreuses hélices amphipathiques sont impliquées dans le trafic vésiculaire. Elles présentent de nettes différences dans leur physicochimie suggérant une adaptation à des membranes cellulaires (de composition lipidique et de rayon définis) par des mécanismes qui restent largement à explorer.

Main objective of this study is to design a compliant mechanism with high frequency and high mechanical amplification ratio to be used for amplifying the stroke of a piezostack actuator. In this thesis, first of all, related literature is investigated and then alternative conceptual designs are established utilizing the mechanisms found in literature survey. Once best conceptual design is selected, detailed design of this mechanism is done. For detailed design of the compliant mechanism, topology optimization method is used in this study. To design the mechanism, first a design domain is defined and then a finite element model of the design domain is prepared to be used in topology optimization runs. After running the topology optimization model by using TOSCA with ANSYS, results are imported to ANSYS, where final performance of the mechanism design is checked. After finalizing design of the mechanism, it is produced and its performance is tested through experiments.

Main objective of this study is to design a compliant mechanism with high frequency and high mechanical amplification ratio to be used for amplifying the stroke of a piezostack actuator. In this thesis, first of all, related literature is investigated and then alternative conceptual designs are established utilizing the mechanisms found in literature survey. Once best conceptual design is selected, detailed design of this mechanism is done. For detailed design of the compliant mechanism, topology optimization method is used in this study. To design the mechanism, first a design domain is defined and then a finite element model of the design domain is prepared to be used in topology optimization runs. After running the topology optimization model by using TOSCA with ANSYS, results are imported to ANSYS, where final performance of the mechanism design is checked. After finalizing design of the mechanism, it is produced and its performance is tested through experiments.

La incorporació de les noves Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació (TIC) al camp de l'educació ha fet possible la creació de nous entorns per l'educació que faciliten els processos d'ensenyament i aprenentatge, afegint noves eines de treball i funcionalitats i fent possible la formació per a qualsevol individu de manera no presencial i asíncrona. En aquest sentit, la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC) és una universitat sorgida de la societat de la informació que disposa del seu propi entorn virtual d'aprenentatge, un laboratori únic per a la innovació docent. Seguint la “Declaració de Bolonya” i l'Espai Europeu d'Educació Superior (EEES), el model educatiu de la UOC està centrat en el concepte d'activitat com un mitjà per a que l'estudiant assoleixi noves competències i, cada vegada més, aposta per la flexibilitat i adaptació del procés d'aprenentatge. En aquest marc, el present treball de tesi fa servir les TIC com un mitjà per a facilitar els procés d'adquisició de competències de cada estudiant. Es proposa la creació d'itineraris formatius adaptatius (IFAs) mitjançant l'especificació IMS-Learning Design (IMS-LD) per treballar la formació adaptativa. Aquesta consisteix en proporcionar als estudiants, en cada moment, les activitats i els recursos que més s'ajusten al seu perfil, oferint a cada estudiant un itinerari concret de formació. Conseqüentment, es produeix una adaptació constant a la progressió de l'estudiant que pot afavorir el seu procés d'aprenentatge, esdevenint un primer pas cap a la personalització, un dels objectius de l'EEES. Amb aquest objectiu, es descriu com es realitza tant el disseny conceptual dels itineraris formatius adaptatius, com la seva creació i implementació amb IMS-LD. També es descriu el procés d'edició i execució dels itineraris amb les eines seleccionades (ReCourse i CopperCore) i es mostren les limitacions existents per implementar la formació adaptativa i com s'han abordat. Finalment, per demostrar la seva viabilitat i aplicació real en un entorn virtual d'aprenentatge, es realitzen dues proves pilot en el marc dels estudis d'Informàtica, Multimèdia i Telecomunicació a la UOC. En aquestes proves pilot s'han implementat diferents itineraris formatius adaptatius creats amb IMS-LD, proporcionant les bases d'un primer pas cap a la introducció de la formació adaptativa en l'educació superior. / The inclusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the field of education has made possible the creation of new environments for education that facilitate the processes of teaching and learning, adding new tools and features and making possible training for any individual using a distance and asynchronous model. The Open University of Catalonia (UOC) is a university arising from the information society that has its own virtual learning environment, a unique laboratory for educational innovation. Following the ``Bologna Declaration'' and the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), the UOC's educational model is centered on the concept of activity as a means for the student to achieve new competences and, as a distance learning institution, the UOC is increasingly committed to flexibility and adaptability of the learning process. In this context, this thesis tries to facilitate the learning process of each student by means of ICT. The work presented proposes adaptive learning paths using IMS-Learning Design (IMS-LD) in order to achieve adaptive learning. Adaptive learning provides students, at all times, activities and resources that best fits their profile, giving each student a specific learning path. Consequently, there is a constant adaptation to the progression of the students that can facilitate their learning process, becoming a first step towards personalization, one of the EHEA main objectives. Our proposal describes the conceptual design of adaptive learning paths as well as their creation and implementation using IMS-LD. It also analyzes the edition and run-time processes of the adaptive learning paths using the selected tools (ReCourse and CopperCore) showing their limitations when this adaptive scenario is taken into account and providing solutions to the encountered shortcomings. Finally, as a proof of concept, we present two different experiments performed with subjects of the department of Computer Science, Multimedia and Telecommunications of the UOC. In these experiments, different adaptive learning paths have been implemented and tested using IMS-LD, providing the basis for a first step towards the introduction of adaptive learning paths in higher education.

The purposes of this study are to understand the surface water distributions and vertical profiles of Ra-226 in the northern South China Sea (SCS), and to estimate the mean residence time of Pb-210 based on the extent of radioactive disequilibrium relative to Ra-226. Seawater samples of 20-liter size were collected during four Ocean Researcher I (ORI) cruises conducted in 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 (Cruise 575 in March, Cruise 606 in April, Cruise 662 in October, and Cruise 688 in July) for Ra-226 measurements. Surface water Ra-226 in the study area varies between 10 and 16 dpm/100 kg with higher values at stations closer to the landmass of coastal China. The surface water Ra-226 distribution shows seasonal variation: the western Philippine Sea (WPS) surface water with low Ra-226 content enters the SCS and moves mainly northwestward in summer; this water shifts toward the center in autumn. Ra-226 profiles in the northern SCS generally show an increase from the surface toward the bottom, quite similar to that of the open ocean. However, Ra-226 is systematically higher in the northern SCS than in the western North Pacific above 1500m. This may be attributed to higher Ra-226 input from the vast area of the shelf and slope in the SCS. Below this depth, Ra-226 displays large variation in some of the profiles but the mean values are quite comparable to those of the western North Pacific at the corresponding depth. The deep water in the SCS basin probably derives its Ra from the underlying sediments similar to the case in open oceans. The Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio in the study area ranges between 1.4 and 2.7 in the surface water with higher values at the stations closer to the Luzon Strait due to lower Ra-226 over there. The excess Pb-210 over Ra-226 in the surface water due to atmospheric input may penetrate to a depth of about 200 to 500m. Below this depth, Pb-210 becomes deficient because it is scavenged and removed by settling particulates. Below 1000m, the Pb-210/Ra-226 activity ratio varies around 0.7 to 0.5. Box model calculations within a mixed layer of 50m in the area yield a mean residence time of about 1 yr for Pb-210 if an atmospheric Pb-210 flux of 1.05 dpm/cm2/y is adopted. The activity ratio of about 0.5 to 0.7 in the deep water corresponds to a Pb-210 mean residence time of about 30 to 70 yrs with respect to particulate scavenging. These values are quite comparable to those determined from the Pacific deep water, suggesting that Pb-210 in the SCS deep water is scavenged and removed by sinking particulates at a rate similar to that in the deep open oceans.

In this study, application of computational fluid dynamics to ground vehicle aerodynamics was investigated. Two types of vehicle models namely, Ahmed Body and MIRA Notchback Body and their scaled models were used. A commercial software &quot / Fluent&quot / was used and the effects of implementing different turbulence models with wall functions were observed. As a result, an appropriate turbulence model was selected to use in the study. The drag forces, surface pressure distributions and wake formations were investigated in simulation of various test cases available in the literature. The study was extended to simulate the aerodynamics of the vehicles in close-following situation. The results were then compared with available wind tunnel test data.