In this thesis, design of a car door window regulator is presented. This design comprises a mechanism in order that the car door window makes a specified translational motion. First, conceptual design is carried out to obtain the best suitable concept for the design and best suitable concept comes out to be a scissor mechanism. Afterwards, detailed design of the chosen concept is given. In the detail design stage, kinematic synthesis of the mechanism is performed basically using the Cardan motion. Lastly, implementation of the design on a car door is described.

Recent investigations in nanotechnology show that carbon nanotubes (CNT) have one of the most significant mechanical, electrical and optical properties. Interactions between those areas like electrical, optical and mechanical properties are also very promising in both research and industrial fields. Those unique characteristics are built by mainly the atomistic structure of the carbon nanotubes. In this thesis, the effects of vacant atoms on single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are investigated using matrix stiffness method. In order to use this technique a linkage between structural mechanics and molecular mechanics is established. A code has been developed to construct the SWCNT with the desired chirality, extracting the vacant atoms with the corresponding atomic bonds between the neighbor nodes and calculating the effect of those vacancies on its vibrational properties. A finite element software is also utilized for validation of the code and results. In order to investigate the convergence of the effect of those vacant nodes a numerous number of analyses have been carried out with randomly positioned vacant atoms. Also consecutive vacant nodes have been positioned in order to investigate the effect on the structural properties through the length of a CNT. In addition to those, as a case study, the reduction in Young&#039 / s modulus property because of the vacancies has also been investigated and the effects are tabulated in the report. It is concluded in this study that the any amount of vacant atoms have substantial effect on modal frequencies and Young&#039 / s modulus. Chirality and the position of the vacancies are the main parameters determining the structural properties of a CNT.

This thesis study addresses the problem of overconstraint via introduction of conformal polyhedral linkages comprising revolute joints only and investigation of special geometric properties for the mobility of such overconstrained linkages. These linkages are of particular interest as deployable structures. First, planar case is issued and conditions for assembling irregular conformal polygonal linkages composed of regular and angulated scissor elements are derived. These planar assemblies are implemented into faces of polyhedral shapes and radially intersecting planes to obtain two different kind of polyhedral linkages. Rest of the thesis work relates to spatial linkages. Identical isosceles Bennett loops are assembled to obtain regular polygonal linkages and many such linkages are assembled to form polyhedral linkages. Then, Fulleroid-like linkages are presented. After these seemingly independent linkage types, Jitterbug-like linkages are introduced. Based on some observations on present linkages in the literature a definition for Jitterbug-like linkages is given first, and then a set of critical properties of these linkages are revealed. This special type of polyhedral linkages is further classified as being homothetic and non-homothetic, and geometric conditions to obtain mobile homothetic Jitterbug-like polyhedral linkages are investigated. Homohedral linkages, linkages with polyhedral supports with 3- and 4-valent vertices only, tangential polyhedral linkages are detailed as special cases and the degenerate case where all faces are coplanar is discussed. Two types of modifications on Jitterbug-like linkages are presented by addition of links on the faces and radial planes of Jitterbug-like linkages. Finally, a special class of Jitterbug-like linkages - modified Wren platforms are introduced as potential deployable structures.

No description available.

Abstract The research was conducted as a part of the phase III of the KEEP(Kuroshio Edge Exchange Processes)program. Two strings of sediment traps were deployed simultaneously: one near the outlet of North Mien-Hua Canyon (T15), and the other at the south rim of the South Okinawa Trough (T16). The purposes are to collect settling particulates at various depths for the studies of temporal and spatial variations of the particulate flux, 210Pb activity, 210Pb flux and size distribution. The particulate fluxes showed synchronous variations among the traps deployed at different depths of the same site. In general, the particulate flux in the marginal sea areas increases with depth but the maximum values may be at the mid-depth rather than at the deepest trap and remain so for the entire mooring period as observed at T15 and T16. Unusually high particulate fluxes could occur within the same period, probably reflecting an episodic event, such as typhoon or rain storm. 210Pb activity measured from different depths at T15 and T16 increases generally with depth along with the increase of the particulate flux toward the bottom. The temporal variation of 210Pb activity is generally smaller than that of the particulate flux in terms of relative amplitude. At the outlet of the canyon, T15, the temporal mean particulate flux of each trap ranged from 0.16 to 3.3 g/m2/d(a factor of ~ 20), while the mean 210Pb activity of each trap varied from about 98 to 168 dpm/g. At T16 located at the south rim of the South Okinawa Trough, the temporal mean particulate flux ranged from 0.06 to 5.7 g/m2/d(a factor of ~ 100), while the mean 210Pb activity varied from 82 to 192 dpm/g. The particulate 210Pb flux was smaller at T15 than at T16 because T15 has smaller particulate flux. The trapped particulates in the canyon(T1-T3) are mostly silt and sand, while the particulates collected from the Okinawa Trough(T15, T16) are mainly silt and clay. The 210Pb activity of the former is much lower than that of the latter, indicating the enrichment of 210Pb on the fine particulates. As the fine-grained particulates away from landmass have longer residence time in the ambient water, they can scavenge 210Pb more effectively.

No description available.

No description available.

Students of Second Temple Judaism have drawn two broad conclusions. First, Judaism of the first century is characterized by diversity. Second, the most pervasive influence on Judaism of this period was Hellenism. The present study seeks to contribute to the continuing discussion of Second Temple Judaism, bearing in mind these two factors. Specifically, the aim is to identify the shared ideas of Judaism. The thesis is concerned with the search for common features of the Jewish religion what may be termed "common denominators" within Second Temple Judaism. This should help to decide the question of how we are to understand the diversity within first-century Judaism in relation to its common shared features. In the search for these shared features two main bodies of evidence are explored: Josephus' Contra Apionem. 2. 190-219, and the letters of Paul; for differing reasons both of these documents may be used profitably. The letters of Paul are valuable since this material is all dated before the destruction of the Second Temple; whereas Contra Apionem. 2. 190-219, is one of the earliest and possibly oldest theological summaries compiled by a contemporary of the NT writers. While there are other summaries on the Jewish religion (Philo's Hypothetica. his Spec. Laws and Josephus' Antiquities 4.196-301) Contra Apionem offers a summary of a different kind because its focus is on basic Jewish principles. The method used is first to consider Ap. 2. 190-219 paragraph by paragraph in conjunction with Philo's Hypothetica and the Sentences of Pseudo-Phocylides. Where appropriate appeal is also made to the DSS, the rabbis, and the apocalyptic literature. This follows an assessment of the undisputed letters of Paul. The analysis of this evidence is conducted under the following headings: Jewish autobiography; Jewish elements in Paul's Christian theology; debates with Jewish Christian opponents; Jewish ethics embraced by Gentile converts; a dialogue on the nature of the Jewish religion. Three main conclusions are reached. The first is that there are discernible common features within first-century Judaism. This is supported by an analysis of the Contra Apionem precis and related Jewish material. Second, there is a body of common opinion that may be deemed to belong to the period before AD 70. This will be argued from the letters of Paul by appeal to various criteria. The third point is that there are Jewish ideas that are both common and pre-70. This will be confirmed by appealing in a comparative way to evidence from both the letters of Paul and Contra Apionem. The criterion can be formulated in the following way: ideas may be considered both common and pre-70 whenever those found in Contra Apionem and attested in a wide variety of Jewish evidence (thus common) are also attested in the letters of Paul (and so pre-70).

Enterprise crowdsourcing transforms the way in which traditional business tasks can be processed by harnessing the collective intelligence and workforce of a large and often diver-sified group of people. At the present time, data and information residing within enterprise crowdsourcing systems and other business applications are insufficiently interlinked and are rarely made publicly available in an open and semantically structured manner – neither to the corporate intranet nor to the World Wide Web (WWW). However, the semantic annotation of enterprise crowdsourcing activities is a promising research and application domain. The Semantic Web and its related technologies, methods and principles for publishing structured data offer an extension of the traditional layout-oriented Web to provide more intelligent and complex services. This technical report describes the efforts toward a universal and lightweight yet powerful Semantic Web vocabulary for the domain of enterprise crowdsourcing. As a methodology for developing the vocabulary, the approach of ontology engineering is applied. To illustrate the purpose and to limit the scope of the ontology, several informal competency questions as well as functional and non-functional requirements are presented. The subsequent con-ceptualization of the ontology applies different sources of knowledge and considers various perspectives. A set of semantic entities is derived from a review of existing crowdsourcing applications and a review of recent crowdsourcing literature. During the domain capture, all partial results of the review are integrated into a consistent data dictionary and structured as a UML data schema. The designed ontology includes 24 classes, 22 object properties and 30 datatype properties to describe the key aspects of a crowdsourcing model (CSM). To demonstrate the technical feasibility, the ontology is implemented using the Web Ontology Language (OWL). Finally, the ontology is evaluated by means of transforming informal to formal competency questions, comparing it to existing semantic vocabularies, and calculat-ing ontology metrics. Evidence is shown that the CSM ontology covers the key representa-tional needs of the enterprise crowdsourcing domain. At the end of the technical report, cur-rent limitations are illustrated and directions for future research are proposed.

This study includes examination of the machinability characteristics of two medium carbon steel types (SAE 1040 and SAE 1050) as a result of spherodizing treatment. Both steel types were handled into four categories according to their spherodizing treatment parameters (temperature and time). Microstructural investigation, hardness and ultrasonic sound velocity measurement (with both longitudinal and transverse waves) of these steels were performed, and effect of applied heat treatments on microstructure, hardness and ultrasonic sound velocity was investigated. Pulse-echo method has been used for ultrasonic sound velocity measurements, and measurements were performed with 5 and 10 MHz longitudinal and 5 MHz transverse wave probes. Tool life criterion was used for determining the machinability characteristics of the steels. For this purpose, flank wear land measurements were performed on the cutting tools. Results have showed that, by appliying heat treatment it is possible to change the microstructure, hardness, ultrasonic sound velocity and machinability characteristics of a steel.