The aim of this study is to present a design approach for compliant bistable four-link mechanisms. The design constraints are the two positions of the mechanism, the force required to snap between the positions and the fatigue life of the designed mechanism. The theory presented here will be applied to the door lock mechanism used in commercial dishwashers, which is originally designed as a rigid inverted slider crank mechanism snapping between two positions with the force applied by a spring. The mechanism is re-designed as a compliant bistable four-link mechanism and a prototype has been manufactured.

Die stetig wachsenden Herausforderungen für Unternehmen machen es erforderlich, dass die Ressourcen eines Unternehmens möglichst effizient eingesetzt werden. Einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Erfüllung dieser Aufgabenstellung kann das Controlling leisten. Aufgrund ihrer Besonderheiten wird das Controlling bei der Hervorbringung von Innovationen häufig noch stark vernachlässigt, obwohl auch in diesem Bereich eine Unterstützung durch das Controlling möglich ist. So kann das Controlling bei der Auswahl der Projektmitarbeiter, der Ideenfindung und –bewertung, durch eine Unterstützung der Planung, der Sicherstellung eines adäquaten Berichtswesens, durch eine Unterstützung der Kontrollfunktion, der Sicherstellung eines Risikomanagements und der zielgerichteten Nachbereitung abgeschlossener Projekte zu einer Steigerung der Effizienz im Innovationsbereich beitragen. Diese Unterstützung sollte allerdings nicht auf Sachgutinnovationen beschränkt bleiben. Auch bei der Hervorbringung von Dienstleistungsinnovationen kann das Controlling zu einer besseren Abwicklung der Innovationsprozesse beitragen.

The Master´s thesis is focus on intensity of growth of Aberdeen Angus breed in organic breeding's. In thesis is observed influence of sire, year, sex and breeding on weight of descendants. The animal weights were gained from yield inspections of beef cattle. Descendants were observed in four organic breeding's which are situated in region Zlín. Influence of sire on birth weight descendants very often reach highly important differences (p < 0,01). Effect of sire on weight (at birth, 120, 210 and 365 days) was influenced by number of descendants from particular father. In individual breeding's were used different number of sires. In 2011 was manifested significant decline of birth weight (p < 0,01) on all farms and average birth weight was 35,96 +- 1,96 kg. Weights in rest of check periods mostly reached the highest values in last four years. The birth weight of all breeding's was quite equable 37,28 - 39,37 kg. At farms A (404,09 kg), B (416,18 kg) and C (416,28) was annual weights of animals over 400 kg and at farm D was the lowest annual weight of animals 336,13 kg. The weights were influenced by number of weighted animals in 365th day of life

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-12-19T17:47:33Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-19T17:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Ever since Henry Chesbrough coined the term in 2003, the number of studies exploring the new paradigm of open innovation (OI) has grown exponentially, with researchers investigating and exploring the application of open principles in an array of industrial and geographical contexts. Despite this growing interest from the scientific community as well as practitioners, our understanding of the implementation of open principles from an SME perspective remains, to a large extent, underdeveloped. In particular, uncovering how the SME can best exploit and manage their external network to facilitate both exploration and exploitation activities has, thus far, been largely neglected. Therefore, an exploration of the implementation and successful management of OI projects in smaller firms from a network perspective, through a systematic review and assimilation of the current body of extant studies seems a timely and necessary step, in order to form a roadmap for a future research agenda. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to shed light on the antecedents and outcomes of successful OI network management in small firms. Systematic analysis of 51 extant studies reveals that many barriers associated with implementing OI in SMEs often referred to as liability of smallness, can be overcome by the effective network management, coupled with the implementation of an open culture. Openness can also be seen to be positively related to business model flexibility and adaptability. Results though, remain unclear on the exact role of the intermediary and whether entrepreneurial capacity, trust, increased social interaction and goal alignment among the SME and their network partners, as well as network unity and conflict mitigation/resolution can be described as a driver for, or an outcome of successful open projects. Therefore, these potential relationships between openness and managerial capacity are proposed for further empirical testing and analysis. The paper concludes by presenting a map for future research, incorporating a series of propositions suggested during the analysis and consolidating these issues into a framework of suggestions for future research. / Series: Working Papers / Institut für KMU-Management

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O fosfogesso, também denominado gesso agrícola, sub produto das industrias de fertilizantes fosfatados, pode ser utilizado como condicionador do solo devido a sua capacidade de proporcionar melhorias ao sistema solo-planta. No entanto, este resíduo concentra os radionuclídeos das séries do U e Th, presentes na rocha fosfatada usada como matéria prima, que podem impactar o meio ambiente. Com a finalidade de se verificar a concentração dos radionuclídeos biodisponíveis , foram analisadas amostras de fosfogesso e de fertilizantes fosfatados monoamônio fosfato e fertilizante superfosfato triplo, de duas procedências nacionais. A determinação da concentração de 226Ra, 228Ra e 210Pb se iniciou com a análise por espectrometria gama. Em seguida as amostras foram submetidas a um processo de extração branda com solução de EDTA-NH4 (0,05M) para que então o material lixiviado fosse analisado por meio de contagem alfa e beta total em detector proporcional de fluxo gasoso. Foram obtidos valores médios de extração de 1,6% - 1,7% para 210Pb, 0,5% - 1,4% para o 226Ra e 0,1% - 1,0% para o 228Ra nas amostras de fosfogesso. A baixa porcentagem de extração obtida para os radionuclídeos pode ser explicada tendo-se em vista que a solubilidade do fosfogesso variou de 7,7% a 16%. Para os fertilizantes fosfatados do tipo monoamônio fosfato os valores médios de extração foram inferiores a 26% para o 226Ra, inferiores a 10% para o 228Ra e inferiores a 10% para o 210Pb. Apesar da solubilidade da ordem de 77% dos fertilizantes fosfatados do tipo monoamônio fosfato, muito pouco dos radionuclídeos, presentes inicialmente, se concentraram na solução extraida. Para os fertilizantes fosfatados do tipo superfosfato triplo os valores médios de extração foram de 2,3% para o 226Ra, 1,2% para o 228Ra e 11,3% para o 210Pb. Mesmo com a solubilidade de 66% os fertilizantes fosfatados do tipo superfosfato triplo, muito pouco dos radionuclídeos, presentes inicialmente, se concentraram na solução extraida. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2014-12-19T17:47:33Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-19T17:47:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / As indústrias de fertilizantes fosfatados no Brasil são responsáveis pela produção anual de 5,5x106 toneladas de um subproduto denominado fosfogesso (PG), que pode ser considerado como TENORM (Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) e vem sendo estocado em pilhas à céu aberto ao lado das instalações produtoras. Com a presença de radionuclídeos no fosfogesso, faz-se necessário certa restrição para seu uso na agricultura. A Agência Regulatória Brasileira - CNEN estabeleceu limites de 1 Bq g-1 para 226Ra e 228Ra para o uso de fosfogesso na agricultura. No Brasil, esse resíduo vem sendo utilizado como condicionador de solo. Para a utilização segura do PG na agricultura é importante estimar qual poder de lixiviação dos radionuclídeos presente no mesmo. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a disponibilidade do 210Po na utilização do PG na agricultura como condicionador de solo. Para isso, foi realizado experimento com colunas em PVC preenchidas com amostras de solo argiloso, solo arenoso e PG. As colunas foram lixiviadas com água deionizada. A técnica usada para a determinação de 210Po nas amostras de solo, solo + PG e PG foi a espectrometria alfa que se adéqua para a medição da concentração de 210Po em amostras ambientais, além de apresentar alta eficiência e alta sensibilidade. Para que se pudesse avaliar a disponibilidade de 210Po, a concentração obtida no lixiviado foi comparada com a concentração total de 210Po nas amostras de solo, solo + fosfogesso e fosfogesso. Os resultados obtidos para concentração de atividade de 210Po nas amostras de solo argiloso foram aproximadamente 2,5 vezes maiores do que as amostras de solo arenoso. Para as amostras de fosfogesso os resultados para concentração de atividade de 210Po variaram de 155±11 a 346±7 Bq Kg-1. Conclui-se que mesmo com a adição do fosfogesso no solo, as amostras não apresentaram um aumento na concentração final do radionuclídeo estudado. Pode-se concluir que os radionuclídeos presentes no fosfogesso não estão disponíveis no lixiviado. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Neste trabalho foi estudada a degradação eletroquímica do azo corante Preto Ácido 210 (PA210) utilizando ânodos dimensionalmente estáveis de composição Ti/Ir0,10Sn0,90O2 e Ti/Ir0,30Sn0,70O2 preparados pelo método de decomposição térmica de precursores poliméricos. Os efeitos da presença e da concentração de cloreto, da composição eletródica, da densidade de corrente e do tempo de eletrólise sobre a oxidação eletroquímica de 100 ppm do corante PA210 foram avaliados. Em todas as condições estudadas, a remoção da absorbância em 465 nm (max) foi superior a 94% depois de 30 min de eletrólise. A redução de TOC foi proporcional à concentração de íons cloreto no eletrólito e não mostrou dependência da composição eletródica. A formação de espécies organocloradas variou na faixa de 8 a 16 ppm, sendo que as maiores concentrações de AOX foram obtidas para o eletrólito com maior concentração de cloreto. A redução máxima de TOC obtida foi de 25% depois de 90 min de eletrólise à densidade de corrente de 25 mA cm-2 para o eletrólito HCl 0,1 mol L-1. A eficiência de corrente foi calculada em relação ao TOC, sendo obtido o melhor resultado, de 9,14%, em 30 min de eletrólise com HCl 0,1 mol L-1 a 25 mA cm-2, sendo esta eficiência quatro vezes maior que para melhor eficiência em meio de H2SO4 0,1 mol L-1. O estudo da relação TOC / AOX indica que após as eletrólises houve a adição de cloreto as substâncias orgânicas gerando espécies organocloradas que apresentam uma relação de aproximadamente 1 átomo de cloro para cada 5 átomos de carbono. / The electrochemical degradation of the azo dye Acid Black 210 (AB210) using dimensionally stable anodes of composition Ti/Ir0,10Sn0,90O2 and Ti/Ir0,30Sn0,70O2 prepared by thermal decomposition of polymeric precursors was studied. The effects of the presence and concentration of chloride, electrode composition, current density, and electrolysis time on the electrochemical oxidation of 100 ppm dye PA210 were evaluated. In all the studied conditions, the removal of the absorbance at 465 nm (max) was greater than 94% after 30 min of electrolysis. The reduction of TOC was proportional to the concentration of chloride ions in the electrolyte and was not shown to be dependent on electrode composition. The formation of organochloride species varied in the range from 8 to 16 ppm, with higher concentrations of AOX being obtained for the electrolyte with high chloride concentration. The maximum reduction of TOC was 25% after 90 min of electrolysis, at a current density of 25 mA cm-2, for the electrolyte HCl 0.1 mol L-1. The current efficiency was calculated in relation to TOC, and the best result was 9.14% after 30 min of electrolysis in HCl 0.1 mol L-1 at 25 mA cm-2. This efficiency is four times higher than the best efficiency obtained by using only H2SO4 0.1 mol L-1 as electrolyte. The study of the TOC / AOX relationship indicates that there was addition of chloride to the organic substances after electrolysis, thus genetaring organochloride species with a ratio of about 1 atom of chlorine for every 5 carbon atoms.

The knowledge base concept in the past has often been applied in its "pure" form, i.e. it was assumed that there are dominant knowledge bases in particular sectors and firms, that shape the knowledge- and innovation process and related networks. For example, it has been argued that in the case of "analytical sectors" such as biotech codified knowledge generated by universities and R&D organisations are key for radical innovation, and that such knowledge is often transmitted by formal R&D cooperations and university-firm links. "Synthetic sectors" such as machinery on the other hand were assumed to innovate more incrementally by recombining existing knowledge that was often drawn from suppliers or service firms. Empirical literature partly has confirmed these basic patters, but also has demonstrated that more complex knowledge processes are underlying these overly schematic expectations. In addition, there have been arguments by Asheim, Boschma and Strambach, among others, more recently that combinations of different but related knowledge bases and -assets might be of high relevance for understanding innovation processes of firms in particular sectors and regions. This implies that innovation of firms e.g. in "analytical sectors" might benefit not just from new and basic knowledge generated by research, but also from recombining existing and applied knowledge or by drawing on symbolic knowledge assets. The same argument for the relevance of combinatorial knowledge bases applies for "synthetic" and "symbolic sectors", but in different forms. The paper investigages if the reliance on combinatorial knowledge bases leads to a better innovation performance and more radical forms of innovation than the use of more narrow knowledge assets. The paper investigates the relevance of combinatorial knowledge bases for innovation at first conceptually and based on respective literature. In the second part we analyse this question empirically by drawing on findings for the ICT sector in three regions of Austria (Vienna, Upper Austria, and Salzburg). (authors' abstract) / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers