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This thesis investigates Slavoj Zizek's methodology and his radical theories on love and universality , and explores their philosophical and linguistic reverberations within film analysis. In interrogating Zizek's methodological interest in parallax - a mode in which one grasps both the thing and its opposite simultaneously - as well as his philosophical and psychoanalytic focus on love, I argue that Zizek's work has changed the way that we think about both universality and film. Like Zizek's project of destabilizing traditional attitudes towards 'higher' and 'lower-order' culture and its analysis, philosophy, psychoanalysis, and theory are never static in their application or i identity. In Zizek's work, we encounter a form of critical engagement (parallax) in which reversal and inversion constitute the subversive core of our current cultural sphere. These inversions materialize in the visual field but - as I argue - they must be explored via the route of their philosophical potentiality. In this sense, the thesis not only investigates Zizek's own contributions to philosophy, fi1m theory, and culture, but employs him to initiate discussions on seemingly incompatible topics: visual culture and love, stylistic authorial proclivities and desire, theory and belief. Each chapter in the thesis involves analyses of individual fi1ms in relation to rhetorical devices and the key Zizekian concerns of parallax, appearance, universality, and love. These chapters explore discourses on philosophy and film and question Zizek's place in these systems, Zizek's thematic and stylistic attraction to inversion, appearance, analogy, and tautology, and the implications of using love to illuminate a contemporary approach to universality. Throughout, I argue that Zizek's methodology creates an analytical space in film philosophy which is hospitable to radical and necessary involutions.

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En dépit d’un très impressionnant curriculum vitae (parlementaire pendant plus de quarante-quatre ans, onze fois ministre et cinq fois président du Conseil), force est de reconnaître qu’Alexandre Ribot (1842-1923) a peu retenu l’attention des historiens et quasiment disparu de la mémoire collective. Ce constat interroge d’autant plus que les sources le concernant sont particulièrement abondantes, avec notamment un très riche ensemble d’archives privées. Si notre investigation n’embrasse qu’une tranche de la longue carrière d’Alexandre Ribot (1858-1895), elle ambitionne en revanche de dépasser le strict cadre biographique pour aborder les structures politiques des débuts de la Troisième République et d’en dégager les dynamiques, inscrites dans différentes temporalités.En se structurant autour de la formation et de l’ascension politique d’Alexandre Ribot, notre recherche vise à analyser sa trajectoire en l’inscrivant dans le contexte de l’ancrage du modèle républicain français, apportant ainsi une contribution à différents chantiers historiographiques en cours concernant le « monde de la Troisième République » (G. et S. Berstein) tels que le fonctionnement du « parlementarisme absolu » (Carré de Malberg), la professionnalisation du personnel politique, ou encore l’influence du libéralisme et des libéraux dans l’installation du régime. / Despite a very impressive curriculum vitae (a parliamentarian for more than forty-four years, eleven times a minister and five times the president of the Council), one cannot but recognize that Alexandre Ribot (1842-1923) has received little attention from historians and has almost disappeared from collective memory. This raises questions, especially given the fact that the sources related to him, including a very rich set of private records, are quite abundant. Though our inquiry only covers a certain phase of Alexandre Ribot’s long career (1858-1895), it however aims at going beyond the strict biographical framework to tackle the political structures of the early Third Republic so as to identify their dynamics, embedded within different timeframes.By focusing on Alexandre Ribot’s building up as a politician and on his rise to power, this research aims at analysing his career-path while integrating it within the context of the establishment of the French Republican model. It thus makes a contribution to different ongoing historiographical initiatives regarding the “world of the Third Republic” (G. and S. Berstein), such as the working of “absolute parliamentarianism” (Carré de Malberg), the professionalization of political staff or the influence of liberalism and of the Liberals in the setting up of the regime.