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曾肖波. / "2006年8月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 148-157). / "2006 nian 8 yue" / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Zeng Xiaobo. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 148-157). / Chapter 1 --- 緒言 --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- 秦漢文獻所記商鞅生平及評價 --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- 史部文獻 --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- 子部文獻 --- p.11 / Chapter 3 --- 《商君書》真僞及成書年代硏究 --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- 《商君書》的流傳情況 --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- 釋名 --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- 篇數 --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- 《商君書》歷代硏究成果述評 --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 真僞問題綜述 --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 各篇撰寫年代述評 --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3 --- 《商君書》各篇撰寫年代考析依據 --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 字詞解釋 --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- 術 --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- 勢 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.1.3 --- 丞、監 --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 關聯詞語及相關句式 --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- 而、則 --- p.51 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- 然、然而 --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- 然則 --- p.56 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- 文本對讀 --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- 書中各篇文字重出情況 --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.1 --- 〈算地〉與〈徠民〉 --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3.1.2 --- 〈弱民〉、〈去彊〉與〈錯法〉 --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- 《商君書》與其他文獻文字重出情況 --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.1 --- 《商君´書Ø弱民》與《荀´子Ø議兵》 --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.2 --- 《商君´書Ø靳令》與《韓非´子Ø飭令》 --- p.66 / Chapter 3.3.3.2.3 --- 《商君´書Ø更法》與《戰國´策Ø趙靈王平晝閑居》 --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- 出土文獻 --- p.75 / Chapter 4 --- 《商君書》思想論析 --- p.79 / Chapter 4.1 --- 《商君書》的法 --- p.79 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 法、刑、律之義 --- p.79 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 法治之義 --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- 法家之義 --- p.81 / Chapter 4.2 --- 商鞅思想形成背景 --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3 --- 《商君書》思想內容槪要 --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4 --- 《商君書》與法家學派思想比較 --- p.86 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- 與《管子》比較 --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- 與《慎子》比較 --- p.91 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- 與《申子》比較 --- p.93 / Chapter 4.5 --- 《商君書》與儒家學派思想比較 --- p.95 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- 《商君書》與儒家學派思想的異同 --- p.95 / Chapter 4.5.1.1 --- 相異之處 --- p.95 / Chapter 4.5.1.2 --- 相同之處 --- p.96 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- 《商君書》與儒家學派思想的關係 --- p.97 / Chapter 4.5.2.1 --- 子夏之儒 --- p.97 / Chapter 4.5.2.2 --- 荀子 --- p.98 / Chapter 4.6 --- 《商君書》與《呂氏春秋》比較 --- p.100 / Chapter 5 --- 《商君書》特有用語闡釋 --- p.105 / Chapter 5.1 --- 六蝨 --- p.105 / Chapter 5.2 --- 壹 --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- 宿治 --- p.114 / Chapter 5.4 --- 以刑去刑 --- p.115 / Chapter 5.5 --- 刑賞 --- p.116 / Chapter 6 --- 《商君書》對戰國以後的影響 --- p.120 / Chapter 6.1 --- 從睡虎地秦簡看《商君書》對秦國的政治影響 --- p.120 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- 強國政策 --- p.121 / Chapter 6.1.1.1 --- p.121 / Chapter 6.1.1.2 --- p.122 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- 管治政策 --- p.123 / Chapter 6.1.2.1 --- 以法爲本 --- p.123 / Chapter 6.1.2.2 --- 廢逆旅，嚴禁游士 --- p.124 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- 經濟政策 --- p.125 / Chapter 6.1.3.1 --- 打擊商人 --- p.125 / Chapter 6.1.3.2 --- 壹山澤，貴酒肉之價 --- p.127 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- 刑律政策 --- p.129 / Chapter 6.1.4.1 --- 厲行治吏 --- p.129 / Chapter 6.1.4.2 --- 治民方面，重刑連罪 --- p.131 / Chapter 6.2 --- 從張家山漢簡看《商君書》對西漢初年的政治影響 --- p.132 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- 法律制度 --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- 封爵制度 --- p.136 / Chapter 6.3 --- 商鞅思想對韓非子的影響 --- p.137 / Chapter 6.4 --- 商鞅思想對西漢以後法家的影響 --- p.142 / Chapter 7 --- 結語 --- p.144 / 參考書目 --- p.148 / 附錄 --- p.158 / Chapter 附錄1 --- 《史´記Ø商君列傳》及《鹽鐵´論Ø非鞅》全文 --- p.158 / Chapter 附錄2 --- 秦漢典籍記商鞅資料彙編 --- p.165 / Chapter 附錄3 --- 《商君書》內文互見對讀表 --- p.180 / Chapter 附錄4 --- 《商君書》與其他文獻異文對讀表 --- p.184 / Chapter 附錄5 --- 《商君書》「而」、「則」出現次數及「然」字用例彙編 --- p.197

The aim of this work is to determine the best response of investment to shocks and crisis situations. The problems that arise during crises vary depending on each country's peculiarities. However, there are some things that are common in almost all situations. In very many cases, we find that from the household level where children are pulled out of school and put to work to support family income to the government decision on education funding, one thing is common - investment tends to be cut. In standard optimal growth models consumption and investment generally turn out to be a fixed fraction of output. When a crisis occurs, this fixed fraction of a lower output means a lower level of investment. In an optimal growth framework with Cobb-Douglas production function and logarithmic utility function, I present a model that adds a feature called 'the gap' that describe the domestic situation. Developing countries are often plagued by sociopolitical and economic factors that constrain their productivity and/or capacity utilisation. When weakened in this way, an exogenous shock that causes a loss of capital could have devastating effects. In such a situation depreciation could conceivable exceed its natural rate and it is this difference between the actual rate experienced and the natural rate that I call 'the gap'. I argue that when 'the gap' exists, there are additional benefits to be reaped from investment. The model I present demonstrates that under certain conditions, rather than investing a fixed fraction, the rate of investment should actually increase such that investment is maintained at itspre-crisis level. This is opti~al and desirable because in the long run, the welfare path of economies that follow this strategy is superior. This result is empirically tested using a simple regression model. First, I determine the investment strategy followed by a sample of countries worst hit by the debt crisis of the mid-eighties, then I examine the income and consumption paths. The results show that the majority of the sample countries followed the implied optimal strategy, and these countries followed a superior income and welfare path in the post-crisis years. This result therefore lends support to the model presented, and also raises an important question. Why is it that countries that followed the optimal path only seem to be marginally better off than those that did not? To answer this question, I examine the issue of financing the investment decision. For many countries in crisis, the availability of credit was a crucial factor. Many faced the dilemma of needing funds, yet being unable to attract it because creditors considered them too risky. In an extended version of the basic model, I show that more debt was not optimal for funding the investment choice. Although following the optimal path would result in higher output, as long as funding was through debt, consumption and welfare would only be marginally better because of the future burden of debt service. On the other hand, selffinancing would require severe cuts in consumption that may not be justifiable in terms of long run gains. The solution - aid and financial support for export oriented adjustment programs should be given by international financial organisations to countries that choose to follow the optimal investment strategy. This would preserve and improve the qualityof such organisations' investment, and ensure an even better welfare path for debtor countries in the long run

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