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Many studies have focused on ethnic entrepreneurship and Polish migration to the UK, but very little is known about Polish immigrant enterprises and established businesses in Western Europe in the post EU enlargement era. This thesis addresses this gap and contributes to the debate about Polish entrepreneurs by examining the trajectories of Polish immigrant entrepreneurs starting their own business in the West Midlands region of the UK. This research is based on the results of forty-eight in depth interviews with Polish entrepreneurs in the West Midlands, who migrated around the time of EU enlargement in May 2004. The analysis concludes that Polish entrepreneurs in the West Midlands made carefully constructed decisions regarding the timing of their migration in order to establish successful businesses. This is achieved through the use of translocal relationships, which become increasingly localised by adopting business adaptation strategies. There are some notable differences in the experiences of pre-accession and post-accession entrepreneurs. Since the research highlights the local element of Polish entrepreneurs in the UK, it provides the foundation for research into the local lives of these entrepreneurs in Poland, before they migrated to the UK.

by Littig, Irene Brigitta. / "April 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-232). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

It is widely accepted that public policies have an important role in driving science, technology and innovation (STI) initiatives in order to achieve socio-economic and development objectives. Nevertheless, previous research reveals that developing countries still face difficulties in formulating policies to support and promote STI. A possible reason for this is found in the apparent lack of capabilities for policymaking. Capabilities are "a precondition for effective policy formulation in developing countries" (UNIDO, 2005, p.16). However, our knowledge and understanding of what these capabilities are, remain limited. In this thesis I examine the roles that capabilities play in formulating STI policies, the development of these capabilities and their evolution over the years. I group policy capabilities into organisational capabilities – which refers to policy processes and routines – and individual capabilities – which refers to the skills of individual policymakers (Nelson and Winter, 1982; Dosi et al., 2000; Feldman and Pentland, 2003). In order to address the identified gaps in literature, I use the Nigerian Federal Ministry of Science and Technology (FMST) – which in 2012 completed the formulation of a new national STI policy – as an illustrative case for the investigation of these issues. To achieve the aim of the thesis, I address three research questions: (1) What roles do capabilities play in formulating STI policies at FMST and why? (2) How did policy formulation capabilities originally emerge at FMST and why? (3) How have policy formulation capabilities evolved (i.e. changed over the years, from 1986 to 2012) at FMST and why? To collect data, I interviewed key staff at FMST and stakeholder organisations (who participated in the STI policy formulation exercise), in addition to secondary data from relevant policy documents. The data analysis was based on the “explanation-building” technique (Yin, 2009). The findings reveal the various roles that policy capabilities (processes, routines and skills) play in policy formulation; how and why policy capabilities were developed and their evolution over the years at FMST. The results address the aforementioned gaps. The findings should be useful to policymakers, decision-makers and practitioners involved in STI policymaking, research and capability management.

Esta tesis doctoral se plantea como objetivos: a) proponer nuevas aproximaciones al análisis de las industrias culturales en el momento de transición digital que viven actualmente a partir de la noción de red; b) enriquecer la perspectiva de las industrias culturales con aportaciones de otras áreas de conocimiento cercanas como la sociología o la geografía; y c) someter a prueba este marco teórico a partir de un análisis de caso, el de la televisión en España.La primera parte de la tesis se dedica a aspectos de corte metodológico y teórico. En el capítulo 1 se define el objeto de estudio y se hace una primera aproximación a la economía política de la comunicación y a otras líneas que, como el análisis de redes sociales o la geografía económica, enriquecen el marco teórico. A continuación, se explica el proceso de selección de la muestra, las fases de la investigación, los objetivos y, finalmente, las preguntas de investigación.El capítulo 2 repasa el paradigma de las industrias culturales y la caracterización de éstas a partir de fuentes bibliográficas para, posteriormente, exponer los principales factores de cambio identificados en el entorno digital y cómo repercuten en la configuración de los actores implicados.En el capítulo 3 se explora la idea de reticularidad aplicada a las industrias culturales, definiendo el propio concepto de red y caracterizándolo en el contexto de las industrias de la comunicación y la cultura.Los siguientes dos capítulos se dedican a explorar, en primer término, el análisis de redes sociales (ARS) como herramienta metodológica para su aplicación al ámbito de la comunicación, y, en segundo lugar, la interrelación de los factores geográficos y económicos y las posibilidades de aplicación que ésta tiene en el campo de las industrias culturales y las políticas asociadas a éstas.Una vez explicitado el marco que guía la investigación, la segunda parte de la tesis con un único capítulo, el sexto, presenta una aplicación de caso de estos factores de cambio con un segmento central de las industrias culturales en el contexto español, la televisión. El ámbito de esta aplicación es el estatal, mientras que el marco temporal, en gran medida determinado por la disponibilidad estadística, se corresponde al final de la temporada televisiva 2004/05.La tesis se cierra con un séptimo capítulo que presenta las conclusiones derivadas de este análisis y que intenta responder a las preguntas de investigación planteadas al principio del estudio. / This thesis has three main objectives: a) from the concept of network, to propose new approaches to the analysis of cultural industries in the context of their transition to the digital environment; b) to enrich the cultural industries perspective with ideas from other knowledge areas such as sociology or geography; and c) to test this new theoretical framework with the application to a case study, television in Spain.The first part refers to methodology and theory. In the chapter number 1 we define the object of study and we try a first approach to the political economy of communication and other fields like social network analysis or economic geography. Later we explain our methodological approach, with its objectives, the phases of study and the questions of research.The second chapter investigates on the paradigm of cultural industries and its characterization from bibliographical sources in order to later expose its forces for changes in the digital environment and how these are changing the industry and its players.In the third chapter we explore the concept of network and its application to the cultural industries, defining the concept and characterizing it in the context of the industries of communication and culture.The next two chapters refer to the social network analysis (SNA) as a methodological tool for the application in the field of communication studies and the interrelation of geographical and economic factors, as well as the possibilities of its application in the field of cultural industries and the policies related to them.After this methodological framework, the second part of the research presents an application to a case study, Spanish television. It is studied in its national scope and the TV season 2004/05.The thesis is closed with a seventh chapter were the main conclusions of the analysis are presented and the researcher tries to answer the questions of research established at the beginning.