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Recent research in the United Kingdom has indicated that many students experience high levels of fear of crime and victimisation on university campuses. Furthermore, research has recognised that positive feelings of safety can be engendered through changes to the physical environment of the campus. However, existing campus safety research focuses predominantly on student vulnerability and relies typically on quantitative methodologies.

Η κακοποίηση του παιδιού, αποτελεί ένα πολύ σοβαρό, παγκόσμιο και διαχρονικό κοινωνικό πρόβλημα με πολύπλοκους αιτιολογικούς παράγοντες αλλά και πληθώρα αρνητικών συνεπειών για την βιοψυχοκοινωνική υγεία των παιδιών. Οι εκπαιδευτικοί της πρωτοβάθμιας – δημοτικής εκπαίδευσης έρχονται σε καθημερινή επαφή με δεκάδες παιδιά, κάποια από τα οποία είναι πολύ πιθανόν να βιώνουν κακοποίηση. Είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό για την καταπολέμηση του φαινομένου της παιδικής κακοποίησης οι εκπαιδευτικοί να διαθέτουν γνώσεις και δεξιότητες για την πρόληψη, την ανίχνευση και την αντιμετώπιση της κακοποίησης του παιδιού. Στην παρούσα εργασία μέσω της ποιοτικής έρευνας προσπαθήσαμε να δούμε ποιες είναι οι γνώσεις και οι δεξιότητες που διαθέτουν οι εκπαιδευτικοί της πρωτοβάθμιας – δημοτικής εκπαίδευσης για την πρόληψη, την ανίχνευση και την αντιμετώπιση της παιδικής κακοποίησης. Από την έρευνά μας φάνηκε ότι οι εκπαιδευτικοί ερμηνεύουν το φαινόμενο της παιδικής κακοποίησης ως μια εγκληματική πράξη που χρήζει άμεσης αντιμετώπισης ενώ φάνηκε ότι θα βοηθήσει ιδιαίτερα για την ανάπτυξη γνώσεων και δεξιοτήτων η ουσιαστική επιμόρφωση των εκπαιδευτικών καθώς και η συνεργασία τους με κοινωνικές υπηρεσίες. / Child abuse is a very serious, global and timeless social problem with complex causative factors and negative wealth effects on biopsychosocial health of children. Teachers are in daily contact with dozens of children and some of them are very likely to experience abuse. It is particularly important to combat the phenomenon of child abuse. Teachers need to have knowledge and skills in the prevention, detection and treatment of child abuse. In this work, through the qualitative research we tried to see what are the knowledge and skills of teachers in primary education for the prevention, detection and treatment of child abuse. Our research showed that teachers interpret the phenomenon of child abuse as a criminal act requiring immediate treatment. Also our research showed that the effective training of teachers will help them in order to develop knowledge and skills as well as their cooperation with social services.

Cette thèse propose une approche rationnelle du phénomène de violence paroxystique en milieu scolaire. Sous le prisme des cindyniques urbaines, les possibles motivations d’une violence réactionnelle à l’égard de l’institution scolaire et de ses acteurs sont d’abord mises en exergue. Suffisent-elles à expliquer le recours à la violence extrême ? Nous proposons en second lieu des éléments de réponse consolidés, sur la base de 156 événements échelonnés sur un siècle à travers 5 continents et 25 pays. Après un large focus sur les espaces de perpétration, une typologie des auteurs est établie avec précision. L’analyse se porte ensuite sur les déterminants socioculturels de ces actions criminelles, dans une combinaison individuelle, conjoncturelle et sociétale. Cet examen détaillé autorise ensuite la modélisation des processus criminels à l’œuvre, selon le genre et l’âge des perpétrateurs. Les niveaux de criticité des facteurs de risque identifiés sont estimés, afin de faire émerger les « coupes minimales » d’un « arbre des causes » (phase pré-accidentelle). Celui-ci s’agrège à un arbre des conséquences (phase post-accidentelle), autour de « l’événement redouté central » que constitue l’acte de « school shooting ». Ce modèle discursif en forme de « nœud papillon » suppose in fine la déclinaison de barrières de mitigation des risques qui préfigurent, dans une approche transactionnelle de la sécurité, une stratégie globale et pluridisciplinaire d’anticipation des meurtres de masse dans les écoles, collèges, lycées et universités / This doctoral thesis proposes a rational and scientific approach to the phenomenon of paroxysmal violence in schools. Through the prism of urban “cindynics” (risk science), we first highlight the possible motivations of violent reaction against the school system and its actors. Are they sufficient to explain the use of extreme violence ? We secondly offer some consolidated elements to answer, based on 156 events spread over a century across 5 continents and 25 countries. After extensive focus on spaces of commission, a typology of the perpetrators is precisely established. The analysis then focuses on socio-cultural determinants of these criminal actions in a single, cyclical and societal combination.This detailed review then allows the modeling of criminal processes at work, gender and age of the perpetrators. Criticality levels of identified risk factors are estimated to bring out the “minimum cuts” of a causal tree (pre-accident phase). It aggregates to a tree consequences (post-accident phase) around the “central event dreaded” that is the act of school shooting. The interest of the “bow tie” thus formed extends beyond the stage of diagnosis. This discursive model assumes ultimately declination barriers of risk mitigation that prefigure, in a transactional approach to security, a comprehensive and multidisciplinary strategy of anticipation to mass murders in French and European schools or universities

Text in Afrikaans / The researcher has identified the research problem for the study as the underlying dynamics of physical violence amongst adolescent girls in the school system. The purpose of this study was to investigate these dynamics. The researcher viewed the girls from a holistic perspective and tried to explore and describe the girls' behavior by bringing their environment into consideration. A qualitative study was used to determine the dynamics of physical violence among adolescent girls in the school system. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. From this data it is evident that the dynamics of physical violence among girls is a multi-dimensional and complex phenomenon and cannot be attributed to a single factor. Because of this the researcher tried to make recommendations that touched each level of the girls' functioning. In such a way the researcher tried to address the problem holistically. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie)

Text in Afrikaans / The researcher has identified the research problem for the study as the underlying dynamics of physical violence amongst adolescent girls in the school system. The purpose of this study was to investigate these dynamics. The researcher viewed the girls from a holistic perspective and tried to explore and describe the girls' behavior by bringing their environment into consideration. A qualitative study was used to determine the dynamics of physical violence among adolescent girls in the school system. Data was collected by means of semi-structured interviews. From this data it is evident that the dynamics of physical violence among girls is a multi-dimensional and complex phenomenon and cannot be attributed to a single factor. Because of this the researcher tried to make recommendations that touched each level of the girls' functioning. In such a way the researcher tried to address the problem holistically. / Social Work / M.Diac. (Spelterapie)