Orientador: José Gabriel Porcile Meirelles / Dissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Desenvolvimento Econômico. Defesa: Curitiba, 2003 / Inclui bibliografia / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os vínculos entre comércio e crescimento no Brasil nos anos noventa. Primeiramente analisa-se a importância da tecnologia e da demanda internacional como fatores determinantes na inserção internacional, por meio de três visões: da Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e o Caribe (Cepal), dos evolucionistas e de modelos de crescimento keynesianos com restrição no balanço de pagamentos. Em seguida estuda-se o caso brasileiro, como se deu o processo de abertura econômica e quais foram os seus impactos no padrão e especialização das exportações. Utiliza-se como fonte de dados o programa CAN da Cepal, e dados do Instituto de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento Industrial (Iedi) referentes à intensidade tecnológica. Para comprovar a hipótese levantada na seção teórica, a saber, que especialização e crescimento estão associados, realiza-se um teste econométrico. Verifica-se que os impactos da abertura foram positivos, embora não tão significativos como o esperado, e que quanto mais um país direcionar suas exportações para setores que apresentem alto dinamismo internacional e maior conteúdo tecnológico, maior tende a ser seu crescimento econômico. Palavras-chave: abertura comercial, intensidade tecnológica, especialização, crescimento econômico, demanda internacional, exportação. / Abstract: The present work aims at studying the interrelation between trading and growth in Brazil in the nineties. Firstly we analyzed, through three different viewpoints, the importance of international technology and demand as factors determining Brazil insertion in the international market, as follows: viewpoints of Cepal, evolutionists and Keynesian growth models with restricted balance of payments. Next, we study the Brazilian case focusing the economic opening and its impacts on the export pattern and specialization. Our data base was the Cepal CAN program and the data on technological intensity from the Study Institute for Industrial Development (SIID) (Instituto de Estudos para o Desenvolvimento Industrial (Iedi)). We also carried out an econometric test to attest the theoretical section hypothesis that says specialization and growth are closely associated to each other. We verified that the economic opening impacts were positive, although not as significant as we expected them to be. We also observed that the more a country exports are directed to sectors with high international dynamism, the more it grows economically. Key-words: trading opening, technological intensity, specialization, economic growth, international demand, exports.

La thèse interroge le sens de l'expérience de quatre grands aéroports internationaux : Paris Roissy-Charles-De­Gaulle, Amsterdam Schiphol, Francfort-sur-le-Main et Dubaï International. Elle fait l'hypothèse que ces quatre hubs ou plateformes de correspondance, loin de constituer des non-lieux, sont au contraire des lieux de pouvoir et des laboratoires privilégiés d'observation de nouveaux rapports au lieu et au territoire dans la mobilité. Pôles d'échange ou lieux-mouvements de grande complexité, ces commutateurs sont analysés au regard des espaces publics non idéalisés et des relations entre de multiples acteurs qu'ils concentrent, dans une approche comparative des quatre terrains. L'investigation de ces espaces publics permet de voir en quoi ils constituent de puissants opérateurs de visibilité, d'intelligibilité, de classement et de performance d'un très large spectre de mobilités, comme les mobilités touristiques, de travail ou migratoires. La thèse questionne les savoir-faire et les catégorisations de la mobilité mobilisées par les acteurs institutionnels dans l'aménagement et le fonctionnement de ces microcosmes à destination de populations mobiles très contrastées et les confronte aux pratiques effectives des passagers aériens à large et à micro­échelle. Elle montre combien les catégorisations et les expériences de ces lieux mondiaux par excellence prennent sens à bien plus large échelle que celle de ces espaces eux-mêmes. Elle souligne ainsi le rôle majeur des lieux de mobilité dans l'affirmation de formes puissantes d'identification individuelles et collectives et de ségrégation. Au cœur des processus de mondialisation et de métropolisation, elle précise ainsi les contours des territorialités en réseau construites par et dans la mobilité dont les aéroports sont les révélateurs. / This PhD questions the meaning of the experience of four main international airports: Paris Charles-De-Gaulle, Amsterdam Schiphol, Frankfort am Main and Dubai International. The main hypothesis is that these four hubs, far from being non-places, are on the contrary places of power and privileged laboratories to observe new relationships to place and to territory in mobility. These very complex places of interchange are analyzed through the lens of the non­idealized public spaces and through the actors at the heart of their day-to-day operations, in a comparative approach of the four field works. Airport public spaces prove to be powerful operators of visibility, intelligibility, performance and categorization of a very large spectrum of mobilities, such as touristic, business or transnational mobilities. Studying the design and the practice of these global places par excellence on a micro-scale, the PhD shows how much the experiences and the heterogeneous categorizations of mobilities are put to the test in these microcosms and make sense at a far larger scale than the one of these spaces themselves. This work stresses therefore the major role mobility places in the expression of powerful forms of individual and collective affirmation and segregation on the move. At the heart of globalization and metropolisation processes, airports turn out be revelators of the territorialities in network in construction through and in mobility.