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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Sélection et capture de biomarqueurs moléculaires et cellulaires à partir d'un fluide complexe / Physical approaches for the selection and capture of molecular and cellular biomarkers from a complex fluid

Cayron, Helene 28 October 2016 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse s'est axé autour de deux approches technologiques issues du domaine de la microfabrication pour la sélection et la capture de biomarqueurs circulants dans le sang. A l'échelle moléculaire, un module d'assemblage capillaire dirigé a été implémenté dans un automate de tamponnage moléculaire puis validé en utilisant un modèle simple, permettant l'isolement et l'étirement de biomolécules individuelles de manière entièrement contrôlée et automatisée à large échelle. Nous avons ensuite appliqué cette technologie à des biomarqueurs moléculaires d'intérêt tels que les ADN libres contenus dans du sang complet, démontrant la capacité de la technique à isoler des acides nucléiques dans un fluide complexe contenant de nombreux éléments cellulaires . A l'échelle cellulaire, une approche innovante pour la sélection et la capture de Cellules Tumorales Circulantes a été développée. Le microdispositif mis au point est fabriqué par écriture laser à 3 dimensions et permet le piégeage physique de ces cellules dans du sang complet non traité tout en les préservant pour une récupération et analyse ultérieure. Après adaptation du microdispositif pour maximiser son efficacité de capture in vitro, une première preuve de concept de capture sélective de cellules cancéreuses dans du sang complet non traité a été réalisée. U n premier prototype pour une utilisation in vivo a été mi s au point et validé in vitro sur la capture de cellules cancéreuses dans du milieu de culture. / This research project focused on two technological approaches emerging from microfabrication for the selection and capture of circulating biomarkers from blood. At the molecular scale, this work was based on the automation of a directed capillary assembly protocol. A dedicated module was implemented into an automate for molecular stampin g and validated using a simple molecular model, allowing the elongation and large-scale assembly of single biomolecules in a controlled and automatized manner. The developed technology was then used for the assembly of relevant molecular biomarkers such as cell -free DNA (cf DNA) from untreated whole blood , evidencing the capabilities of this technology to single out nucleic acids from complex fluids composed of other cellular elements. At the cellular scale, an innovative concept for Circulating Tumor Cell s (CTCs) selection and capture was developed . The developed microdevice is fabricated using 30 direct laser writing and allows for a physical capture of cell s from untreated whole blood while preserving them for further recovery and analysis. After having optimized the design in vitro to maximize the capture efficiency of the system, a selective capture of cancer cell s from untreated whole blood was achieved . A first prototype for the in vivo use of this system was also developed and validated in vitro with cancer cells spiked into culture medium.
2

Technologie přípravy hlubokých struktur v submikronovém rozlišení / Submicron Structures with Deep Relief — Technology of Preparation

Matějka, Milan January 2017 (has links)
The dissertation thesis is focused on research and development in the field of microfabrication by the technology of electron beam lithography. In the first part of this work, the extensive study is conducted in the field of technology of electron beam lithography in terms of physical principles, writing strategies and resist materials. This is followed with description of physical principles of etching for the transfer of relief structures into substrates. The thesis describes innovative techniques in modelling, simulation, data preparation and optimization of manufacturing technology. It brings new possibilities to record deep binary or multilevel microstructures using electron beam lithography, plasma and reactive ion etching technology. Experience and knowledge in the large area of microlithography, plasma and anisotropic wet-etching of silicon have been capitalized to the design process of manufacturing of nano-patterned membranes. It was followed with practical verification and optimization of the microfabrication process.

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