The main objective of this study was to determine differences, if any, in three-dimensional (3D) kinematic characteristics of the three principal punches (the jab, hook and uppercut) executed by novice, intermediate and elite level amateur boxers. Specifically, the kinematic variables related to the displacement, linear velocity and acceleration of the upper body segments, translational hand acceleration and vertical ground reaction force generated by boxers were analyzed. The subjects of this study composed of 10 novice, 9 intermediate, and 11 elite level amateur boxers. Ages of the subjects ranged from 18 to 34 years old. All subjects executed their punches toward a head-high target on a standard practice bag. The motions were captured with PhaseSpace real time optical tracking system with 8 high speed cameras at 240 fps. Then, the motions captured were analyzed to quantify the kinematic factors associated with each punch. The results showed that the uppercut punch generated larger linear shoulder, elbow and wrist velocity compared to the jab punch. Similarly, the uppercut punch generated larger linear shoulder, elbow and wrist acceleration compared to the hook and jab punches. Moreover, the uppercut and hook punches generated larger translational hand acceleration compared to the jab punch. As a conclusion, the results for all kinematic variables demonstrated that the type of punch executed was the major determinant of the magnitude of each factor studied. Moreover, the technique employed can significantly affect the resulting displacement, linear velocity and acceleration, and translational hand acceleration of the fist.

This study examined the acute effects of whole-body corrective exercise on postural alignment in a sample of 50 male participants (18-30 y) displaying asymmetrical postural deviations. All participants were randomly assigned to either a non-exercise control (n = 25) or corrective exercise treatment (n = 25) group. A three-dimensional motion analysis Vicon system was employed to quantify standing postural alignment at the beginning and end of a 6 d study. Postural misalignments were determined in degrees of symmetry (tilt) and rotation using horizontal and vertical virtual plumb lines for the following locations: hip (ASIS), leg (greater trochanter), shoulder (acromion process), and head (ear). The treatment group completed five corrective exercise sessions on separate days which included 11 exercises (requiring about 60 min per session to complete). The control group performed no intervention and maintained a normal lifestyle. At the commencement of the study there were no significant differences in the degree of postural misalignment between the control and treatment groups at any of the postural measurements. At the conclusion of the treatment period (following the five sessions of corrective exercise), there were no significant differences in any of the postural alignments of any of the postural measurements between the treatment and control groups. For example, all of the following postural measurements were not significantly different (critical F ≥ 4.24;df = 1,25) between groups: hip (ASIS) tilt (F = 0.05), hip (ASIS) rotation (F = 0.15), greater trochanter tilt (F = 1.58), greater trochanter rotation (F = 0.33), shoulder tilt (F = 2.63), shoulder rotation (F = 0.07), head tilt (F = 2.39), and head rotation (F = 2.79). The results of this study suggest that five sessions of corrective exercise were insufficient to significantly improve standing postural alignment. In addition, this study appears to be the first to document whole-body postural alignment using 3D video analysis.

The name of the work: Shape changes in the axial system during respiration Goal of the work: the main objective is to perform a case study of brass parameters and changes the shape of the trunk during the ventilation maneuver, prepare the correct methodology of research and to conduct separate measurements. The thesis will be divided into two parts, the first will contain the theoretical background to the subject, in the second part will then be described by the research, where I measured the change in the volume of the lungs in relation to time, assess the impact of implemented ventilation maneuver on the individual probands and examine the respiratory dynamics in selected ventilation maneuver. Methods: in the framework of the fulfilment of the tasks of this work have been carried out experiments with the use of 3D kinematic record with Qualisys and spirometric measurement. The experiment involved three probands aged 20 to 40 specific common features. Each of the proband performed during the measurement of quiet breathing, maximum inhalation and exhalation and ventilation maneuver. Measurements were carried out in one day under standard conditions, measurements made on the day of probands quiet breathing, maximum inhalation and exhalation and ventilation maneuver (5 min total). Data records were...

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans un projet à long terme de conception de nouvelle prothèse de l’Articulation Temporo-Mandibulaire (ATM). Afin de faciliter une caractérisation non invasive de l’ATM, elle a conduit à l’élaboration d’un modèle élément finis plan de l’ATM. Le modèle, construit à partir de relevés IRM, intègre le ménisque ainsi que les insertions musculaires et ligamentaires. Il est commandé en déplacements imposés tout d’abord et en efforts imposés ensuite. Les déplacements ont été mesurés par analyse vidéo 3D et les efforts musculaires ont été évalués par EMG au cours de travaux antérieurs réalisés au sein du laboratoire. Le modèle est ici exploité pour simuler un mouvement d’ouverture et un serrage inter-incisives dans trois configurations qui correspondent à des ouvertures de 5 mm, 25 mm et 30 mm. Les résultats de ces simulations, validés par IRM, ont permis de caractériser le rôle du disque articulaire de l’ATM dans la réalisation des déplacements et la transmission des efforts. L’étude souligne la nécessité de rechercher des solutions technologiques de remplacement du disque articulaire lors de la conception d’une nouvelle prothèse. / This study presents a part of a long-term project that aims to design a new prosthesis for the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). In order to facilitate a non-invasive characterization of the TMJ, a plane finite element model of the joint has been elaborated starting from MRI images. The model integrates the meniscus as well as the principal ligaments and the main muscular insertions. It has been driven firstly with displacements and then with forces. The displacements have been measured using a 3D motion analysis system and the muscles forces have been taken from anterior former EMG studies led in the laboratory. An opening movement and inter-incisors clenching in three configurations which correspond to openings of 5, 25 and 30 mm have been simulated. The results of these simulations, validated by MRI, made it possible to characterize the function of the articular disk during the movement and the transmission of actions. This study underlines the necessity of seeking technological solutions to replace the meniscus when designing a new prosthesis.

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