Digital transformation is changing the world with new technology being employed and changing how different industries approach their operations. The pressure of transformation is felt by the fashion industry, where the design process is changing through the use of new technology, such as 3D CAD systems for developing garments. However, the transformation of the fashion industry is slow and requires technology adoption. Technology adoption brings with it challenges, such as issues with compatibility between new and old systems along with disturbances to existing work processes. Technology adoption is made even more complex as the design process is often carried out through teams, and adoption of new technology being carried out by teams rather than just by individuals working alone. As the understanding of how teams work together to adopt and implement new technology is limited, it is of interest to study how teams adopt new technology in order to understand how to shape adoption in the future and keep up with the societal changes bringing and brought by digital transformation. This study therefore aims to explore how small design teams within the fashion industry adopt technology into their design process. This is done through a case study featuring a Swedish fashion firm, currently on a digital transformation journey. The study follows design teams in an adoption project working towards implementing a 3D CAD system into their existing design process. Data in this qualitative case study has been collected through the use of semi-structured interviews, observations and the review of internal and external documentation. Collected data has then been coded and compiled into a code structure that visualizes different levels of detail of the findings. This study reveals that small design teams successfully adopt new systems into their work process by setting realistic implementation goals together, collaborating closely within and outside the teams, and learning from each other. Teams utilize a participatory ergonomics approach to set goals and perceive immediate and potential improvements, similar to established models for technology adoption research. Team dynamics facilitate technology adoption among design teams. The introduction of new technology leads to changes in team interactions, fostering a stronger team culture and promoting understanding of how adoption affects different roles' workloads. This understanding prompts team members to reevaluate task transfers, prioritize knowledge sharing, and engage in collaborative problem-solving. Together, these findings lead to the introduction of the concept of collaborative adoption, in order to incorporate the main identified aspects of team adoption into one framework. / Digital transformation förändrar världen med ny teknik som används och förändrar hur olika branscher tar sig an sin verksamhet. Denna förändring upplevs av modeindustrin, där designprocessen förändras genom användning av ny teknik, såsom 3D CAD-system för att utveckla plagg. Men omvandlingen av modebranschen går långsamt och kräver teknikadoption. Teknikadoption för med sig utmaningar, såsom problem med kompatibilitet mellan nya och gamla system samt störningar i befintliga arbetsprocesser. Teknikadoption görs ännu mer komplex eftersom designprocessen ofta utförs avteam, och adoption av ny teknik då görs av team snarare än bara av individer som arbetar ensamma. Eftersom förståelsen för hur team samarbetar med att anta och implementera ny teknik är begränsad, är det av intresse att studera hur team anammar ny teknik för att förstå hur man kan forma adoption i framtiden och hänga med i de samhällsförändringar som digitaliseringen medför och för med sig. Denna studie syftar därför till att undersöka hur små designteam inom modeindustrin adopterar teknologi i sin designprocess. Detta kommer att ske genom en fallstudie med en svensk modeorganisation som just nu befinner sig på en digital transformationsresa. Studien följer designteam i ett adoptionsprojekt som arbetar med att implementera ett 3D CAD-system i sin befintliga designprocess. Data i denna kvalitativa fallstudie har samlats in genom användning av semistrukturerade intervjuer, observationer och granskning av intern och extern dokumentation. Insamlad data har sedan kodats och sammanställts till en kodstruktur som visualiserar olika detaljnivåer av fynden. Denna studie visar att små designteam framgångsrikt tar till sig nya system i sin arbetsprocess genom att sätta upp realistiska implementeringsmål tillsammans, samarbeta nära inom och utanför teamen och lära av varandra. Tidiga användare sätter upp mål och visualiserar omedelbara och potentiella förbättringar, liknande etablerade modeller för forskning om teknikadoption. Teamdynamik underlättar teknikadoption bland designteam för tidiga användare. Införandet av ny teknik leder till förändringar i teaminteraktioner, främjar en starkare teamkultur och främjar förståelsen för hur adoption påverkar olika rollers arbetsbelastning. Denna förståelse uppmanar teammedlemmar att omvärdera uppgiftsöverföringar, prioritera kunskapsdelning och engagera sig i samarbetande problemlösning. Tillsammans leder dessa resultat till introduktionen av konceptet för samarbetsadoption, för att införliva de viktigaste identifierade aspekterna av teamadoption i ett ramverk.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de uso do CAD 3D para o desenvolvimento de projetos para produção de vedações verticais, sendo a compatibilização parte intrínseca do processo de projeto. A pesquisa foi organizada adotando-se três estratégias, com a finalidade de buscar sucessivas validações em relação às vantagens do uso do CAD 3D proposto quando comparado ao CAD 2D. As estratégias utilizadas foram: um estudo de caso piloto, um levantamento de dados e um experimento exploratório. O estudo de caso piloto e o experimento exploratório, nos quais foi utilizado o método proposto, possibilitaram concluir que o CAD 3D possui vantagens sobre o CAD 2D, sendo mais rápido e mais eficaz na verificação de interferências espaciais, especialmente em situações complexas. Através do levantamento de dados em projetos representados em CAD 2D, concluiuse também que esse tipo de representação possui características que lhe conferem limitações e podem gerar erros de análise. Foram identificadas cinco características básicas da representação em 2D, que podem induzir a erros: ambigüidade, simbolismo, simplificação, omissão e fragmentação. Estas conclusões validaram a proposta usando o CAD 3D para o desenvolvimento de projetos de vedações. A proposta deste trabalho apresenta vantagens em relação ao método corrente de desenvolvimento de projetos com o CAD 2D. Estas vantagens estão relacionadas principalmente à maior facilidade de visualização e uso efetivo de recursos automáticos disponíveis nos pacotes CAD de identificação de interferências, reduzindo os problemas da representação em 2D. Desta forma, a compatibilização torna-se um processo muito mais preciso e rápido. O método proposto está baseado em modelos de gestão mais modernos, como a engenharia simultânea, incluindo a redução de tempo gasto em atividades que não agregam valor, além de preparar para o uso de ferramentas mais avançadas como o BIM (Building Information Modeling). / This work aims to present a proposal for 3D CAD use for production design of partition walls, including the design coordination as an inherent part of the design process. The research was organized adopting three strategies to obtain successive validations regarding the advantages of 3D CAD compared to 2D CAD use. The strategies used were: a pilot case study, data collection and an exploratory experiment. The case study and the exploratory experiment, which were carried out using the proposed method, allowed the conclusion that 3D CAD has advantages over 2D CAD, the former being faster and more effective for spacial interference checking , specially in complex situations. By using a data collection from designs developed with 2D CAD, the research also concluded that the two-dimensional representation has limiting characteristics that may produce analysis errors. It was identified five basic characteristics of the 2D representation that may lead to error: ambiguity, symbolism, simplification, omission and fragmentation. These conclusions have validated the proposal for a method using 3D CAD for production design of partition walls. This proposal presents advantages over the current 2D CAD -based design method. These advantages are related mainly to better visualization and effective use of the automatic tools of CAD packages for interference identification , reducing the representation problems of 2D. Therefore, compatibility analysis becomes more precise and faster. The proposed method is based on modern management models, such as concurrent engineering, decreasing time spent on non-value adding activities, as well as preparing for using of advanced tools like BIM (Building Information Modeling).

Submitted by GISELY ANDRESSA PIRES null (giselypires@utfpr.edu.br) on 2016-01-13T22:13:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O CAD 3D aplicado na validação de protótipos na indústria do vestuário.pdf: 6699414 bytes, checksum: 3c9da5e2f41b1e2eebc435df7af8384f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-14T15:14:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pires_ga_me_bauru_int.pdf: 6699414 bytes, checksum: 3c9da5e2f41b1e2eebc435df7af8384f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-14T15:14:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pires_ga_me_bauru_int.pdf: 6699414 bytes, checksum: 3c9da5e2f41b1e2eebc435df7af8384f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Não recebi financiamento / A presente pesquisa discute sobre a prática do desenvolvimento de protótipos na indústria do vestuário. O protótipo refere-se à construção de um modelo que está em processo de teste para ser comercializado. Atualmente a forma mais difundida é a construção efetiva das peças, no entanto existe no mercado softwares que realizam essa atividade virtualmente. Assim, esse estudo tem por objetivo verificar a similaridade visual entre os protótipos virtuais e os produzidos no processo tradicional, tendo em vista caimento, forma e volume, para validação de novos projetos na indústria do vestuário. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa exploratória, e como forma de abordagem do problema foram realizados quatro experimentos que compreendem a construção de protótipos pela técnica virtual e a manual. / This research discusses the practice of prototyping in the apparel industry. The prototype relates to the construction of a model which is in testing process to be marketed. Currently the most widespread form is the actual construction of the pieces, However there is software on the market that perform this activity virtually. Thus, this study aims to verify the visual similarity between the virtual prototypes and those produced in the traditional process, in order to trim, shape and volume for validation of new projects in the clothing industry. To this end, an exploratory research was conducted, and as a way of addressing the problem were conducted four experiments which include the construction of prototypes for virtual and technical manual.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de uso do CAD 3D para o desenvolvimento de projetos para produção de vedações verticais, sendo a compatibilização parte intrínseca do processo de projeto. A pesquisa foi organizada adotando-se três estratégias, com a finalidade de buscar sucessivas validações em relação às vantagens do uso do CAD 3D proposto quando comparado ao CAD 2D. As estratégias utilizadas foram: um estudo de caso piloto, um levantamento de dados e um experimento exploratório. O estudo de caso piloto e o experimento exploratório, nos quais foi utilizado o método proposto, possibilitaram concluir que o CAD 3D possui vantagens sobre o CAD 2D, sendo mais rápido e mais eficaz na verificação de interferências espaciais, especialmente em situações complexas. Através do levantamento de dados em projetos representados em CAD 2D, concluiuse também que esse tipo de representação possui características que lhe conferem limitações e podem gerar erros de análise. Foram identificadas cinco características básicas da representação em 2D, que podem induzir a erros: ambigüidade, simbolismo, simplificação, omissão e fragmentação. Estas conclusões validaram a proposta usando o CAD 3D para o desenvolvimento de projetos de vedações. A proposta deste trabalho apresenta vantagens em relação ao método corrente de desenvolvimento de projetos com o CAD 2D. Estas vantagens estão relacionadas principalmente à maior facilidade de visualização e uso efetivo de recursos automáticos disponíveis nos pacotes CAD de identificação de interferências, reduzindo os problemas da representação em 2D. Desta forma, a compatibilização torna-se um processo muito mais preciso e rápido. O método proposto está baseado em modelos de gestão mais modernos, como a engenharia simultânea, incluindo a redução de tempo gasto em atividades que não agregam valor, além de preparar para o uso de ferramentas mais avançadas como o BIM (Building Information Modeling). / This work aims to present a proposal for 3D CAD use for production design of partition walls, including the design coordination as an inherent part of the design process. The research was organized adopting three strategies to obtain successive validations regarding the advantages of 3D CAD compared to 2D CAD use. The strategies used were: a pilot case study, data collection and an exploratory experiment. The case study and the exploratory experiment, which were carried out using the proposed method, allowed the conclusion that 3D CAD has advantages over 2D CAD, the former being faster and more effective for spacial interference checking , specially in complex situations. By using a data collection from designs developed with 2D CAD, the research also concluded that the two-dimensional representation has limiting characteristics that may produce analysis errors. It was identified five basic characteristics of the 2D representation that may lead to error: ambiguity, symbolism, simplification, omission and fragmentation. These conclusions have validated the proposal for a method using 3D CAD for production design of partition walls. This proposal presents advantages over the current 2D CAD -based design method. These advantages are related mainly to better visualization and effective use of the automatic tools of CAD packages for interference identification , reducing the representation problems of 2D. Therefore, compatibility analysis becomes more precise and faster. The proposed method is based on modern management models, such as concurrent engineering, decreasing time spent on non-value adding activities, as well as preparing for using of advanced tools like BIM (Building Information Modeling).

There is shift in the Architectural / Engineering / Construction and Facility Management (AEC&FM) industry toward performance-driven projects. Assuring good performance requires efficient and reliable performance control processes. However, the current state of the AEC&FM industry is that control processes are inefficient because they generally rely on manually intensive, inefficient, and often inaccurate data collection techniques. Critical performance control processes include progress tracking and dimensional quality control. These particularly rely on the accurate and efficient collection of the as-built three-dimensional (3D) status of project objects. However, currently available techniques for as-built 3D data collection are extremely inefficient, and provide partial and often inaccurate information. These limitations have a negative impact on the quality of decisions made by project managers and consequently on project success. This thesis presents an innovative approach for Automated 3D Data Collection (A3dDC). This approach takes advantage of Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR), 3D Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) modeling and registration technologies. The performance of this approach is investigated with a first set of experimental results obtained with real-life data. A second set of experiments then analyzes the feasibility of implementing, based on the developed approach, automated project performance control (APPC) applications such as automated project progress tracking and automated dimensional quality control. Finally, other applications are identified including planning for scanning and strategic scanning.

There is shift in the Architectural / Engineering / Construction and Facility Management (AEC&FM) industry toward performance-driven projects. Assuring good performance requires efficient and reliable performance control processes. However, the current state of the AEC&FM industry is that control processes are inefficient because they generally rely on manually intensive, inefficient, and often inaccurate data collection techniques. Critical performance control processes include progress tracking and dimensional quality control. These particularly rely on the accurate and efficient collection of the as-built three-dimensional (3D) status of project objects. However, currently available techniques for as-built 3D data collection are extremely inefficient, and provide partial and often inaccurate information. These limitations have a negative impact on the quality of decisions made by project managers and consequently on project success. This thesis presents an innovative approach for Automated 3D Data Collection (A3dDC). This approach takes advantage of Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR), 3D Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) modeling and registration technologies. The performance of this approach is investigated with a first set of experimental results obtained with real-life data. A second set of experiments then analyzes the feasibility of implementing, based on the developed approach, automated project performance control (APPC) applications such as automated project progress tracking and automated dimensional quality control. Finally, other applications are identified including planning for scanning and strategic scanning.

[pt] Modelos CAD 3D são ferramentas utilizadas na indústria para planejamento e simulações antes da construção ou realização de tarefas. Em muitos casos, como por exemplo na indústria de óleo e gás, esses modelos podem ser massivos, ou seja, possuem informações detalhadas em larga escala no intuito de que sejam fontes de informações precisas. Para obtenção de navegação interativa nesses modelos é necessária uma combinação de hardware e software adequados. Mesmo hoje com GPUs mais modernas, a renderização direta desses modelos não é eficiente, sendo necessárias abordagens clássicas como descarte de objetos não visíveis e LOD antes de enviar os dados à GPU. Logo, para renderização em tempo real de modelos CAD massivos são necessários algoritmos e estruturas de dados escaláveis para processamento da cena de forma eficiente. O trabalho dessa tese propõe o MCAD (Massive Computer-Aided Design) Shape grammar, uma gramática expansiva que gera objetos para criar cenas 3D de modelos massivos de forma procedimental. Nos últimos anos, modelagem procedimental tem ganhado atenção para criar cenas 3D rapidamente utilizando uma representação compacta, que armazena regras de geração ao invés de representação explícita da cena. MCAD Shape grammar explora repetições e padrões presentes em modelos massivos para renderização de cenas, reduzindo o consumo de memória e processando a cena procedimentalmente de forma eficiente. Convertemos modelos reais de refinarias em MCAD Shape grammar e implementamos um renderizador para os mesmos. Os resultados mostraram que esta solução é escalável com alto desempenho, além de ser a primeira vez que modelagem procedimental é utilizada nesse domínio. / [en] 3D CAD models are tools used in the industry for planning and simulations before construction or completion of tasks. In many cases, such as in the oil and gas industry, these models can be massive, that is, they have large-scale detailed information in order to be sources of accurate information. Interactive navigation in these models requires a combination of appropriate hardware and software. Even nowadays with modern GPUs, the direct rendering of these models is not efficient, requiring classic approaches such as culling non-visible objects and LOD before sending the data to the GPU. Therefore, for real-time rendering of massive CAD models, we need scalable algorithms and data structures to efficiently process the scene. The work of this thesis proposes MCAD (Massive Computer-Aided Design) Shape grammar, an expansive grammar that procedurally generates objects to create 3D scenes of massive models. In recent years procedural modeling has drawn attention for quickly creating 3D scenes using a compact representation, which stores generation rules rather than explicit representation of the scene. MCAD Shape grammar explores repetitions and patterns present in massive models for rendering scenes, reducing memory footprint and procedurally processing the scene efficiently. We converted real refinery models into MCAD Shape grammar and implemented a renderer for them. Results showed that our solution is scalable with high performance, also it is the first time that procedural modeling is used in this domain.

The master thesis deals with the currently used types of water turbines and next part of the thesis deals with the theory of Tesla turbine. The theoretical part discusses water wheels, water turbines with their types and models which are described in the work. The thesis also discusses the construction of the Tesla turbine, its possibilities of using, inside principles and information about Tesla´s patent. The practical part contains the design of the Tesla turbine with modifications for increasing efficiency. The thesis describes production and assembly of turbine and the technology used for production of the turbine. There is also described how the turbine was measured and there are results of measurements of the turbine.

[pt] Modelos CAD 3D ricos em dados são essenciais durante os diferentes estágios do ciclo de vida de projetos de engenharia. Devido à recente popularização da metodologia Modelagem de Informação da Construção e do uso de Gêmeos Digitais para a manufatura inteligente, a quantidade de detalhes, o tamanho, e a complexidade desses modelos aumentaram significativamente. Apesar desses modelos serem compostos de várias geometrias repetidas, os softwares de projeto de plantas geralmente não proveem nenhuma informação de instanciação. Trabalhos anteriores demonstraram que removendo a redundância na representação dos modelos CAD 3D reduz significativamente o armazenamento e requisição de memória deles, ao passo que facilita otimizações de renderização. Este trabalho propõe um arcabouço para correspondência de formas baseado em aprendizado profundo que minimiza as informações redundantes de um modelo CAD 3D a esse respeito. Nos apoiamos nos avanços recentes no processamento profundo de nuvens de pontos, superando desvantagens de trabalhos anteriores, como a forte dependencia da ordenação dos vértices e topologia das malhas de triângulos. O arcabouço desenvolvido utiliza nuvens de pontos uniformemente amostradas para identificar similaridades entre malhas em modelos CAD 3D e computam uma matriz de transformação afim ótima para instancia-las. Resultados em modelos CAD 3D reais demonstram o valor do arcabouço proposto. O procedimento de registro de nuvem de pontos desenvolvido atinge um erro de superfície menor, ao mesmo tempo que executa mais rápido que abordagens anteriores. A abordagem supervisionada de classificação desenvolvida antinge resultados equivalentes em comparação com métodos limitados anteriores e os superou significativamente num cenário de embaralhamento de vértices. Propomos também uma abordagem auto-supervisionada que agrupa malhas semelhantes e supera a necessidade de rotular explicitamente as geometrias no modelo CAD 3D. Este método auto-supervisionado obtém resultados competitivos quando comparados às abordagens anteriores, até mesmo superando-as em determinados cenários. / [en] Data-rich 3D CAD models are essential during different life-cycle stages of engineering projects. Due to the recent popularization of Build Information Modeling methodology and the use of Digital Twins for intelligent manufacturing, the amount of detail, size, and complexity of these models have significantly increased. Although these models are composed of several repeated geometries, plant-design software usually does not provide any instancing information. Previous works have shown that removing redundancy in the representation of 3D CAD models significantly reduces their storage and memory requirements, whilst facilitating rendering optimizations. This work proposes a deep-learning-based shape-matching framework that minimizes a 3D CAD model s redundant information in this regard. We rely on recent advances in the deep processing of point clouds, overcoming drawbacks from previous work, such as heavy dependency on vertex ordering and topology of triangle meshes. The developed framework uses uniformly sampled point clouds to identify similarities among meshes in 3D CAD models and computes an optimal affine transformation matrix to instantiate them. Results on actual 3D CAD models demonstrate the value of the proposed framework. The developed point-cloud-registration procedure achieves a lower surface error while also performing faster than previous approaches. The developed supervised-classification approach achieves equivalent results compared to earlier, limited methods and significantly outperformed them in a vertex shuffling scenario. We also propose a selfsupervised approach that clusters similar meshes and overcomes the need for explicitly labeling geometries in the 3D CAD model. This self-supervised method obtains competitive results when compared to previous approaches, even outperforming them in certain scenarios.

This diploma thesis primarily deals with the transmission error issue which is one of the dominant sources of vibration in gear pairs and transmission systems. The vibrations subsequently generate noise which is often subjected to increasingly stricter demands across the industry, including the automotive one. It turns out that reducing the peak-to-peak value of the transmission error has a beneficial effect on the vibro-acoustic properties of gears and gear pairs. This thesis aims to determine the transmission error under static conditions, since a gear pair with a low static transmission error is a good assumption for a low transmission error even under dynamic effects. The resulting values of the transmission error can be influenced already during the design of the gear macro-geometry. It is also suitable to apply micro-geometric adjustments – modifications to the gear teeth. For this reason, the search part of the thesis is dedicated to theoretical knowledge, especially concerning the geometry of gears, modifications of teeth and the overall transmission error and its determination. The transmission error can be determined in several ways, including a technical experiment. However, due to time and financial reasons, this is not always possible, and therefore, the possibility of using numerical simulations is offered. In this thesis, the approach using stress-strain quasi-static contact analysis using the finite element method in Ansys Workbench software is used. The advantage is, among other things, a good comparability of results. The input to the FEM analysis is 3D CAD geometry – in this case, it is specifically a helical gear pair with parallel axes. The model/assembly of this gear pair is created in PTC Creo software fully parametrically, so it is possible to generate arbitrary gear pair configurations by changing the input parameters, which significantly saves time. At the end of this diploma thesis, the stress-strain analysis of various gear configurations is evaluated, with respect to the equivalent stress and contact pressure. Furthermore, the static transmission error – its graphs and peak-to-peak values – is determined from FEM analyses for different gear geometry, including tooth modifications, and for various loading torques. Last but not least, the effects of contact/overlap ratio and centre distance are evaluated.