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Introduktion: Tredimensionell printing (3DP) är en teknik som använder en digital fil för att producera ett 3D-objekt, exempelvis en läkemedelstablett, genom en så kallad additiv process, vilket innebär att byggmaterialet läggs på successivt lager för lager. Syfte: Denna studie har ett tvådelat syfte, dels att presentera två 3D-printingstekniker, laserbaserade system (SLA) och smält deponeringsmodellering (FDM) som idag används för läkemedelsframställning samt göra en metodjämförelse, dels att ge exempel på samt beskriva några olika tabletter som framställts med hjälp av dessa tekniker. Metod: Studien genomfördes i form av en systematisk litteraturstudie och använde i första hand databasen PubMed för att hitta relevanta vetenskapliga artiklar i ämnet. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas i två delar. Första delen jämför de två viktiga 3DP-tekniker laserbaserade system (SLA) och smält deponeringsmodellering (FDM). Andra delen beskriver olika typer av tabletter som kan framställas med 3D-printing. Slutsats: Utifrån resultatet framgår det att 3D-printing är en framväxande teknik som skapar nya, intressanta terapimöjligheter. Dessutom framgår det att FDM lämpar sig bättre än SLA som framställningsteknik inom läkemedelsvärlden där det ställs höga krav på kostnadseffektivitet men också på grund av dess förmåga att generera formuleringar med olika frisättningsprofiler och på så sätt producera individanpassade läkemedel.

This project involves the design and development of a cell stretching bioreactor device that can work in conjunction with a Random Positioning Machine (RPM) apparatus. Microgravity environments, such as in space, have been shown to induce alterations in cellular development due to inadequate mechanical loading of biological tissue. Because of this, long-term spaceflight has led to many health concerns, including osteoporosis and muscle atrophy. Space travel is rare and costly, making this research difficult to conduct, however; techniques to simulate microgravity on Earth can be achieved by using a Random Positioning Machine. This device has been a beneficial tool used to study the effect gravity has on cellular growth, yet certain tissues in the body, such as bone and muscle, require mechanical stress, strain, and mechanical loading to develop properly. Because of this, a device that can induce strain on cells while subjected to microgravity conditions is needed to further improve cellular research for space exploration. The constructed bioreactor consists of 3D printed and custom-made components that can induce uniaxial cyclic strain on cells adhered to an elastic membrane. Validation and testing of the device have shown that this bioreactor is suitable for cellular experimentation to work in conjunction with an RPM to deliver a controlled amount of strain while under microgravity conditions. / Bioengineering

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Ionizing radiation is often used within medicine for diagnosis and treatments. Because ionizingradiation can be harmful to the body, it is important to know how it affects the tissue. Dosimetryis the study of how ionizing radiation deposits energy in a material. To measure how much ionizingradiation is deposited in the body, gas-filled detectors are often used. An ionization chamber isa type of gas-filled detector and exists in different shapes and sizes, depending on what kind ofmeasurements it is made for. Because ionization chambers are relatively expensive, it is often notpossible to buy one for each type of measurement that is to be done. This results in ionizationchambers being used for measurements they are not optimized for. This report evaluates thepossibility of 3D printing ionization chambers to make it easier to optimize them for specificmeasurements. The process included creating models of ionization chambers using CAD-software,slicing them and then 3D printing them. The 3D printed models were then brought to the SwedishRadiation Safety Authority for measurements. The ionization chambers were connected to highvoltage, and exposed to ionizing radiation in the form of high-intensity gamma-ray fields. Theoutput current of the ionization chamber was measured, which is proportional to the field intensity.The results were similar to those of a commercial ionization chamber. The conclusion is that it ispossible to 3D print ionization chambers. However, to get more accurate results, the design has tobe further optimized and more measurements need to be done.