Selective Laser Melting is a rapidly developing additive manufacturing technique that can be used to create unique metal parts with tailormade properties not possible using traditional manufacturing. To understand the process from a most basic level, this study investigates system capabilities when melting single tracks of material. Individual tracks allow for a wide range of scan speeds and laser powers to be utilized and the melt pools analyzed. I discuss how existing studies and simulations can be used to narrow down the selection of potentially successful parameter combinations as well as the limitations of interpretation for single track information. Once we attain a solid understanding of what parameters perform well at a bead level, we can move onto looking at complete 3D parts. A challenge we have faced is creating near fully dense parts and determining a reliable density measurement technique that is accessible for operators at our university. Our results show that the previously determined optimized scan speed and laser power can consistently create parts with >99.5% density over a range of sizes using an analysis method utilizing readily available equipment and software.

This diploma thesis presents a technology based on the gradual smelting of fine layers of metal powder by using a laser beam. It explains and describes basic terminology related to the Rapid Prototyping technology, its division and practical usage. A part of the thesis is also the fabrication of several prototype parts by Direct Metal Laser Sintering including the economical comparison of their fabrication with other conventional technologies.

The matter of this thesis is to find the influence of the diameter of the nozzle on the 3D printer´s print quality. The first part briefly characterizes the Rapid Prototyping technology and describes the RepRap project. The second part describes the construction of the experimental FMD 3D printer. The following section deals with technical printing parametres and their influence on the printed product. The experimental part of the thesis is focused on the impact of the discharge nozzle diameter on the mechanical properties, surface quality and shape accuracy of the final product and on the following recommendations of operational parametres.

The result of this thesis is to create an overview of available 3D printing technologies, design a 3D FDM printer, create an instructional manual on the assembling and create a business model of a 3D printing company.

Technological development, broad availability and ubiquity of mobile phones made it possible in recent years to start a progression leading to the integration of mobile phones into biomedical analytical methods, the development of telemedicine and mobile personal health applications. This paper deals with the literature review of the mobile phone usage in biomedicine, with emphasis on the methods of optical analysis and technical solutions using 3D printing technology. It provides a draft and practical implementation of salivary cortiol level measuring system using a mobile phone, ELISA analytical methods, 3D printing technology and a set of custom Matlab functions connected with Matlab Mobile application and Mathworks Cloud. Also provides critical evaluation of results and method possibilities, and presents set of proposals and findings for quality of measurment optimization.

This master thesis is focused on a research in the field of 3D printing technology. During the research a particular technology, being regularly applied by the RepRap printers, is described. Mentioned technology is tested on a Rebel II printer model. The findings are applied to the dual 3D extruder design project. This dual 3D extruder is designed and made in two basic options, where the first option discovers the shortcomings and the second option is modified and tested. In the following step, assessment of applicability, functionality, as well as economic analysis of production of this dual 3D extruder is made.

This diploma thesis deals with an atypical heated bed for FDM 3D printer. It presents the most commonly used ways of heating and the chosen variant of the heated beds are realized by powerful resistors. There are also discussed three ways of placement of resistors on the desktop motherboards that are modeled in Autodesk Inventor Professional 2016 and exported to Autodesk Fusion 360, where FEM calculations are made. Optimal alternative is made and tested. The test results are compared with the results of thermal simulations in Autodesk Fusion 360.

Technological development, broad availability and ubiquity of mobile phones made it possible in recent years to start a progression leading to the integration of mobile phones into biomedical analytical methods, the development of telemedicine and mobile personal health applications. This paper deals with the literature review of the mobile phone usage in biomedicine, with emphasis on the methods of optical analysis and technical solutions using 3D printing technology. It provides a draft and practical implementation of salivary cortiol level measuring system using a mobile phone, ELISA analytical methods, 3D printing technology and a set of custom Matlab functions connected with Matlab Mobile application and Mathworks Cloud. Also provides critical evaluation of results and method possibilities, and presents set of proposals and findings for quality of measurment optimization.

The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first section summarizes the theory of the issue. Here we are unified theoretical information about the various possibilities of different approaches. The result of this part is therefore a general summary of theoretical possible procedures of creation bone implant, where each are listed the advantages and disadvantages. The theoretical part also contains information that ultimately, in practice, the author did not use. But his idea was to create a comprehensive look at the issue from several angles. The second part uses theoretical knowledge from the previous set of information as a basis for defining the steps required to successfully manage the issues of bone 3D printing. The third part will follow the guidelines of both previous and focuses on practical making bones and subsequent evaluation method chosen. There are discussed various steps that led to the final conclusion, making bones and work is then focused on the evaluation of the success of selected procedures and recommendations for future action.

abstract: Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) has enabled the determination of damage-free protein structures at ambient temperatures and of reaction intermediate species with time resolution on the order of hundreds of femtoseconds. However, currently available XFEL facility X-ray pulse structures waste the majority of continuously injected crystal sample, requiring a large quantity (up to grams) of crystal sample to solve a protein structure. Furthermore, mix-and-inject serial crystallography (MISC) at XFEL facilities requires fast mixing for short (millisecond) reaction time points (𝑡"), and current sample delivery methods have complex fabrication and assembly requirements. To reduce sample consumption during SFX, a 3D printed T-junction for generating segmented aqueous-in-oil droplets was developed. The device surface properties were characterized both with and without a surface coating for improved droplet generation stability. Additionally, the droplet generation frequency was characterized. The 3D printed device interfaced with gas dynamic virtual nozzles (GDVNs) at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), and a relationship between the aqueous phase volume and the resulting crystal hit rate was developed. Furthermore, at the European XFEL (EuXFEL) a similar quantity and quality of diffraction data was collected for segmented sample delivery using ~60% less sample volume than continuous injection, and a structure of 3-deoxy-D-manno- octulosonate 8-phosphate synthase (KDO8PS) delivered by segmented injection was solved that revealed new structural details to a resolution of 2.8 Å. For MISC, a 3D printed hydrodynamic focusing mixer for fast mixing by diffusion was developed to automate device fabrication and simplify device assembly. The mixer was characterized with numerical models and fluorescence microscopy. A variety of devices were developed to reach reaction intermediate time points, 𝑡", on the order of 100 – 103 ms. These devices include 3D printed mixers coupled to glass or 3D printed GDVNs and two designs of mixers with GDVNs integrated into the one device. A 3D printed mixer coupled to a glass GDVN was utilized at LCLS to study the oxidation of cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), and a structure of the CcO Pr intermediate was determined at 𝑡" = 8 s. / Dissertation/Thesis / Supplementary Video D.1 - Droplet formation in a 3D printed droplet generator / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2019