Bibliography: p. 64. / Contract no. DA36-039-AMC-03200(E).

Benzaldehyde lyase (BAL, EC 4.1.2.38) from Pseudomonas fluorescens Biovar I, a thiamine pyrophosphate (ThDP) dependent enzyme, catalyzes the enzymatic kinetic resolution of racemates by C-C bond cleavage and concomitant C-C bond formation. In this study, benzaldehyde lyase gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens Biovar I was cloned into Pichia pastoris, with the aim of the extracellular production of the enzyme. For this purpose, firstly, PCR amplified bal gene was cloned into an integration vector pPICZalphaA. Thereafter the recombinant plasmid pPICZalphaA::bal was transformed into P.pastoris. Extracellular benzaldehyde lyase enzyme was expressed under the control of the strong AOX promoter and the secretion of the enzyme in the fermentation medium was achieved by means of S. cerevisiae alpha factor signal sequence. The recombinant cells were grown for 48-72 hours in solid medium then the cells inoculated in glycerol containing medium. After being separated by centrifugation cells were transferred into methanol containing production medium. In methanol containing medium cells were grown for 72 h. Starting from t=24 h methanol was added to medium as an inducer of AOX promoter and the carbon source in order to produce BAL in every 24 hour. SDS-PAGE analyses illustrated that extracellular benzaldehyde lyase enzyme produced by the recombinant P.pastoris strain had the size of 59 kDa, which is the size of benzaldehyde lyase monomer. FPLC analysis showed that concentration of the tetrameric form of benzaldehyde lyase enzyme, active form, was much less than the monomeric form of the enzyme indicating that the enzyme produced by recombinant P.pastoris mostly could not fold into multimeric form in the fermentation medium.

In many organisms, trehalose protects against several environmental stresses, such as heat, desiccation and salt, probably by stabilizing protein structures and lipid membranes. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (TPS1) is a subunit of trehalose synthase complex in fungi / it plays a key role in the biosynthesis of trehalose. In this study, a TPS1 gene fragment in R. oryzae was cloned successfully by PCR with primers designed according to eight hypothetical proteins found from BLAST search which was performed by using S. cerevisiae TPS1 gene template. The full length of R. oryzae TPS1 gene (designated RoTPS1) was attained by RTPCR with primers specific to the 3&amp / #8242 / and 5&amp / #8242 / end of the RoTPS1 cDNA. The RoTPS1cDNA was composed of 2505 bps encoding a protein of 834 amino acids with a molecular mass of 93.8 kDa. The amino acid sequence has relatively high homology with the TPS1s of several other organisms. RoTPS1 was further characterized by transformation into S. cerevisiae tps1 mutant. In galactose media, the growth curves of wild type, tps1 mutant and transformant S. cerevisiae cells had a comparable pattern in general, tps1 mutant reached to a higher maximum cell concentration compared to the others and wild type had a slightly lower specific growth rate compared to the tps1 mutant and transformed cells. Trehalose levels of transformant and wild type cells were increased up to 37 mg/gdw in the stationary phase.

Hydrocarbon (HC) microseepages can be indicator of possible reservoirs. For that reason, mapping the microseepages has potential to be used in petroleum exploration. This study presents a methodology for mapping HC microseepages and related clay mineral alteration in Gemrik Anticline, Adiyaman. For this purpose samples were collected from the potential seepage zones and tested by geochemical analysis. All samples were found to contain some HC. Then, an ASTER image of the region was obtained and a band combination was generated to map this particular region. To map related clay mineral alteration, firstly reflectance spectra of samples were measured using field spectrometer. Secondly, spectrally-known samples were analyzed in USGS Library to determine the reflectance spectra of the constitutional clay minerals in the samples. Lastly, the reflectance characteristics of selected end v members were represented as ASTER band combinations based on their spectral absorption characteristics and literature information. Crosta Technique was used to determine required principal components to map HC microseepage and related clay mineral alteration. Then, this methodology is applied to the whole ASTER image. Ground truth study showed that more than 65% of the revisited anomalies show similar prospects to that of the referenced anticline regardless of their geochemical content. In order to certify the ASTER band combination for mapping HC microseepages, anomalous and non-anomalous pixels were selected from the resultant HC map and given as training data samples to AdaBoost loop which is an image processing algorithm. It has been found that ASTER band combination offered for mapping HC microseepages is similar to that of AdaBoost Algorithm output.

Two approaches were developed for detecting earthquake damaged buildings from post-event aerial photographs using shadow analysis and perceptual grouping. In the first approach, it is assumed that the vector boundaries of the buildings are not known a priori. Therefore, only the post-event aerial photographs were used to detect the collapsed buildings. The approach relies on an idea that if a building is fully damaged then, it will not generate a closed contour. First, a median filter is applied to remove the noise. Then, the edge pixels are detected through a Canny edge detector and the line segments are extracted from the output edge image using a raster-to-vector conversion process. After that, the line segments are grouped together using a three-level hierarchical perceptual grouping procedure to form a closed contour. The principles used in perceptual grouping include the proximity, the collinearity, the continuity and the perpendicularity. In the second approach, it is assumed that the vector boundaries of the buildings are known a priori. Therefore, this information is used as additional data source to detect the collapsed buildings. First, the edges are detected from the image through a Canny edge detector. Second, the line segments are extracted using a raster-to-vector conversion process. Then, a two-level hierarchical perceptual grouping procedure is used to group these line segments. The boundaries of the buildings are available and stored in a GIS as vector polygons. Therefore, after applying the perceptual grouping procedure, the damage conditions of the buildings are assessed on a building-by-building basis by measuring the agreement between the detected line segments and the vector boundaries.

In the first part of this thesis, we utilize the mouse model to evaluate the environmental chemical Butyl Benzyl Phthalate. Due to lack of research on female exposure to BBP, this thesis focuses on quantifying the effects of gestational exposure on the female mammary gland Here male and female parental mice were exposed before mating and through pregnancy and lactation to one of three doses of BBP or the control via oral ingestion. After weaning, offspring were sacrificed at puberty or early adulthood and evaluated for altered mammary gland morphology or hormonal receptor expression. Results indicate a persistent statistically significant increase in weight among the highest BBP dose group. Additionally, the high-dose adult treatment group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in terminal ends. Finally, the mid-dose adult group demonstrated significantly higher expression of the progesterone receptor compared to the low and high-dose BBP groups. There were no significant findings in pubertal female outcomes. In the second part of this thesis, we evaluate the existing OECD Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Guidelines (TG 443). First by summarizing the endpoints and outcomes evaluated in studies that implement these guidelines, and additionally discussing the current OECD recommendations for mammary gland evaluation. We conclude with outlining the remaining questions to be evaluated and further research necessary to establish that the mammary gland should be added to TG 443.

No description available.

Las fuentes de financiamiento son recursos financieros a disposición de la empresa para un mejor crecimiento económico que se puede lograr invirtiendo en el factor físico, humano y tecnológico. La investigación se enfocó en determinar los efectos que generan las fuentes de financiamiento en el crecimiento económico de las MYPES del Distrito de Olmos. Por lo que se utilizó el método teórico de enfoque cuantitativo y diseño no experimental aplicando técnicas de la encuesta a una muestra de 93 MYPES y la entrevista a los gerentes de las 6 entidades financieras. Se describió el Distrito de Olmos en el aspecto económico, social, político y tecnológico en la que se evidenció un desarrollo positivo por el Proyecto Olmos, además se determinó que las MYPES se endeudaron con los siguientes productos financieros: Crédito MYPE, Crédito campaña y Crédito rural. De los efectos: capital físico, capital humano y tecnológico se determinó que una proporción considerable de MYPES mayormente del sector comercio (bodegas), han invertido en la compra de más mercadería (capital físico); y en sector servicio (restaurantes y hospedajes), considerándose un efecto positivo la influencia de las fuentes de financiamiento para el crecimiento económico. Aún existen factores que limitan su desarrollo en el tiempo, por falta de una buena administración del negocio, desconocimientos de gestión empresarial y carencia de programas contables. Para ello se recomendó a las entidades financieras capacitar a los microempresarios sobre el buen manejo del crédito para que las inversiones les generen rentabilidad.

EINLEITUNG: Die externe Stabilisierung von Venengrafts soll die Scherkräfte auf die Venenwand vermindern und dadurch die Ausbildung einer Neointimaproliferation reduzieren. In experimentellen Modellen wurde diese Hypothese im Kurzzeitversuch überprüft. Es fanden sich in diesem Zeitraum widersprüchliche Ergebnisse. Ziel unserer Untersuchung war es, in einem neuen Modell der arterialisierten segmentalen Vena-jugularis-Transposition auf die infrarenale Aorta den Einfluss einer externen Fibrinkleberstabilisierung auf die Neointimabildung des Venengrafts im Langzeitversuch darzustellen. MATERIAL UND METHODEN: Männlichen Wistar-Ratten wurden Segmente der Vena jugularis entnommen und in Flussrichtung, nach Entfernen eines Aortensegmentes, in die infrarenale Aorta eingebracht. Somit entspricht dieses einem Venenbypassmodell mit komplett arterialisiertem Venengraft. Vor

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / 28/11/2019