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Ma recherche consiste en une analyse sémantique et morphologique des formes verbales dites « surcomposées » en français (j’ai eu fait, j’avais eu fait, j’aurai eu fait, etc.). La forme la plus fréquemment employée et la mieux représentée est la forme appelée « passé surcomposé », du type j’ai eu fait. Mais à des degrés divers, toutes les formes du paradigme sont attestées.Le passé surcomposé connaît deux emplois distincts. Le premier, appelé « standard », est attesté dans toute la francophonie. Cette forme peut être décrite comme un passé résultatif, car, par son aspect « accompli », elle pointe la phase qui, dans le passé, fait suite au procès. Utilisée en relation avec le passé composé à valeur aoristique, qui pointe le procès en cours de déroulement, elle crée des effets d’antériorité (quand il a eu mangé, il est parti).Le second emploi, dit « régional », n’est attesté que dans les domaines à substrat occitan et francoprovençal. Ce second passé surcomposé peut être décrit comme un parfait d’expérience, car il possède toujours une valeur « expérientielle », qui indique qu’il est arrivé au moins une fois à une situation donnée de se produire à l’intérieur d’un certain intervalle temporel. Pour les locuteurs qui emploient ces formes, un énoncé comme j’ai eu mangé du requin signifie ainsi il m’est arrivé au moins une fois de manger du requin. Les formes « standard » et les formes « régionales » ne sont pas seulement distinctes sémantiquement. Elles sont également différentes sur le plan morphologique : tandis que les premières sont construites par composition de l’auxiliaire (avoir eu + fait), les secondes se construisent par l’insertion du morphème eu, marqueur expérientiel, dans le syntagme verbal composé : avoir (+eu) fait. Cette différence n’est certes pas « visible » pour les formes qui se construisent avec l’auxiliaire « avoir ». Mais elle se révèle avec les verbes qui demandent l’auxiliaire « être » : les formes résultatives se construisent en effet sur le modèle de avoir été + parti (quand il a été parti, je suis allée me coucher), tandis que les formes expérientielles se construisent sur le modèle de être (+eu) parti (on est eu partis en vacances en Italie). La correspondance entre sens et forme étant absolue, la thèse défendue dans mon travail est qu’il ne s’agit pas seulement de types d’emploi distincts, mais bien de formes verbales différentes / My research consists in a semantic and morphological analysis of the so-called “surcomposé” verbal forms in French (j’ai eu fait, j’avais eu fait, j’aurai eu fait, etc.). The most frequently used and best-represented form is called “passé surcomposé”, such as j’ai eu fait. However, all the forms of the paradigm are attested to some degree.The passé surcomposé displays two distinct uses. The first one, known as the “standard use”, is attested throughout the French-speaking world. This type can be described as a resultative past. Indeed, through its “perfect” aspect, it points to the phase, in the past, following the process. Used in association with the passé composé with an aoristic value, which points to the on-going process, it creates anteriority effects (quand il a eu mangé, il est parti).The second use, referred to as “regional”, is only attested in the areas with an Occitan and a Franco-Provencal substrate. This second passé surcomposé can be described as an experiential perfect because it always has an “experiential” value that indicates that a given situation has occurred at least once within a certain temporal interval. Speakers who use these forms understand an utterance like j’ai eu mangé du requin as I have eaten shark at least once.The “standard” and “regional” forms do not only differ in terms of semantics. They are also different at the morphological level: whereas the former are constructed by auxiliary composition (avoir eu + fait), the latter are constructed by the insertion of the morpheme eu, which is an experiential marker, in the composed verbal phrase: avoir (+eu) fait. Of course this difference is not “visible” for forms constructed with the auxiliary “avoir”. It is however revealed with verbs requiring the auxiliary “être”: resultative forms are constructed on the model avoir été + parti (quand il a été parti, je suis allée me coucher), while experiential forms are constructed on the model être (+eu) parti (on est eu partis en vacances en Italie).As the form-meaning correspondence is absolute, the present work proposes a view according to which these forms correspond to different verbal forms and not only distinct uses

In this thesis a 3-D Euler flow solver is coupled with a finite element program in order to solve static aeroelastic problems involving aircraft wings. A loosely coupled solution approach based on an iterative solution procedure is used to solve the coupled field problem. Because of the deformation of the underlying surface over which the flow is solved, Computational Fluid Dynamics mesh has to move at each computational aeroelastic iteration in order to comform to the new shape of the aerodynamic surface. As a part of this work, a procedure is developed in order to move fluid grid points, which views the whole computational domain as an isotropic elastic medium and solves it using finite element method. A matching discrete interface is defined / displacement and pressure data exchange is accomplished at this interface. AGARD Wing 445.6 and an elastic supercritical wing is modelled and solved with the developed computational aeroelastic procedure and the obtained results are compared with numerical and wind tunnel data.

Nous nous proposons dans cette étude une exploration de la catégorisation du lexique verbal en nous focalisant sur la relation de troponymie peu connue et rarement reprise dans la littérature, proposée par Ch. Fellbaum (1990) en raison de sa capacité à structurer hiérarchiquement le lexique verbal. Les verbs of killing présentent un cas intéressant du fait de leur nombre et de leur multiplication dans le lexique, du fait également que contrairement à d’autres champs sémantiques, ils n’ont pas été étudiés systématiquement jusqu’alors. Du côté didactique, nous étudierons ces verbes en contexte : celui de l’apprentissage du français langue étrangère par des sujets adultes en Jordanie. Nous défendrons une position qui met en question la notion d’erreur lexicale chez la catégorie de locuteurs visée : considérant que les erreurs ne constituent que des « dialectes idiosyncrasiques » (selon S. Pit Corder, 1980), nous proposons une approche qui se définit en termes de stratégies communicationnelles en focalisant sur l’utilisation des verbes en relation de (co-)troponymie intra/inter domaines, qui résulte du caractère associatif et flexible du lexique verbal d’une langue. Pour ce faire, nous traiterons la production d’énoncés non conventionnels, autrement dit « erronés », dans lesquels les verbes entretiennent une relation de (co-)troponymie en termes de « degrés de vérité » (G. Kleiber 1990), en nous appuyant sur la maxime conversationnelle de qualité chez P. Grice (1975). Nous envisagerons ces problèmes dans une perspective translinguistique : ce travail de thèse fait appel de manière convergente à des notions issues de plusieurs disciplines linguistiques, lexique et sémantique, avec un arrière-plan cognitif et didactique / The purpose of this research is to explore the categorization of the verbal lexicon by focusing on the relations of troponymy, a notion which is not very known or referred to in the literature of lexicology, although it helps to structure the verbal lexicon hierarchically. Verbs of Killing present an interesting case due to their number and multiplication, but also because they are little or not yet studied. The researcher will study written performances of Jordanians studying French as a foreign language at the university level. The researcher defends a position which questions the term" lexical error" among the Jordanian learners of French. Since the language they speak is a particular type of "idiosyncratic dialects", we propose an approach that could be defined in terms of communication strategies, by focusing on the use of verbs having co-troponymy relations, intra and inter areas, resulting from the associative and flexible nature of the verbal lexicon. To do this, we handle the production of unconventional statements, which means "false", in which verbs have a relationship of (co)-troponymy in terms of "degrees of truth", according to the conversational maxim of quality in P. Grice 1975

In this thesis a fluid-structure coupling procedure which consists of a commercial flow solver, FLUENT, a finite element structural solver, MSC/NASTRAN, and the coupling interface between the two disciplines is developed in order to solve static and dynamic aeroelastic problems. The flow solver relies on inviscid Euler equations with finite volume discretization. In order to perform faster computations, multiple processors are parallelized. Closely coupled approach is used to solve the coupled field aeroelastic problems. For static aeroelastic analysis Euler equations and elastic linear structural equations are coupled to predict deformations under aerodynamic loads. Linear interpolation using Alternating Digital Tree data structure is performed in order to exchange the data between structural and aerodynamic grid. Likewise for dynamic aeroelastic analysis, a numerical method is developed to predict the aeroelastic response and flutter boundary. Modal approach is used for structural response and Newmark algorithm is used for time-marching. Infinite spline method is used to exchange displacement and pressure data between structural and aerodynamic grid. In order to adapt the new shape of the aerodynamic surface at each aeroelastic iteration, Computational Fluid Dynamic mesh is moved based on spring based smoothing and local remeshing method provided by FLUENT User Defined Function. AGARD Wing 445.6 and a generic slender missile are modeled and solved with the developed procedure and obtained results are compared with numerical and experimental data available in literature.

In this thesis, a loosely coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis method is developed for the solution of steady state missile/rocket aeroelastic problems. FLUENT is used as the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool to solve Euler equations whereas ANSYS is used as the Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) tool to solve linear structural problem. The use of two different solvers requires exchanging data between fluid and structure domains at each iteration step. Kriging interpolation method is employed for the data transfer between non-coincident fluid and structure grids. For mesh deformation FLUENT&rsquo / s built-in spring based smoothing approach is utilized. The study is mainly divided into two parts. In the first part static aeroelastic analysis for AGARD 445.6 wing is conducted and the results are compared with the reference studies. Deformation and pressure coefficient results are compared with reference both of which are in good agreement. In the second part, to investigate possible effects of aeroelasticity on rocket and missile configurations, static aeroelastic analysis for a canard controlled generic slender missile which is similar to a conventional 2.75&rdquo / rocket geometry is conducted and results of the analysis for elastic missile are compared with the rigid case. It is seen that the lift force produced by canards and tails lessen due to deformations, stability characteristics of the missile decreases significantly and center of pressure location changes due to the deformations in the control surfaces.

<p align="justify">This work deals with the development of numerical methods for compressible flow simulation with application to the interaction of fluid flows and structural bodies.</p> <p align="justify">First, we develop numerical methods based on multidimensional upwind residual distribution (RD) schemes. Theoretical results for the stability and accuracy of the methods are given. Then, the RD schemes for unsteady problems are extended for computations on moving meshes. As a second approach, cell centered and vertex centered finite volume (FV) schemes are considered. The RD schemes are compared to FV schemes by means of the 1D modified equation and by the comparison of the numerical results for scalar problems and system of Euler equations. We present a number of two and three dimensional steady and unsteady test cases, illustrating properties of the numerical methods. The results are compared with the theoretical solution and experimental data.</p> <p align="justify">In the second part, a numerical method for fluid-structure interaction problems is developed. The problem is divided into three distinct sub-problems: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computational Solid Mechanics and the problem of fluid mesh movement. The problem of Computational Solid Mechanics is formulated as a system of partial differential equations for an anisotropic elastic continuum and solved by the finite element method. The mesh movement is determined using the pseudo-elastic continuum approach and solved again by the finite element method. The coupling of the problems is achieved by a simple sub-iterative approach. Capabilities of the methods are demonstrated on computations of 2D supersonic panel flutter and 3D transonic flutter of the AGARD 445.6 wing. In the first case, the results are compared with the theoretical solution and the numerical computations given in the references. In the second case the comparison with experimental data is presented.</p>

<p align="justify">This work deals with the development of numerical methods for compressible flow simulation with application to the interaction of fluid flows and structural bodies.</p><p><p><p align="justify">First, we develop numerical methods based on multidimensional upwind residual distribution (RD) schemes. Theoretical results for the stability and accuracy of the methods are given. Then, the RD schemes for unsteady problems are extended for computations on moving meshes. As a second approach, cell centered and vertex centered finite volume (FV) schemes are considered. The RD schemes are compared to FV schemes by means of the 1D modified equation and by the comparison of the numerical results for scalar problems and system of Euler equations. We present a number of two and three dimensional steady and unsteady test cases, illustrating properties of the numerical methods. The results are compared with the theoretical solution and experimental data.</p><p><p><p align="justify">In the second part, a numerical method for fluid-structure interaction problems is developed. The problem is divided into three distinct sub-problems: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computational Solid Mechanics and the problem of fluid mesh movement. The problem of Computational Solid Mechanics is formulated as a system of partial differential equations for an anisotropic elastic continuum and solved by the finite element method. The mesh movement is determined using the pseudo-elastic continuum approach and solved again by the finite element method. The coupling of the problems is achieved by a simple sub-iterative approach. Capabilities of the methods are demonstrated on computations of 2D supersonic panel flutter and 3D transonic flutter of the AGARD 445.6 wing. In the first case, the results are compared with the theoretical solution and the numerical computations given in the references. In the second case the comparison with experimental data is presented.</p> / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished