The human palatine tonsils play important roles in host immunity and provide a barrier against invading pathogens. However the Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus pyogenes often penetrates their defences. This results in tonsillitis, in which sufferers present with swollen and painful palatine tonsils. Moreover tonsillitis is often recurrent. Despite tonsillitis being relatively common, the immunological factors that allow this infection to perpetuate remain obscure. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), expressed at epithelial and mucosal surfaces, provide a first-line of defence against potential pathogens. Moreover these molecules have also been reported to be up-regulated in response to infection, but their roles in the defence of the human palatine tonsils are not well known. Studies were therefore initiated to test the hypothesis that a defect in the innate immune response involving host AMPs, is a cause or contributory factor to recurrent acute tonsillitis (RAT). The first study investigated and compared AMP gene expression patterns in palatine tonsils excised from patients undergoing tonsillectomy for RAT to those of control subjects whose tonsils were excised for conditions such as snoring. To date it was the largest investigation of its kind using over ninety tonsils. The levels of LL-37, HBDl, HBD2 and LEAP-2 AMP mRNA expression were quantified by real-time PCR assays developed and optimised specifically for the study. The data indicated that all AMP genes examined were expressed, that considerable variability was detected between the AMP expression levels of individual subjects but that the mean AMP expression levels between the RAT and control groups were not statistically different. This study was conducted using tonsils excised from RAT patients at the time of their surgery when they were probably not suffering a streptococcal infection. To answer the question of whether RAT was due to a failure of the AMPs to up-regulate in response to infection, an in vitro model was adopted. HaCaT cells were used as the in vitro model of the tonsil and challenged with Group A streptococci. Quantitative real-time expression data suggested that in response to the S. pyogenes MI serotype, HBDI gene expression was decreased, suggesting that GAS down regulates the expression of this gene, whereas that of LEAP-2 was induced. The results of challenge experiments performed using pili-defective mutants also suggested that such changes in the host response occurred in the absence of streptococcal binding. The HaCaT cells were not however derived from tonsil. Thus to further investigate streptococcal-tonsil AMP responses an ex vivo tonsil model was used. Following challenge of the control (non-RAT) and RAT tonsil sections with S. pyogenes, a statistically significant increase in HBDI gene expression and a decrease in HBD2 gene expression were observed in the control (non-RAT) tonsils. No comparable statistically significant changes were identified in the RAT tonsils. These data therefore highlighted differences between the AMP expression profiles of the control (non-RAT) and RAT tonsils in response to a S. pyogenes M I challenge. Although speculative these data indicate that the RAT tonsils were less able to respond to the S. pyogenes challenge, which in part may help to explain the susceptibility of RAT patients to infection.

Submitted by Morgana Andrade (morgana.andrade@ufes.br) on 2016-04-08T21:16:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) LUCIANA MARBA 2015.pdf: 3871164 bytes, checksum: 64e98bb6663bb4b43090255faac04d17 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barros (patricia.barros@ufes.br) on 2017-05-15T11:44:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 LUCIANA MARBA 2015.pdf: 3871164 bytes, checksum: 64e98bb6663bb4b43090255faac04d17 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-15T11:44:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 LUCIANA MARBA 2015.pdf: 3871164 bytes, checksum: 64e98bb6663bb4b43090255faac04d17 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / As cerâmicas odontológicas utilizadas para a confecção de restaurações estéticas indiretas podem ser acometidas por trincas ou fraturas durante a vida útil em meio bucal. Este estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar a influência das características sociodemográficas e do padrão facial na força máxima de mordida e, consequentemente, na incidência de fraturas de coroas parciais ou totais de cerâmica. Foram coletadas informações sobre as características sociodemográficas e variáveis clínicas a partir da leitura dos prontuários odontológicos; do padrão facial dos indivíduos da amostra a partir dos traçados cefalométricos; dos valores da força máxima de mordida a partir da compressão do sensor de força Flexiforce EFL (Tekscan,Boston, EUA) posicionado sobre o primeiro molar. Foi aplicado o teste estatístico não-paramétrico de Mann-Whitney, e os resultados foram dispostos em tabelas. Dos 25 participantes do estudo, 16 pertenciam ao gênero feminino e 9 ao gênero masculino. A faixa etária dos participantes variou entre 30 a 60 anos ou mais, sendo que 15 (60%) apresentavam-se entre 30 a 49 anos e 10 (40%) apresentavam-se com 50 anos ou mais, com uma média de idade de 48,92 ± 9 anos. O grupo apresentou uma força máxima de mordida média de 213N± 84N. Os homens apresentaram maiores valores de força máxima de mordida quando comparados ao grupo das mulheres (p=0,05). O gênero masculino apresentou maiores valores de força máxima de mordida. Não foi possível a determinação da influência da faixa etária e do padrão facial na magnitude da força máxima de mordida. Percentualmente ocorreu maior incidência de fratura nos indivíduos do gênero masculino, nos indivíduos na faixa etária de 30 a 49 anos e nos indivíduos com padrão facial braquicéfalo, os quais apresentam distintos valores de força máxima de mordida. / The dental ceramics used for making indirect aesthetic restorations can be affected by cracks or fractures during lifetime in the oral environment. This study aims to evaluate the influence of sociodemographic and facial pattern in maximum bite force and consequently the incidence of fractured crowns partial or full ceramic. Data were collected on sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables from the reading of dental records; facial pattern of the sample from the cephalometric x-ray; values of the maximum bite force were measured from the compression of the sensor FLEXIFORCE EFL (Tekscan, Boston, USA) positioned on the first molar. The statistical non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was applied and the results were tabulated. From the 25 study participants, 16 were females and 9 were males. The age of participants ranged from 30 to 60 years old or more, whereas 15 (60%) were between 30 to 49 years old and 10 (40%) presented with 50 or more years old, with a mean age of 48.92 ± 9 years old. The group had an average maximum bite force of 213N ± 84N. Men showed higher maximum bite force when compared to women (p = 0.05). Males had higher maximum bite force. It was not able to determine the influence of age and facial pattern in the magnitude of maximum bite force. The study found a higher incidence of fractures in male subjects, in subjects aged 30 to 49 years and patients with facial pattern brachycephalic, with different values of maximum bite force.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:26:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_4200_Dissertação Priscilla Coppo.pdf: 1792164 bytes, checksum: a5582e0f738e32fbe27c3261e5994d2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-16 / Os estudos clínicos de dentes desvitalizados e restaurados com pinos mostram resultados semelhantes no que diz respeito ao percentual de falhas ou insucessos, apesar de tantas variações técnicas, metodológicas e operatórias entre eles. Os insucessos são maiores quando se tratam de elementos dentais coronariamente destruídos ou comprometidos periapicalmente. Com o objetivo de identificar o efeito das variações clínicas que influenciam na longevidade do tratamento e a prevalência de descimentação de pinos, cárie marginal, fraturas radiculares e de lesões periapicais, foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva do desempenho clínico de dentes restaurados com pino de fibra de carbono. Foram avaliados 139 dentes em 75 pacientes, três anos após a data de cimentação dos pinos. Os dentes foram submetidos a tratamentos endodônticos, incluindo preparos dos condutos para pino, e tratamentos restauradores, realizados pelo mesmo endodontista e protesista, respectivamente, segundo protocolos padronizados. Através de exame clínico, radiográfico, fotográfico, laudos endodônticos e informações obtidas de prontuários, os dentes foram classificados de acordo com: grupos dentais, modalidade de tratamento endodôntico recebida, intervalo decorrido entre a última sessão endodôntica e a cimentação do pino, morfologia do pino, quantidade de remanescente dentinário coronário após preparo protético e sistema da coroa protética utilizado. Não foram constatadas descimentações de pinos, fraturas radiculares, ou cáries, e a classificação foi favorável para 99,3% (138 dentes) dos tratamentos endodônticos realizados. De acordo com os parâmetros analisados, os resultados desse estudo revelaram que as variações clínicas identificadas, consideradas desfavoráveis, não foram fatores determinantes para o insucesso, partindo-se do conjunto de procedimentos e materiais utilizados para o tratamento dos dentes desses pacientes. / Clinical studies of devitalized teeth restored with posts show similar outcomes with regard to the percentage of faults or failures, despite many technical variations, methodological and operative between them. The failures are greater when dealing with teeth coronally destroyed or periapically compromised. The aim of this study was identify the effect of clinical variants that influence the longevity of treatment and prevalence of dislodgment of post, marginal caries, root fracture and periapical lesions was performed a retrospective analysis of clinical performance of teeth restored with carbon fiber post. 139 teeth were evaluated in 75 patients, three years after the date of cementing the posts. The teeth were root canal treatments, including preparations of the conduits to posts, and restorative treatments, performed by the same endodontist and prosthetics, respectively, according to standardized protocols. Through clinical, radiographic, photographic, endodontic reports and information obtained from medical records, the teeth were classified according to: tooth groups, type of endodontic treatment received, time span between the last endodontic session and bonded post, morphology of the post, amount of remaining dentin after crown preparation and prosthetic crown system used. There were no dislodgment of post, root fractures, or caries, and the rank was favorably for 99.3% (138 teeth) of endodontic treatment. According to these parameters, the outcomes of this study revealed that the clinical variations identified, that are considered unfavourable, were not determining for the failure, starting from the set of procedures and materials used for dental treatment of these patients.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:26:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_4200_Dissertação Priscilla Coppo.pdf: 1792164 bytes, checksum: a5582e0f738e32fbe27c3261e5994d2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-16 / Os estudos clínicos de dentes desvitalizados e restaurados com pinos mostram resultados semelhantes no que diz respeito ao percentual de falhas ou insucessos, apesar de tantas variações técnicas, metodológicas e operatórias entre eles. Os insucessos são maiores quando se tratam de elementos dentais coronariamente destruídos ou comprometidos periapicalmente. Com o objetivo de identificar o efeito das variações clínicas que influenciam na longevidade do tratamento e a prevalência de descimentação de pinos, cárie marginal, fraturas radiculares e de lesões periapicais, foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva do desempenho clínico de dentes restaurados com pino de fibra de carbono. Foram avaliados 139 dentes em 75 pacientes, três anos após a data de cimentação dos pinos. Os dentes foram submetidos a tratamentos endodônticos, incluindo preparos dos condutos para pino, e tratamentos restauradores, realizados pelo mesmo endodontista e protesista, respectivamente, segundo protocolos padronizados. Através de exame clínico, radiográfico, fotográfico, laudos endodônticos e informações obtidas de prontuários, os dentes foram classificados de acordo com: grupos dentais, modalidade de tratamento endodôntico recebida, intervalo decorrido entre a última sessão endodôntica e a cimentação do pino, morfologia do pino, quantidade de remanescente dentinário coronário após preparo protético e sistema da coroa protética utilizado. Não foram constatadas descimentações de pinos, fraturas radiculares, ou cáries, e a classificação foi favorável para 99,3% (138 dentes) dos tratamentos endodônticos realizados. De acordo com os parâmetros analisados, os resultados desse estudo revelaram que as variações clínicas identificadas, consideradas desfavoráveis, não foram fatores determinantes para o insucesso, partindo-se do conjunto de procedimentos e materiais utilizados para o tratamento dos dentes desses pacientes. / Clinical studies of devitalized teeth restored with posts show similar outcomes with regard to the percentage of faults or failures, despite many technical variations, methodological and operative between them. The failures are greater when dealing with teeth coronally destroyed or periapically compromised. The aim of this study was identify the effect of clinical variants that influence the longevity of treatment and prevalence of dislodgment of post, marginal caries, root fracture and periapical lesions was performed a retrospective analysis of clinical performance of teeth restored with carbon fiber post. 139 teeth were evaluated in 75 patients, three years after the date of cementing the posts. The teeth were root canal treatments, including preparations of the conduits to posts, and restorative treatments, performed by the same endodontist and prosthetics, respectively, according to standardized protocols. Through clinical, radiographic, photographic, endodontic reports and information obtained from medical records, the teeth were classified according to: tooth groups, type of endodontic treatment received, time span between the last endodontic session and bonded post, morphology of the post, amount of remaining dentin after crown preparation and prosthetic crown system used. There were no dislodgment of post, root fractures, or caries, and the rank was favorably for 99.3% (138 teeth) of endodontic treatment. According to these parameters, the outcomes of this study revealed that the clinical variations identified, that are considered unfavourable, were not determining for the failure, starting from the set of procedures and materials used for dental treatment of these patients.