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Investigations into the use of nano-based antimicrobial and osteoconductive coatings for bone implantsMemarzadeh, Kaveh January 2014 (has links)
Objectives: Orthopaedic and dental implants are prone to frequent infections. This can lead to detrimental and often irreversible outcomes for many patients. The objective of this study was to develop a novel system using zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO) as a coating material that inhibits both bacterial adhesion / growth and promotes osteoblast growth. Methods and Results: Initially bacteria (S. aureus, E. coli, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa) were exposed to different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticulate suspensions (250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL, 1000 μg/mL and 2500 μg/mL); with the higher concentrations of the suspensions demonstrating significant bactericidal effects. A novel electrohydrodynamic atomization coating technique (EHDA) was used to deposit mixtures of nZnO and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) onto the surface of glass samples (1 cm2). Exposure of the coated samples to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and adult bovine serum (ABS) and measurement of bactericidal activity demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity for 100% and 75% nZnO composite coated samples. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from osteoblast-like cells (UMR-106 and MG-63) exposed to both nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO nanoparticulate suspension supernatants indicated minimal toxicity. Nano-ZnO coated samples did not elicit LDH release with an increase in proliferation and viability of cells was observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy indicated that all cell types used (mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblast-like cells) were able to maintain their normal morphological state when adhered to the surface of the nano-coated material. Further studies as regards to patterned coated samples showed an exclusive adhesion selection by osteoblast-like cells to nZnO patterned regions that needs to be further investigated. Conclusion: ZnO NPs provide an antimicrobial and biocompatible coating material for medical and dental bone implants.
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The development of methods to deliver propofol safely and effectively for sedationAnderson, Keith John January 2016 (has links)
This thesis, awarded by published work represents a collection of clinical studies that advance the knowledge of why to, and how best to, administer propofol safely using an innovative technique, 'Patient Maintained Sedation' (PMS).
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'Home sick' : exploring the impact of receiving a volunteer unrelated donor haematopoietic stem cell transplant far from home on the perceived coping of patients residing in the NHS Highland regionAnderson, Bethany January 2015 (has links)
This project aims to gather the experiences of patients living within the NHS Highland region who have travelled to Glasgow to receive their allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant. It examines the effects of travelling long distances and remaining away from home for treatment, on coping. The project used a qualitative design, looking retrospectively at participants’ experiences. Semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim before being analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Results of the analysis indicated ten super-ordinate themes: Impact of physical health, ward life, “there is no place like home”, social support is key, the known versus the unknown, technology, the role of thoughts, change of environment, moving along a journey and the direct consequences of the distance. The results enhance understanding of the factors and resources which can aid patients’ coping. This information will be used to help prepare future patients embarking on their own treatment journey, as well as guiding staff as to how they can best prepare patients and support them to cope during treatment.
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Le rôle paradoxal d’Internet dans le développement d’un service de croyance : cas du tourisme de chirurgie esthétique en Tunisie / The paradoxical role of Internet in the development of a credence service : the case of cosmetic surgery in TunisiaHallem, Yousra 12 December 2012 (has links)
Bien qu'il soit un service à fort attributs de croyance, le tourisme médical s'est fortement développé, et de manière paradoxale, grâce à Internet. Traitant du cas du tourisme de chirurgie esthétique, une première étape exploratoire, nous a permis de vérifier le rôle central d'Internet dans la contraction du service médico-touristique par le biais de ses fonctions informationnelle, sociale et relationnelle. Les résultats de l' étape confirmatoire nous ont permis de conclure que l'augmentation de la confiance envers le prestataire médico-touristique sous l'effet des fonctions informationnelles et relationnelles permet de réduire le risque perçu inhérent au service médicotouristique. Les fonctions informationnelles et sociales d'Internet, par le fait qu'elles permettent aux patients-touristes d'accéder à une plus grande quantité d'information et de s'identifier aux expériences d'autrui, simplifient le processus d'évaluation des attributs de croyance et donc la réduction du risque perçu. La confiance à l'égard du prestataire médico-touristique et la simplification du processus d'évaluation des attributs de croyance du service permettent de réduire le risque perçu inhérent au service qui se banalise, un service dont les attributs de croyance sont désormais perçus comme des attributs d'expérience. C'est en effet la transformation de la perception des patients-touristes des attributs de croyance par le biais des fonctions d'Internet qui expliquent pourquoi un tel service de croyance se commercialise par Internet alors qu'il ne devrait pas l' être selon la théorie. / Although it is a service of high credence attributes, medical tourism was surprisingly grown thanks to the Internet. Treating the specifie case of cosmetic surgery, and through an exploratory study, the research enabled us to stress on the important role of Internet in contracting a medico-touristic service and to specify the main functions of Internet in the context of medical tourism. These functions are informational, social and relational. The confirmatory analysis shows that enhancement of trust in the service provider through the impact of the informational and relational functions reduce the perceived risk of the medico-touristic service. We considered trust as being an antecedent of perceived risk. The informational and social functions of Internet enable medical tourists to access to huge information and to live and indirect experience of a medico-touristic service through vicarious experiences. The access to information and to the experience of other medical tourists makes the process of evaluation of credence attributes simpler, which reduce the perceived risk. Trusting on the service provider and the simplification of the evaluation of the credence attributes lead to reduce the perceived risk inherent to the medico-touristic service. The risk reduction leads also the modification of medical tourists' perception of credence attributes which will be perceived as experience attributes. The modification of medical tourist's perception of credence attributes through Internet functions explain why and how a credence service is marketed on Internet while it should not be theoretically.
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Effects of anæsthesia on old peopleSimpson, B. R. January 1964 (has links)
No description available.
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Prosthetic body parts in literature and culture, 1832 to 1908Sweet, Ryan Craig January 2016 (has links)
Covering the years 1832 to 1908, a period that saw significant development in prosthetic technologies—in particular artificial legs, teeth, and eyes—this thesis explores representations of prostheses in British and American nineteenth- and early twentieth-century literature and culture. By considering prosthetic devices such as wooden legs and hook hands alongside artificial body parts that are often overlooked in terms of their status as prostheses, such as wigs and dentures, this thesis is the first to examine holistically the varied and complex attitudes displayed towards attempts to efface bodily loss in this period. Lennard J. Davis has shown how the concept of physical normalcy, against which bodily difference is defined, gained cultural momentum in the nineteenth century as bodily statistics emerged onto the scene (Enforcing Normalcy). This thesis builds on Davis’s work by considering other historical factors that contributed to the rise of physical normalcy, a concept that I show was buttressed by an understanding of the “healthy body” as “whole”. Like Davis, I also explore the denigration of physical difference that such a rise encouraged. The prosthesis industry, which saw tremendous development in the nineteenth century, cashed in on the increasing mandate for physical normalcy. However, as this thesis shows—and where it breaks new ground—while contemporary journalism and advertising often lauded the accomplishments of an emerging group of professional prosthesis makers, fiction tended to provide the other side of the picture, revealing the stereotypes, stigma, scepticism, inadequacies, and injustices attached to the use and dissemination of prosthetic devices. I argue that Victorian prosthesis narratives complicated the hegemony of normalcy that Davis has shown emerged in this period. Showing how representations of the prostheticised body were inflected significantly by factors such as social class, gender, and age, this thesis argues that nineteenth-century prosthesis narratives, though presented in a predominantly ableist manner, challenged the dominance of physical completeness as they either questioned the logic of prostheticisation or presented non-normative subjects in threateningly powerful ways.
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Investigating the effect of mechanical loading in a total reversed shoulder implantAbulkhair, Nesreen January 2012 (has links)
The shoulder joint is a multi-axis synovial ball and socket joint, by having a loose connection it provides a wide degree of freedom; however this means the joint lacks robustness and is prone to damage most commonly from shoulder dislocations. A rotator cuff tear causes major problems in allowing the arm to be lifted beyond a 90˚ abduction position. It is common that this insufficiency aggravates arthritis problems that may have occurred due the rotator cuff tear problem. The study focuses on investigating, describing and quantifying the implant geometric properties to evaluate the joint contact characteristics and use the outcome in redesign the implant. The investigation presents results of finite element analysis on a heavy loading condition on a Verso (reverse) shoulder implant which is validated using experimental data on the same prosthesis. The results are validated within a 5% error margin. A Verso implant is modelled using MIMICS (materialise) and imported into ABAQUS (Simulia, Providence, USA) to analyse the distribution of stress, strain and displacement across the Humerus and Scapula. Details of interaction, boundary conditions, loads and material properties are all obtained from research and applied to the model to portray realistic behaviour. The resulting stress, strain and displacement from this simulation are indicated to show the magnitude and distribution across the entire bone region. This validates the benefits of a Verso implant compared to conventional and long stemmed reverse shoulder implants, as well as provide a basis from which improved designs can be built upon and allow further accurate methods to be developed in analysing shoulder implants effectively.
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Études phénotypiques et fonctionnelles des capacités régénératives des kératinocytes humains - Application à l'autogreffe / Phenotypic and functional studies of the human keratinocyte regenerative capacities and graft applicationMcheik, Jiad 17 December 2013 (has links)
In vivo, l'épiderme se régénère en continu à travers la prolifération des cellules souches basales. Celles-ci obtenues à partir d'une biopsie cutanée, peuvent être greffées pour régénérer la peau. En vue de la transplantation kératinocytaire, nous avons étudié in vitro leur capacité à régénérer un épithélium en fonction de leur origine anatomique, et précisé leur phénotype. Par rapport aux différents sites étudiés, nous montrons que les kératinocytes issus de prépuce ont la plus grande capacité proliférative et régénérative, associée à une expression exacerbée de marqueurs d'immaturité, la p63 et la kératine 19 et une faible expression des marqueurs de la différenciation (involucrine et filagrine). Ces résultats nous ont amené à utiliser ces kératinocytes préputiaux en suspension pour transplanter les enfants brûlés, ce qui évite l'utilisation d'une membrane de transfert, source potentielle d'inefficacité. La transplantation des brûlures avec ces cellules autologues conduit à une épithélialisation accélérée avec une cicatrice de grande qualité. Ces résultats et la facilité de la procédure nous permettent de proposer la greffe autologue kératinocytaire de prépuce comme une procédure standard, qui peut être ajoutée à l'arsenal thérapeutique des équipes prenant en charge les enfants brûlés. / In vivo, the skin regenerates continuously through the proliferation of basal stem cells. That can be obtained from a skin biopsy and may be grafted to regenerate skin. In vitro, we studied the regenerative keratinocyte capacities according to site donors, and we noted that keratinocytes from foreskin have the greatest proliferative and regenerative capacities, combined with expression of progenitor cell markers (p63 and keratin 19) and low expression of epidermal differentiation markers (involucrin and filaggrin). These results led us to use these preputial keratinocytes in suspension for graft in burned children. Apply directly cells with a suspension device, eliminates the use of a transfer membrane and a potential source of inefficiency. In our study, boys grafted with autologous keratinocytes isolated from foreskin leads to epithelialization with a high quality of scar. This technique is easily applicable to a large number of pediatric surgery teams. Our clinical success and the safety of the procedure in the operating room enable us to propose the kératinocyataire autologous transplantation as a standard procedure, which can be added to the therapeutic armamentarium in burns.
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Εφαρμογές έξυπνων υλικών σε πλατφόρμες οστεογένεσηςΗλιοπούλου, Βασιλική 20 April 2011 (has links)
Η διπλωματική αυτή εργασία πραγματεύεται τη μελέτη της μεθόδου Ilizarov καθώς και το σχεδιασμό, την κατασκευή και τον έλεγχο ενός ισοδύναμου με ένα βαθμό ελευθερίας του πλαισίου Taylor στοιχείου δράσης, του οποίου η ενεργοποίηση επιτυγχάνεται με τη χρήση έξυπνων υλικών και συγκεκριμένα μεταλλικών κραμάτων με μνήμη της μορφής (SMA).
Πρωτεύον μέλημά μας αποτελεί η μελέτη των γενικών χαρακτηριστικών της εξωτερικής σταθεροποίησης και η κατανόηση της μεθόδου Ilizarov με τη χρήση του πλαισίου Taylor (Κεφάλαιο 2). Ακολούθως, κάνουμε λόγο για τους ενεργοποιητές που χρησιμοποιούνται στη διάταξή μας, αναλύοντας εκτενώς τις ιδιότητες των κραμάτων με μνήμη της μορφής και πιο συγκεκριμένα των κραμάτων NiTi (Κεφάλαιο 3). Λαμβάνοντας υπόψη όλα τα προηγούμενα, είμαστε σε θέση να προχωρήσουμε στην υλοποίηση μίας κατασκευής που προσομοιώνει ένα βαθμό ελευθερίας του πλαισίου Taylor και η οποία ενεργοποιείται από τα παραπάνω έξυπνα υλικά. Πειράματα ανοικτού και κλειστού βρόχου ελέγχου της διάταξης εκτελούνται εν συνεχεία με τη βοήθεια ηλεκτρονικού υπολογιστή (Κεφάλαιο 4). Τέλος, παρουσιάζονται τα συμπεράσματα και οι προοπτικές της εν λόγω εργασίας (Κεφάλαιο 5). / The present diplomatic work consists of the study of Ilizarov method as well as the planning, the construction and the control of one out of six degrees of freedom of a Taylor platform. The activation of the experimental provision is achieved with the use of intelligent material and concretely shape memory alloys (SMA).
Our first concern is the study of the general characteristics of the exterior stabilization of the bones and the comprehension of Ilizarov method using the Taylor platform (Chapter 2). Followingly, we deal with the activators that are used in our provision, analyzing extensively the attributes of shape memory alloys and more concretely the alloys NiTi (Chapter 3). Taking into consideration all the above, we are in position to advance in the concretisation of a structure that simulates one degree of freedom of the Taylor platform and is activated by the SMA. We executed control experiments using LabView in an open and closed loop in order to test the provision (Chapter 4). Finally, are presented the conclusions and the prospects of this project (Chapter 5.)
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Evaluation péropératoire de la perfusion viscérale à l'aide de la fluorescence couplée à la réalité augmentée / Real-time fluorescence-based enhanced reality for visceral perfusion evaluationDiana, Michele 24 May 2016 (has links)
La perfusion intestinale est un facteur clé dans la guérison des anastomoses digestives. L'évaluation clinique de la perfusion demeure subjective et s’avère insuffisante pour prédire les complications anastomotiques, quelle que soit l'expérience du chirurgien. La vidéographie par fluorescence peut fournir une évaluation en temps réel de la perfusion intestinale. Suite à l'administration systémique d'une substance fluorescente, il est possible d’évaluer les unités de fluorescence, lorsque la zone d'intérêt est illuminée par une source de lumière spécifique. La présence de fluorescence est un marqueur de perfusion tissulaire mais cela reste une donnée subjective. Pour obtenir des données quantitatives, nous avons mis au point une solution d'analyse assistée par ordinateur permettant l'évaluation intraopératoire du site optimal de résection. Le logiciel peut générer une cartographie virtuelle de perfusion et celle-ci peut être superposée aux images laparoscopiques en pour obtenir l'effet de réalité augmentée. Cette thèse décrit le développement progressif de ce concept. / Pre-anastomotic bowel perfusion is a key factor for a successful healing process. Clinical evaluation of bowel perfusion is subjective and not accurate at predicting anastomotic complications, irrespective of the surgeon’s experience. Fluorescence videography analysis can provide real-time evaluation of bowel perfusion. Following the systemic administration of a fluorescent substance, fluorescence videography can compute the units of fluorescence, when the area of interest is illuminated by a specific light source. Fluorescence intensity is a marker of blood supply to the tissue. However, fluorescence intensity alone remains a subjective approach. We have developed a software solution enabling quantitative estimation of bowel perfusion, for intra-operative evaluation of the optimal resection site. The software can generate a “virtual perfusion cartography”, which can be overlapped onto real-time laparoscopic images to obtain the Enhanced Reality effect. This thesis describes the stepwise development of such concept.
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