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Cette thèse est orientée sciences de gestion et s’intéresse à l’innovation ouverte (IO). En terme pragmatique, l'innovation ouverte (IO) a pour objectif de créer de la valeur d’une part et les moyens de la diffuser par la mise en synergie de contributeurs d'un écosystème d’autre part. En termes plus managériaux et organisationnels, les Systèmes d'Information (SI), leurs processus et leurs outils vont permettre d'accélérer la création de valeur et d’optimiser et de tracer la diffusion de cette valeur. Cette recherche s’appuie sur une double assise théorique et empirique. Elle s’appuie en effet sur une partie du corpus théorique du management des systèmes d’information lié à la problématique de la connaissance (Dudezert, 2013) et de sa construction, de son intégrité et de son évaluation (Biot-Paquerot, 2013, Bidan et Godé, 2017) et ensuite sur une approche de type observation participative au sein de diverses entités en phase de co-construction de connaissances au travers d’écosystèmes d’affaires et d’innovation (Oruezabala, 2017) - EdF, Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Bee Live, etc. - et de démarches « client-pilote ». Cette approche qualitative nous a permis de mettre en lumière des résultats qui montrent une grande diversité des démarches terrain et l’originalité des outils de type clients pilotes, lead users et cartographiques. / This thesis is oriented in management sciences and focuses on open innovation (OI). In pragmatic terms, open innovation aims to create value on the one hand and the means to disseminate it through the synergy of contributors to an ecosystem on the other. In more managerial and organizational terms, Information Systems (IS), their processes and their tools will help speed up the creation of value and optimize and trace the dissemination of this value. This research is based on a theoretical and empirical basis. It is based on a part of the theoretical corpus of the management of information systems linked to the problem of knowledge (Dudezert, 2013) and its construction, integrity and evaluation (Biot-Paquerot, 2013, Bidan and Godé, 2017) and then on a participatory observation approach within various entities in the phase of co-construction of knowledge through business and innovation ecosystems (Oruezabala, 2017) - EdF, Région Auvergne -Rhône-Alpes, Bee Live, etc. - and "client-pilot" approaches. This qualitative approach has enabled us to highlight results that show a great diversity of field approaches and the originality of tools such as pilots, lead users and cartographers.

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This thesis proposes design, authoring and evaluation methodologies to address the issues faced by an enterprise when developing a large-scale industrial strength hypermedia application, for use in a manufacturing environment. The design methodology satisfies the requirements found in the industrial environment in a holistic approach. That is, the methodology takes into account the information structures, the constraints that exist within the industrial environment, and the background of the people who will have to implement the hypermedia application. The size and complexity of an industrial environment aggravates the problems found in general hypermedia authoring, especially in the areas of scalability, re-use and cognitive overload to the author. Hence, an authoring methodology is present, which addresses these issues. The design and authoring methodologies are evaluated against an independent set of criteria. The results show, even after sensitivity analysis, that when compared against other methodologies, the methodologies presented in this thesis are the ones better suited to meet the requirements of an industrial application. The design and authoring methodologies have been used to produce an industrial hypermedia application. The application communicated with existing information systems, factory floor equipment and the management network. The application has been used to evaluate the usability of the system within the factory environment. A cost effective user evaluation methodology was developed. Not only did it allow potential problems to be identified early in the project, but it also encouraged ownership of the project from the managers, maintainers and factory-floor operators. The user evaluation showed that, compared to an existing paper based system, the user preferred the hypermedia system and that they found the hypermedia application quicker and easier to use. While the majority of problems to be overcome, when introducing industrial strength hypermedia, are technical, some of the most difficult issues relate to the inertia of the management culture within the organisation. Hence, the strategic benefits and considerations when introducing hypermedia application into an organisation are discussed. In addition a model for estimating the effort to produce an industrial hypermedia application, has been developed.

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