Denna rapport innefattar en genomgång av den nya 802.11ax (WIFI6)-standarden med djupdykning och förklaringar på de nya funktionerna BSS Coloring, Target Wake Time och OFDMA med flera. Frågeställningen som presenteras är om det är en bra investering av små företag och hem-användareatt uppgradera sin utrustning till WIFI 6 kompatibel sådan.Efter genomgång av protokollet och de nya funktionerna så rekommenderas inte detta medmotiveringen att tekniken är för ny och antal enheter som mobil och laptops med standarden är iskrivande stund inte så många och de som finns kan kosta mycket att köpa och byta ut.Det görs även en undersökning av Medlefors Folkhögskola och där så upptäcks att kanalplaneringenär bristfällig och att det finns accesspunkter från två tillverkare som sänder samtidigt i lokalerna. Därför ges det ett förslag på uppgradering av samtliga enheter till WIFI 6-kompatibel sådan. Utrustningen som föreslås är av märket Ubiquiti och samtliga enheter föreslås att bytas ut.Slutligen diskuteras summeringen med att ytterligare tester på större nätverk måste göras för attfullt ut se att det som låter så bra i teorin också ska fungera vid skarp implementation på stora arenorfullsatt med folk, vilket framtiden får utvisa.

<p>The growing demand for faster, more reliable wireless connectivity has brought about the development of the 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6/6E) amendment, which aims to satisfy the increasing need for seamless wireless connectivity and improved traffic handling. The 802.11ax amendment introduces noteworthy improvements to the 802.11 wireless standard that should greatly improve the efficiency of wireless networks. The body of existing research has seen several simulated 802.11ax environments and found great success, however, these additions remain largely untested in physical environments. This thesis undertakes the testing for 802.11ax MU-MIMO to determine if these simulated successes translate into real-world improvements. By using a classroom scenario, the study investigates the performance improvements purported by 802.11ax, specifically the updated and expanded DL and UL MU-MIMO in an environment with high client numbers and density. </p>

We are in the midst of a major paradigm shift in how we manage the radio spectrum. This paradigm shift in spectrum management from exclusive access to shared access is necessitated by the growth of wireless services and the demand pressure imposed on limited spectrum resources under legacy management regimes. The primary constraint in any spectrum sharing regime is that the incumbent users (IUs) of the spectrum need to be protected from harmful interference caused due to transmissions from secondary users (SUs). Unfortunately, legacy techniques rely on inadequately flexible and overly conservative methods for prescribing interference protection that result in inefficient utilization of the shared spectrum. In this dissertation, we first propose an analytical approach for characterizing the aggregate interference experienced by the IU when it shares the spectrum with multiple SUs. Proper characterization of aggregate interference helps in defining incumbent protection boundaries, a.k.a. Exclusion Zones (EZs), that are neither overly aggressive to endanger the IU protection requirement, nor overly conservative to limit spectrum utilization efficiency. In particular, our proposed approach addresses the two main limitations of existing methods that use terrain based propagation models for estimating the aggregate interference. First, terrain-based propagation models are computationally intensive and data-hungry making them unsuitable for large real-time spectrum sharing applications such as the spectrum access system (SAS). Second, terrain based propagation models require accurate geo-locations of SUs which might not always be available, such as when SUs are mobile, or when their locations are obfuscated for location privacy concerns. Our second contribution in this dissertation is the novel concept of Multi-tiered Incumbent Protection Zones (MIPZ) that can be used to prescribe interference protection to the IUs. Based on the aforementioned analytical tool for characterizing the aggregate interference, we facilitate a framework that can be used to replace the legacy notion of static and overly conservative EZs with multi-tiered dynamic EZs. MIPZ is fundamentally different from legacy EZs in that it dynamically adjusts the IU's protection boundary based on the radio environment, network dynamics, and the IU interference protection requirement. Our extensive simulation results show that MIPZ can be used to improve the overall spectrum utilization while ensuring sufficient protection to the IUs. As our third contribution, we investigate the operational security (OPSEC) issue raised by the emergence of new spectrum access technologies and spectrum utilization paradigms. For instance, although the use of geolocation databases (GDB) is a practical approach for enabling efficient spectrum sharing, it raises a potentially serious OPSEC problem, especially when some of the IUs are federal government entities, including military users. We show that malicious queriers can readily infer the locations of the IUs even if the database's responses to the queries do not directly reveal such information. To address this issue, we propose a perturbation-based optimal obfuscation strategy that can be implemented by the GDB to preserve the location privacy of IUs. The proposed obfuscation strategy is optimal in the sense that it maximizes IUs' location privacy while ensuring that the expected degradation in the SUs' performance due to obfuscated responses does not exceed a threshold. In summary, this dissertation focuses on investigating techniques that improve the utilization efficiency of the shared spectrum while ensuring adequate protection to the IUs from SU induced interference as well as from potential OPSEC threats. We believe that this study facilitates the regulators and other stakeholders a better understanding of mechanisms that enable improved spectrum utilization efficiency and minimize the associated OPSEC threats, and hence, helps in wider adoption of dynamic spectrum sharing. / Ph. D.

As Industry 4.0 keeps approaching, the quality of data communication in industrial scenarios is increasingly important to support a high degree of automation and intelligence in factories. Wi-Fi 6E, the latest advanced wireless local-area network standard, comes with new 6 GHz unlicensed spectrum, a new access method named Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, and even more features. Accordingly, Wi-Fi 6E can be a promising candidate technology for an industrial wireless network. To fulfill industrial applications, Wi-Fi 6E is challenged with high communication requirements and a massive number of devices to support. Since the cutting-edge Wi- Fi 6E systems have not been widely deployed practically, simulations are required to evaluate the performance of Wi-Fi 6E in industrial scenarios. Based on an event-based simulator from Ericsson, we performed simulations covering not only single access point scenarios with periodic traffic, but also scenarios where multiple applications and generations of Wi-Fi systems coexist. Finally, a large-area industry scenario with frequency planning applied was evaluated. Through simulation results and analysis, we conclude that Wi-Fi 6E performs well in most of our tested scenarios. Compared to legacy Wi-Fi 5,Wi-Fi 6E performs better when subject to uplink traffic, and is more suitable for handling a massive number of devices or high packet rate traffic due to its unique multi-user accessing. However, Wi-Fi 6E can have poor performance when performing multi-user transmission with applications that have complex traffic and millisecond-level latency requirement. In some cases, Wi-Fi 6E performs worse than Wi-Fi 5 while handling multiple applications whose packet sizes vary a lot. Moreover, with the increase in factory scales, Wi-Fi 6E can have a magnificent performance drop, almost 100%, through the regulatory requirements in the new 6 GHz unlicensed band. / När Industri 4.0 fortsätter att närma sig blir datakommunikationens kvalitet i industriella scenarier allt viktigare för att stödja en hög grad av automatisering och intelligens i fabriker. Wi-Fi 6E, den senaste avancerade standarden för trådlöst lokalt nätverk, kommer med ett nytt 6 GHz olicensierat spektrum, en ny åtkomstmetod som heter Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access och ännu fler funktioner. Följaktligen kan Wi-Fi 6E vara en lovande kandidatteknik för ett industriellt trådlöst nätverk. För att uppfylla industriella applikationer utmanas Wi-Fi 6E med höga kommunikationskrav och ett stort antal enheter att stödja. Eftersom de banbrytande Wi-Fi 6E systemen inte har använts i stor utsträckning praktiskt taget, krävs simuleringar för att utvärdera prestandan för Wi-Fi 6E i industriella scenarier. Baserat på en händelsebaserad simulator från Ericsson utförde vi simuleringar som inte bara omfattar enstaka åtkomstpunktsscenarier med periodisk trafik, utan också scenarier där flera applikationer och generationer av Wi-Fi-system samexisterar. Slutligen utvärderades ett storindustriscenario med tillämpad frekvensplanering. Genom simuleringsresultat och analys drar vi slutsatsen att Wi-Fi 6E fungerar bra i de flesta av våra testade scenarier. Jämfört med äldre Wi-Fi 5, fungerar Wi-Fi 6E bättre när den utsätts för upplänkstrafik och är mer lämpad för att hantera ett stort antal enheter eller hög pakettrafik på grund av dess unika åtkomst för flera användare. Wi-Fi 6E kan dock ha dålig prestanda vid överföring av fleranvändare med applikationer som har komplex trafik och krav på latens på millisekundnivå. I vissa fall fungerar Wi-Fi 6E sämre än Wi-Fi 5 när hanterar flera applikationer vars paketstorlekar varierar mycket. Med ökningen av fabriksskalor kan Wi-Fi 6E dessutom ha en fantastisk prestandaförlust, nästan 100%, genom lagkraven för det nya 6 GHz-bandet utan licens.

Malgré leur réussite remarquable, les premières versions des normes de réseaux locaux sans fil IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802. 11 a/b/g WLAN, sont caractérisées par une efficacité spectrale faible qui est devenue insuffisante pour satisfaire la croissance explosive de la demande de capacité et de couverture. Grâce aux progrès considérables dans le domaine des communications sans fil et l'utilisation de la bande de fréquence autour de 5 gigahertz le standard IEEE 802.11n et plus récemment 1'IEEE 802.11ac ont amélioré les débits offerts par la couche physique. Cela été possible grâce principalement à l'introduction des techniques multi-antennaires (MIMO, pour Multiple-Input) et des techniques avancées de modulation et de codage. Aujourd'hui, deux décennies après sa première apparition, le Wi-Fi est présenté comme une technologie WLAN permettant des débits supérieurs à 1 gigabit par seconde. Cependant, dans la plupart des scénarios de déploiement du monde réel, il n'est pas possible d'atteindre la pleine capacité offerte par la couche physique. Avec la croissance rapide de la densité des déploiements des WLANs et l'énorme popularité des équipements Wi-Fi, la réutilisation spatiale doit être optimisée. D'autre part, des nouveaux cas d’utilisation sont prévus pour décharger les réseaux cellulaires et pour couvrir des grandes surfaces (stades, gares, etc.). Ces environnements de haute densité représentent un vrai défi pour les générations actuelles de Wi-Fi qui doivent offrir une meilleure qualité à moindre coût. C'est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit l'objectif de cette thèse qui porte sur l'amélioration de l'efficacité des protocoles de la couche MAC des réseaux WLAN de haute densité. Notamment, un des buts de cette thèse est de contribuer à la préparation de la prochaine génération du standard Wi-Fi : IEEE 802.11ax High Efficiency WLAN (HEW). Plutôt que de continuer à cibler l'augmentation des débits maximums théoriques, nous nous concentrons dans le contexte de HEW sur l'amélioration du débit réel des utilisateurs. Pour cela, on prend en compte tous les autres équipements associés à des WLANs voisins, qui essayent d'accéder au même canal de transmission d’une manière simultanée. Pour améliorer la performance du Wi-Fi dans ces environnements denses, nous proposons une adaptation dynamique du mécanisme de détection de signal. Comparé au contrôle de la puissance de transmission, le mécanisme proposé est plus incitatif parce que l'utilisateur concerné bénéficie directement de son application. Les résultats de nos simulations montrent des gains importants en termes de débit atteint dans les scénarios de haute densité. Ensuite, nous étudions l’impact de la nouvelle adaptation sur les mécanismes de sélection de débit actuellement utilisés. D'après les résultats obtenus, 1'adaptation proposée peut être appliquée sans avoir besoin de modifications substantielles des algorithmes de sélection de débit. Pour améliorer l'équité entre les différents utilisateurs, nous élaborons une nouvelle approche distribuée pour adapter conjointement le mécanisme de détection de signal et le contrôle de la puissance de transmission. Cette approche est évaluée ensuite dans différents scénarios de simulation de haute densité où elle prouve sa capacité à résoudre les problèmes d'équité en particulier en présence de nœuds d'anciennes générations dans le réseau, cela tout en améliorant le débit moyen d'un facteur 4 par rapport à la performance conventionnelle du standard. Enfin, nous concevons et mettons en œuvre une solution centralisée basée sur l'apprentissage à base de réseaux de neurones. Cette approche repose sur l'adaptation conjointe de puissance de transmission et du mécanisme de détection du signal. [...] / Despite their remarkable success, the first widely spread versions of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard, IEEE 802. 11 a/b/g, featured low spectral efficiencies that are becoming insufficient to satisfy the explosive growth in capacity and coverage demands. Thanks to the advances in the communication theory and the use of the 5 GHz frequency band, the IEEE 802.11n and recently the IEEE 802.1lac amendments improved the Physical Layer (PHY) data rates by introducing Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques, higher Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), etc. Today, after almost two decades of its first appearance, Wi-Fi is presented as a gigabit wireless technology. However, the full potential of the latest PHY layer advances cannot be enabled in all real world deployment scenarios. With the rapidly increasing density of WLAN deployments and the huge popularity of Wi-Fi enabled devices, spatial reuse must be optimized. On another hand, the new challenging use case environments and the integration of mobile networks mainly for cellular offloading are limiting the opportunity of the current Wi-Fi generations to provide better quality at lower cost.In this thesis, we contribute to the current standardization efforts aiming to leverage the Wi-Fi efficiency in high density environments. At the time of writing this document, the IEEE 802.11ax Task Group (TG) is developing the specification for the High Efficiency WLAN (HEW) standard (next Wi-Fi evolution). Rather than continuing to target increased theoretical peak throughputs, we focus in the context of HEW on improving the throughput experienced by users in real life conditions where many other devices, belonging to neighboring overlapping networks, simultaneously contend to gain access. To enhance this performance, we propose a dynamic adaptation of the carrier sensing mechanism. Compare to controlling the transmission power, the proposed mechanism has more incentives because it benefits directly the concerned user. Extensive simulation results show impor1ant throughput gains in dense scenarios. Then, we study the impact of the new adaptation on the current rate control algorithms. We find that our adaptation mechanism operates efficiently without substantially modifying these algorithms that are widely used in today's operating WLANs. Furthermore, after analyzing the fairness performance of the proposed adaptation, we devise a new approach to jointly adapt the carrier sensing and the transmission power in order to preserve higher fairness degrees while improving the spatial reuse. This approach is evaluated in different dense deployment scenarios where it proves its capability to resolve the unfairness issues especially in the presence of legacy nodes in the network, while improving the achieved throughput by 4 times compared to the standard performance. Finally, we design and implement centralized learning-based solution that uses also an approach based on joint adaptation of transmission power and carrier sensing. This new solution takes benefit from the capability of artificial neural networks to model complex nonlinear functions to optimize the spatial reuse in dense WLANs while preserving fairness among contending nodes. The different contributions of this work have helped bring efficient solutions for future WiFi networks. We have presented these solutions to the IEEE 802.11ax TG where they were identified as important potential technical improvements for the next WLAN standard.