Text in Afrikaans / Met die nagaan van die kindverwysing in die poesie van Petra Mulller, blyk dit duidelik dat die verwysings deurgaans literer funksioneel is. Die digteres slaag daarin om die leser se buitekennis van die kind se lewensfeer te ontgin. Die gevolg is die bewusmaking van die vergelyking tussen kind en volwassene as literere gestaltes. Daaruit vloei die besef van die kunstenaar se werk as poging om die wereld te orden en te beskou deur die oe van die onbedorwe kind. Saam met die vele gedigte waar die ontginning van die kindverwysing bloot 'n verfraaiing van die inhoud as gevolg het, word dit as leimotief in Mulller se werk hoogs funksioneel. Die kindverwysing as tegniek word ook herinnering aan die aard van kunstenaarskap soos deur Miuller toegepas. Petra Mulller se oeuvre kan nie los gemaak word van die kindverwysing en die implikasies van die herhaalde gebruikmaking daarvan nie. / When looking at child references in the poetry of Petra Muller, it is obvious that they are literary functional at all times. The poet, as artist, manages to tap the readers' outside knowledge of the child's sphere of life. The result is the foregrounding of the comparison between child and adult resulting in the realisation of the artist's work as an effort to reshape his world by looking at it through the eyes of the unspoilt child. Together with the many poems where child references act mainly as a way of presenting such poems as enjoyable as possible, it becomes extremely functional as a leitmotif. The child reference as used by Muller as poetic technique also becomes reminder to the reader of what art is all about. Petra Muller's poems can not be read separately from the child reference and all it's implications. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Text in Afrikaans / Spanning tussen stad en platteland is 'n belangrike tema in die oeuvre van S.J. Pretorius. In sy digkuns vergestalt hy en kom die ontwortelde, oorwegend landelike Afrikaanssprekende na die depressie en oorlogsjare aan die woord. Voortdurend word beelde van die "heerlike, gesonde" platteland gevolg deur beelde van die "bedrukkende" stad met al sy sleur en ellendes en die negatiewe uitwerking wat dit op sy inwoners het. As gevolg van die skrille kontraste groei die spanning in intensiteit. Sedert 1953 vind daar 'n mate van houdingsverandering plaas by die sprekers in Pretorius se poesie. Die digter aanvaar in die periode die stad as deel van die Afrikaner se aardse bestel en ontdek die landelike in die stad. vanaf 1963 word nie meer op nostalgiese wyse ge1dealiseer nie, maar word dit gemeld om aan te toon dat die Christelike heilsboodskap hol klink midde die ellende wat in die stad heers. / The tension that exists between country and city is a characteristic theme of the poetry of S.J. Pretorius. In particular, he deals with the "physical-concrete" destiny of the Afrikaans speaking people of the platteland in the city, Johannesburg. Images of a "beautiful and healthy" countryside are contrasted with the "dejected" city, full of tedium and misery. The negative portrayal of the latter serves to heighten the tension between the two. The year 1953 marks a slight change in attitude. From then on the poet accepts the city as part of the Afrikaner identity and strives to find the country within the city. The former is no longer idealized in a nostalgic way. Instead, the poet exposes the hollowness of the Christian promise of salvation in the face of urban poverty and tribulation. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Text in Afrikaans / Met die nagaan van die kindverwysing in die poesie van Petra Mulller, blyk dit duidelik dat die verwysings deurgaans literer funksioneel is. Die digteres slaag daarin om die leser se buitekennis van die kind se lewensfeer te ontgin. Die gevolg is die bewusmaking van die vergelyking tussen kind en volwassene as literere gestaltes. Daaruit vloei die besef van die kunstenaar se werk as poging om die wereld te orden en te beskou deur die oe van die onbedorwe kind. Saam met die vele gedigte waar die ontginning van die kindverwysing bloot 'n verfraaiing van die inhoud as gevolg het, word dit as leimotief in Mulller se werk hoogs funksioneel. Die kindverwysing as tegniek word ook herinnering aan die aard van kunstenaarskap soos deur Miuller toegepas. Petra Mulller se oeuvre kan nie los gemaak word van die kindverwysing en die implikasies van die herhaalde gebruikmaking daarvan nie. / When looking at child references in the poetry of Petra Muller, it is obvious that they are literary functional at all times. The poet, as artist, manages to tap the readers' outside knowledge of the child's sphere of life. The result is the foregrounding of the comparison between child and adult resulting in the realisation of the artist's work as an effort to reshape his world by looking at it through the eyes of the unspoilt child. Together with the many poems where child references act mainly as a way of presenting such poems as enjoyable as possible, it becomes extremely functional as a leitmotif. The child reference as used by Muller as poetic technique also becomes reminder to the reader of what art is all about. Petra Muller's poems can not be read separately from the child reference and all it's implications. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Text in Afrikaans / Spanning tussen stad en platteland is 'n belangrike tema in die oeuvre van S.J. Pretorius. In sy digkuns vergestalt hy en kom die ontwortelde, oorwegend landelike Afrikaanssprekende na die depressie en oorlogsjare aan die woord. Voortdurend word beelde van die "heerlike, gesonde" platteland gevolg deur beelde van die "bedrukkende" stad met al sy sleur en ellendes en die negatiewe uitwerking wat dit op sy inwoners het. As gevolg van die skrille kontraste groei die spanning in intensiteit. Sedert 1953 vind daar 'n mate van houdingsverandering plaas by die sprekers in Pretorius se poesie. Die digter aanvaar in die periode die stad as deel van die Afrikaner se aardse bestel en ontdek die landelike in die stad. vanaf 1963 word nie meer op nostalgiese wyse ge1dealiseer nie, maar word dit gemeld om aan te toon dat die Christelike heilsboodskap hol klink midde die ellende wat in die stad heers. / The tension that exists between country and city is a characteristic theme of the poetry of S.J. Pretorius. In particular, he deals with the "physical-concrete" destiny of the Afrikaans speaking people of the platteland in the city, Johannesburg. Images of a "beautiful and healthy" countryside are contrasted with the "dejected" city, full of tedium and misery. The negative portrayal of the latter serves to heighten the tension between the two. The year 1953 marks a slight change in attitude. From then on the poet accepts the city as part of the Afrikaner identity and strives to find the country within the city. The former is no longer idealized in a nostalgic way. Instead, the poet exposes the hollowness of the Christian promise of salvation in the face of urban poverty and tribulation. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

Since earliest times death has been an important and always actual theme in the arts. The point of departure of this thesis is to examine the portrayal of the ”discourse of and about death” in the poems of three women poets, namely Elisabeth Eybers, Olga Kirsch and Eveleen Castelyn. Various aspects of death thematics are considered and, from a formal perspective, the presence and absence of traditional forms concerning death, such as the ”obituary poem”, the ”elegy”, the ”dirge” and the ”threnody” are investigated. The research plan and the development of the study are dealt with in chapter one. The problem formulation and theoretical approaches for this study are given special attention. In chapter two the death theme in literature throughout the centuries, and specifically in poetry, is relevant. Death thematics occurring in English, Dutch, Afrikaans, Chinese, American, Russian, German, French and Spanish literatures are examined. Philosophical and Christian viewpoints concerning death are also investigated. The portrayal of death in the poetry of Elisabeth Eybers is the topic in chapter three. Her oeuvre is devided into four periods. The collections from Belydenis in die skemering up to Rymdwang are only summarily referred to, since this section has already been dealt with in my MA dissertation (Schutte, 1988). The following six volumes are discussed in detail concerning her religious views and the portrayal of death by way of various subthemes and stances. Chapter four is dedicated to the poetry of Olga Kirsch and in chapter five to that of Eveleen Castelyn. In chapter six a comparison is drawn between the three poets regarding their shared death thematics, similarities and differences in their mode of betrayal and their views on the afterlife. During her oeuvre Eybers adopts an agnostic view, Kirsch embraces the Jewish faith and Castelyn holds a Christian point of view throughout her oeuvre. At the end of the study a summary and findings are given and the conclusion, that the three poets increasingly become preoccupied with death, is reached. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / (D. Litt. et Phil. Afrikaans))

Since earliest times death has been an important and always actual theme in the arts. The point of departure of this thesis is to examine the portrayal of the ”discourse of and about death” in the poems of three women poets, namely Elisabeth Eybers, Olga Kirsch and Eveleen Castelyn. Various aspects of death thematics are considered and, from a formal perspective, the presence and absence of traditional forms concerning death, such as the ”obituary poem”, the ”elegy”, the ”dirge” and the ”threnody” are investigated. The research plan and the development of the study are dealt with in chapter one. The problem formulation and theoretical approaches for this study are given special attention. In chapter two the death theme in literature throughout the centuries, and specifically in poetry, is relevant. Death thematics occurring in English, Dutch, Afrikaans, Chinese, American, Russian, German, French and Spanish literatures are examined. Philosophical and Christian viewpoints concerning death are also investigated. The portrayal of death in the poetry of Elisabeth Eybers is the topic in chapter three. Her oeuvre is devided into four periods. The collections from Belydenis in die skemering up to Rymdwang are only summarily referred to, since this section has already been dealt with in my MA dissertation (Schutte, 1988). The following six volumes are discussed in detail concerning her religious views and the portrayal of death by way of various subthemes and stances. Chapter four is dedicated to the poetry of Olga Kirsch and in chapter five to that of Eveleen Castelyn. In chapter six a comparison is drawn between the three poets regarding their shared death thematics, similarities and differences in their mode of betrayal and their views on the afterlife. During her oeuvre Eybers adopts an agnostic view, Kirsch embraces the Jewish faith and Castelyn holds a Christian point of view throughout her oeuvre. At the end of the study a summary and findings are given and the conclusion, that the three poets increasingly become preoccupied with death, is reached. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / (D. Litt. et Phil. Afrikaans))

This study examines the relationship between the metaphor in the title and the content of T.T. Cloete’s Volume of Poetry titled Met die aarde praat. It will be demonstrated that the volume title as global metaphor is an integral part of the textual element of the text, that it also fulfills a hermeneutical function in respect to the text in that it offers clues and insights into reading and understanding of the poems or volume contents. In light of the aforementioned metaphor theory is investigated on three levels: on a cognitive or conceptual level, on a linguistic/textual level and on a communicative level. The titles and mottos of the eight sections frame the sections as well as refer to themes and provide clues to reading and understanding the individual poems or volume contents. Section titles are framed by the volume title and often interact with the volume title as global metaphor and together. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie navorsingsverslag word die omgewingsgerigte poësie van Johann Lodewyk Marais ondersoek. Marais se verskuns word onder meer as “groen”, “omgewingsgerig”, “ekopoëties”, “bioregionaal” en “biogeografies” beskryf en kritici is dit eens dat sy oeuvre ‘n sterk bewaringsingesteldheid vertoon. Marais se eiesoortige bydrae tot die bewaringsdiskoers (deur sowel sy verse as kritiese uitsprake) word hier geëvalueer aan die hand van sekere sleutelkonsepte uit die museum- en bewaringswetenskap wat telkens as metafore in sy poësie figureer: taksonomie, taksidermie en diorama. Saamgelees met Halloran se idee van die teks as argivale ruimte of museum, word hierdie konsepte (naamlik taksonomie, taksidermie en diorama) voorgehou as ‘n leesstrategie waarmee die bewaringsgesinde poësie van Marais gedekodeer kan word. / This research report focuses on the environmental poetry of Johann Lodewyk Marais. His poetry has been described as “green”, “environmental”, “ecopoetical”, “bioregional” and “biogeographical” and critics agree that the oeuvre displays a strong element of conservation and even preservation. Marais’s unique contribution towards this discourse of conservation is assessed by utilising certain key concepts from museology, which frequently manifests in his poetry as metaphors: taxonomy, taxidermy and diorama. Halloran’s notion of the text as archival space or museum, read in tandem with these concepts of taxonomy, taxidermy and diorama, is then presented as a reading strategy for decoding Marais’s poetry. / Afrikaans & Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)

This study examines the relationship between the metaphor in the title and the content of T.T. Cloete’s Volume of Poetry titled Met die aarde praat. It will be demonstrated that the volume title as global metaphor is an integral part of the textual element of the text, that it also fulfills a hermeneutical function in respect to the text in that it offers clues and insights into reading and understanding of the poems or volume contents. In light of the aforementioned metaphor theory is investigated on three levels: on a cognitive or conceptual level, on a linguistic/textual level and on a communicative level. The titles and mottos of the eight sections frame the sections as well as refer to themes and provide clues to reading and understanding the individual poems or volume contents. Section titles are framed by the volume title and often interact with the volume title as global metaphor and together. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie navorsingsverslag word die omgewingsgerigte poësie van Johann Lodewyk Marais ondersoek. Marais se verskuns word onder meer as “groen”, “omgewingsgerig”, “ekopoëties”, “bioregionaal” en “biogeografies” beskryf en kritici is dit eens dat sy oeuvre ‘n sterk bewaringsingesteldheid vertoon. Marais se eiesoortige bydrae tot die bewaringsdiskoers (deur sowel sy verse as kritiese uitsprake) word hier geëvalueer aan die hand van sekere sleutelkonsepte uit die museum- en bewaringswetenskap wat telkens as metafore in sy poësie figureer: taksonomie, taksidermie en diorama. Saamgelees met Halloran se idee van die teks as argivale ruimte of museum, word hierdie konsepte (naamlik taksonomie, taksidermie en diorama) voorgehou as ‘n leesstrategie waarmee die bewaringsgesinde poësie van Marais gedekodeer kan word. / This research report focuses on the environmental poetry of Johann Lodewyk Marais. His poetry has been described as “green”, “environmental”, “ecopoetical”, “bioregional” and “biogeographical” and critics agree that the oeuvre displays a strong element of conservation and even preservation. Marais’s unique contribution towards this discourse of conservation is assessed by utilising certain key concepts from museology, which frequently manifests in his poetry as metaphors: taxonomy, taxidermy and diorama. Halloran’s notion of the text as archival space or museum, read in tandem with these concepts of taxonomy, taxidermy and diorama, is then presented as a reading strategy for decoding Marais’s poetry. / Afrikaans and Theory of Literature / M.A. (Afrikaans)