Hannover, Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

從品牌及顧客觀點看85度C在上海的發展 / 85°C Bakery Café’s successful story has been described as a miracle in Taiwan’s economy. “5 star quality at affordable price” is the slogan firstly revealed to the public in the industry and it is indeed attractive. In merely 5 years since the first store was established in July 2004, 85°C is now the largest coffee chain stores in Taiwan with 420 stores worldwide, covering Taiwan, Australia, China and USA. This case study is to research on its development in Taiwan and the expansion in China, which was considered the biggest opportunity and major source of profits of the company. The concept of “bakery café” is a convergence of coffee shop, bubble tea house and bakery for bread and cake. This business model does help eliminate unnecessary waste of materials and “fast-moving, short life-cycle” finished goods – mainly bread and cake; it minimizes the costs of materials and operations to realize profits. After 2 years in China, 85°C made another successful story. As of the end of 2009, 85°C has nearly 90 stores in China, mostly in Shanghai area. Its first store in China was set up in Shanghai by November 2007; I happened to be relocated in Shanghai since then and had the chance to see how it grew in such a highly competitive market. This study also presents the results of the street surveys performed in October and November 2009, with an attempt to understand the reasons behind the success. Based on the demographic profiles of 68 participants from the streets and my observation, it is clear that “5 star quality at affordable price” and “originated from Taiwan that beat Starbucks” strategy works perfectly fine in Shanghai even though the analysis demonstrated that 85°C and Starbucks are actually in different market segments. However, 85°C does create a niche market of profitability through the convergence of café and bakery.

We consider the efficiency implications of policies to reduce global carbon emissions in a world with pre-existing tax distortions. We first show that the weak double dividend, the proposition that the welfare improvement from a tax reform where environme ntal taxes are used to lower distorting taxes must be greater than the welfare improvement from a reform where the environmental taxes are returned in a lump sum fashion, need not hold in a world with multiple distortions. A small analytic general equilib rium model is constructed to demonstrate this result. We then present a large-scale computable general equilibrium model of the world economy with distortionary taxation. We use this model to evaluate a number of policies to reduce carbon emissions. We find that the weak double dividend is not obtained in a number of European countries. Results also demonstrate the point that the interplay between carbon policies and pre-existing taxes can differ markedly across countries. Thus one must be cautious in extrapolating the results from a country specific analysis to other countries. / Abstract in HTML and technical report in PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change Website. (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/) / Includes bibliographical references (p. 17-18).

John D. Sterman, Dennis Meadows. / Two folded leaves of game materials. August 1984. / Bibliography: p.17.

by Richard Schmalensee. / Bibliography: p. 37-39.

Robert B. McKersie.

by Gabriel R. Bitran and Li Chang. / Bibliography: p.31.

by John H. Roberts and Glen L. Urban. / "The Marketing Center." / Bibliography: p.41-44.

by John R. Hauser and Glen L. Urban. / "The Marketing Center." Sponsored by a grant from General Motors (Buick Motors Division). / Bibliography: p.R1-2.

Arnoldo C. Hax. / Bibliography: p.18.