This thesis aims to examine the extent of consistency between Cicero’s epistemological position in Academica and his method of approaching ethics in De Finibus. I consider whether in both works he expresses a radically sceptical view or a more moderate one. I suggest that Cicero’s scepticism is best understood when we understand his dialectical inquiry as being, in both works, a positive procedure designed to find the most persuasive view by arguing for and against every opinion. In Chapter 1, I examine Cicero’s mode of writing in his later philosophical dialogues, distinguishing two levels of ‘Cicero’ (that is, Cicero the author and the persona in the dialogues). In Chapter 2, I examine how Cicero himself understands the key principles of scepticism (akatalēpsia and epochē) and whether his epistemological position in Academica is a consistent one. Chapters 3 and 4 form a bridge between the epistemological debate in Academica and the ethical debate in De Finibus by examining in detail two applications by Cicero of Carneades’ ethical division. In Chapter 3, I discuss the original philosophical context of Carneades’ division, and consider how Cicero applies it to the epistemological debate at Ac. 2.129-41. In Chapter 4, I discuss Cicero’s application of this division to ethical debate at Fin. 2.34-44 with reference to Cicero’s criticism of Epicurean ethics. Chapter 5 and 6 are concerned with Cicero’s attitude towards two competing (and more plausible) ethical theories, that is, the Stoic and Antiochean theories. By playing two roles (i.e. as the persona taking one side of the debate in each dialogue and as the author distancing himself from both of them), Cicero writes in a way that is consistent with his (moderate) Academic scepticism. He aims not only to free his readers from their dogmatic obstinacy, but also to help them to find out for themselves the most persuasive view on each philosophical issue.

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This thesis offers a new interpretation of the literary techniques of the Noctes Atticae, a second-century Latin miscellaneous work by Aulus Gellius, with new readings of various passages. It takes as its main subject the various ways in which Gellius narrates and otherwise represents mental and intellectual activity. It proposes a typology for these representations in Chapter One, the Introduction. Chapter Two examines the \dialogic" scenes, which relate the conversations of characters, in the context of the history of dialogic writing. It argues that Gellius's unique approach to relating conversation, besides revealing speci c concerns about each stage of ancient education, encourages readers to develop strategies for imagining and reconstructing the intellectual character and lifestyle that lie behind an individual's speech | in short, to see every instance of conversation as a glimpse at others' mental quality. Chapter Three of the thesis examines Gellius's narrative accounts of his own reading experiences, a body of ancient evidence unparalleled in both substance and detail. Focusing on his depictions of reading Pliny the Elder, it shows the way Gellius, in the traditionally public contexts of ancient reading, seeks to invent a performative space in the privacy of the reader's mind. Chapter Four explores Gellius's essays and notes which, despite lacking clear narrative frameworks, nonetheless share common themes with the rest of the Noctes, and can be understood as representations of the mental activity and standards that Gellius associates with his contemporaries' relationship to the past. The Conclusion points the way for further applications of the thesis's conclusions in Imperial intellectual culture and beyond. This thesis suggests a new approach for examining depictions of the acquisition, evaluation and use of knowledge in the Imperial period, and contributes to the ongoing scholarly discussion about the reading of miscellaneous literature.

Chapter 1 investigates the metaphor of the text as a body. It is split into sections devoted to the structural analogy between a work and a body (1.2); the application to literary style of corporeal properties such as fatness or thinness, blood and muscles, and gender (1.3.1-3); the metaphor of stylistic features as clothes or other adornments (1.4); the opposite image, of a body as a work of literature (1.5); and the reasons for this imagery.

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L'hypothèse de cette recherche est qu'une amitié privée et subjective (APS) existe nécessairement dans toute société puisqu'elle fait partie de l'homme de façon inhérente, un être essentiellement social, communicatif et affectif. Notre tâche consistait à découvrir ses signes linguistiques et ses marques pratiques chez Cicéron. Cette étude a porté les conclusions suivantes: linguistiquement, il n'existe pas de terme qui indique un rapport du genre APS chez Cicéron. Dans la philosophie, l'examen des thèmes principaux qui sous-tendent le concept de l'amitié indique que l'amicitia cicéronienne est déterminée par les conceptions sociales et éthiques de la Stoa. Par ailleurs, elle est entièrement ancrée dans la zone publique. Quant à la notion de l'amitié et ses mots corolaires, nous démontrons que l'expression de l''amicitia' est absolument socio-politique.En revanche, la pauvreté linguistique est contrecarrée par la richesse des indications des pratiques de l'APS. Le mot 'privatus' ne renvoie pas chez Cicéron à l'idée du 'privé' telle que nous l'avons déterminée. Au sens figuré, une sphère privée est crée par des moyens d'exclusion dans la correspondance, où l'on note également l'existence d'une communication intersubjective, notamment avec Atticus. Contrairement à la théorie des 'quatre personae', relativement pauvre en matière d'individualité et de subjectivité profonde, le lien avec cet ami est spécial, rempli des marques ostensibles d'intersubjectivité: la connaissance corporelle et spirituelle de l'autre en tant que sujet unique, l'affection intense et le soutient loyal à son égard en tant que tel. / The hypothesis of this research is that a private and subjective friendship (PSF in English, APS in French) necessarily exists in any society since it constitutes an inherent part of any individual qua a socio-affective and communicative being. The principal task of this research was to discover its linguistic signs and manifestations of its practices in Cicero. The conclusions of the study concerning the capital questions mentioned are the following: linguistically, there is no term which indicates a PSF relationship in Cicero. In his philosophy, the examination of the principal terms fundamental for the concept of 'friendship', indicates that Ciceronian 'amicitia' is determined by social and ethical conceptions of the Stoa. In addition, it is entirely ancored in the public sphere. In regards to the 'notion of friendship' and its corollary words, the expression 'amicitia' seems to be absolutely socio-politica.On the other hand, the linguistic pauverty is counterbalanced by the richness of indications affirming the existence of practices of PSF. The word 'privatus' in Cicero does not evoke the idea of the 'private sphere' as we had determined it. In a figurative sense, a private zone is created by means of exclusion in the correspondance, where one observes the existence of an intersubjective communication, notable with Atticus. Contrary to the theory of the 'four personae', which signals a relatively poor individual and subjective conception, the actual rapport with this particular friend is special, full of indications prooving intersubjectivity: corporal and spiritual recognition of the other as a unique subject, intense mutual affection and loyal support.

黃坤堯. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學硏究院. / MS. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 258-268). / Huang Kunyao. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue yan jiu yuan. / Chapter 上篇 --- 溫庭筠研究 / Chapter 一 --- 溫庭筠傳略 / Chapter 1 --- 早年生活 --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- 旅食京華 --- p.21 / Chapter 3 --- 江南鄉居 --- p.4 / Chapter 4 --- 重遊長安 --- p.48 / Chapter 5 --- 西川行迹 --- p.62 / Chapter 6 --- 科場疑案 --- p.70 / Chapter 7 --- 襄、荊遊宦 --- p.84 / Chapter 8 --- 國子助教 --- p.103 / Chapter 二 --- 性情與志行 --- p.118 / Chapter 三 --- 著作考 --- p.130 / Chapter 下篇 --- 溫詞研究 / Chapter 一 --- 論詞體之成立 --- p.143 / Chapter 二 --- 溫詞之創作背景 --- p.153 / Chapter 三 --- 溫詞之內涵研究 / Chapter 1 --- 論主題 --- p.160 / Chapter 2 --- 論寄託 --- p.172 / Chapter 3 --- 論情志 --- p.184 / Chapter 四 --- 溫詞之表現技巧研究 / Chapter 1 --- 論意象 --- p.193 / Chapter 2 --- 論字句 --- p.207 / Chapter 3 --- 論結構 --- p.217 / Chapter 五 --- 溫詞之聲律研究 --- p.225 / Chapter 六 --- 溫詞之批評研究 --- p.235 / Chapter 附錄 --- 主要參孜資料 --- p.258

Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / MS. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-322). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / 自序 --- p.1-3 / 本文綱要　 --- p.1-7 / Chapter 第一章 --- 溫飛卿的生平　 --- p.1-50 / Chapter 第二章 --- 溫飛的詩 --- p.51-134 / Chapter 第一節 --- 樂府古詩 / Chapter 一 --- 樂府樂行的源流　 --- p.51-155 / Chapter 二 --- 飛卿樂府的特色 --- p.55-75 / Chapter 三 --- 溯源 --- p.75-88 / Chapter 第二節 --- 近體詩 / Chapter 一 --- 近体的源流 --- p.89-97 / Chapter 二 --- 飛卿近体的特色 --- p.97-134 / Chapter 第三章 --- 溫飛卿的詞 --- p.153-252 / Chapter 第一節 --- 詞的興起興發展 --- p.135-151 / Chapter 第二節 --- 詞的特質 --- p.152-162 / Chapter 第三節 --- 論飛卿詞是否有寄托 --- p.162-203 / Chapter 第四節 --- 飛卿词的特色 --- p.204-236 / Chapter 第五節 --- 溫、韋词比較 --- p.237-252 / Chapter 第四章 --- 總评 --- p.253-264 / Chapter 第一節 --- 飛卿作品的風格　 --- p.253-257 / Chapter 第二節 --- 文學史上的地位　 --- p.258-264 / 附註 --- p.265-313 / 參考書目　 --- p.314-322