In dieser Arbeit werden zwei parametrische Aufgaben untersucht, Optimierungsprobleme und Variationsungleichungen. Beide Probleme werden unter der urspruenglich fuer einparametrische Optimierungsprobleme definierten Regularitaet im Sinne von Jongen, Jonker und Twilt betrachtet. Unter der oben genannten Regularitaet bezueglich Optimierungsproblemen werden zwei spezielle Einbettungen studiert. Ausgehend von der Kenntnis eines inneren Punktes des zulaessigen Bereiches eines Optimierungsproblems P wird eine Einbettung definiert, deren parametrische zulaessige Menge fuer t<1 in Inneren von P ist. Fuer t=0 ist die Loesung trivial und fuer t=1 wird das Problem P erzeugt. Die Erreichbarkeit des Parameterwertes t=1 bei der Benutzung von Kurvenverfolgungsverfahren mit Spruengen wird eroertert. Durch die Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Richtungen in t, in denen ein Rueckkehrpunkt auftreten kann, wird bewiesen, dass die genannte Methode erfolgreich ist (bei erfolgreichen Spruengen). Fuer diese Einbettung wird die Voraussetzung der Regularitaet untersucht und ein Rechtfertigungssatz bewiesen. Durchgefuehrt wird ein kurzer Vergleich mit einer aehnlichen Homotopie in der Literatur. Fuer die zweite untersuchte Einbettung (eine Penalty-Einbettung aus der Literatur) wird ein Satz zur Rechtfertigung der Regularitaetsvoraussetzung bewiesen. Die Regularitaet im Sinne von Jongen, Jonker und Twilt wird fuer den Fall von Variationsungleichungen definiert und die 5 Typen neu beschrieben. Die Unterschiede zu den Typen bei Optimierungsproblemen ergeben sich aus der Tatsache, dass die Symmetrie der Hessematrix der Lagrangefunktion bezueglich x verloren geht. Das erfordert die sorfaeltige Umformulierung einiger Bedingungen. Auss erdem musste bei den Beweisen der lokalen Eigenschaften (geometrische Struktur, Aenderung der charakteristischen Groessen) diese neue Situation beruecksichtigt werden. Ebenfalls wird der generische Charakter dieser Regularitaet nachgewiesen. Aussagen ueber die Existenz verbindender Kurven zwischen t=0 und t=1 unter der Voraussetzung der Regularitaet werden angefuehrt. Die gesamte Betrachtung der genannten Regularitaet fuer einparametrische Variationsungleichungen und die daraus resultierenden Schluss folgerungen liefern einen nuetzlichen Beitrag zur Untersuchung von Variationsungleichungen. / We consider two types of one-parametric problems: optimization problems and variational inequalities. Both are studied in relationship with the regularity approach due to Jongen, Jonker and Twilt (JJT-regularity), which was defined initially only for one-parametric optimization problems. The properties of two special embeddings are analysed under the assumption of JJT-regularity. Given an optimization problem P, the first embedding analysed is defined with use of an interior point of the feasible set. It holds for this embedding, that the parametric feasible set for tglobal approach. Statements concerning the existence of solution curves connecting problems (for instance t=0 and t=1) under the defined regularity are studied in the last section. The consideration of JJT-regularity for the case of variational inequalities is a new and usefull aspect for the study of this problem.

Cette étude s’attache à l’observation et l’analyse des représentations de la peau humaine dans les textes latins des débuts de la littérature romaine (IIème s. av. J.-C.) à l’apogée de l’Empire romain (IIème s. apr. J.-C.). A la suite d’une recherche lexicale et sémantique approfondie sur le vocabulaire explicite de la peau, le thème de la peau est étudié à travers plusieurs champs disciplinaires permettant d’aborder les évocations implicites de la peau, son vocabulaire, ses images et ses significations. L’étude de la physiologie de la peau, appuyée sur l’héritage grec, permet d’en poser une définition chez les Romains, par sa nature, ses fonctions, ses transformations. Peu représentée à l’état normal et sain, la peau est soumise à de multiples violences et maux. L’analyse de la traumatologie de la peau, à travers les poèmes épiques, et de ses pathologies, évoquées dans le Traité de la médecine de Celse, donnent à voir une peau maltraitée, aux blessures fatales, mais d’une importance capitale dans le diagnostic clinique, permettant de jauger la santé – et surtout la maladie – du corps dans son ensemble. Les soins de la peau, thérapeutiques – pour la guérir, chez Celse –, cosmétiques ou commotiques – pour l’entretenir ou la masquer, chez Pline l’Ancien –, s’imposent à la peau, la malmènent eux aussi bien souvent. À côté de cette peau dégradée, coexiste la peau idéale de la poésie amoureuse, à voir et à toucher, entre esthétique et érotique. Enfin, la peau apparaît comme une interface qui transmet à la société romaine des signes selon des critères géographique, sociaux, biographiques, moraux et psychologiques. Elle signale l’appartenance de l’individu à un groupe et définit son identité dans ce groupe. / The aim of this thesis is to observe and analyse representations of human skin in Latin literature from the 2nd century B.C. to the 2nd century A.D. Starting with a detailed lexical and semantic study of the vocabulary pertaining to the skin, the notion of skin is examined in various fields, allowing us to address implicit allusions to skin along with the associated vocabulary, images and meanings. A physiological approach, based on anatomical knowledge inherited from Greek philosophers, brings us to a definition of normal skin in terms of its nature, functions and changes. Rarely represented in its normal, healthy state, skin is subject to assaults and ill health in various ways. Analysing skin trauma in epic poems and skin pathology, which is referred to in Celsus’ De Medicina, reveals a prevailing representation of damaged and even fatally wounded skin, this being of utmost importance in clinical diagnosis, a means of measuring the health - and particularly illness - of the body as a whole. Therapeutics and cosmetics, in Celsus’ texts, aim to heal whereas in Pliny’s Naturalis Historia, the aim is to care for and mask imperfections. These often cause as much harm to the skin as good. This damaged skin coexists with ideal skin, mainly in elegiac poetry, a skin meant to be seen and touched, from an aesthetical and erotic perspective. Finally, human skin in Roman society acts as an interface, indicating to which social group anindividual may belong as much as one’s identity within that group, according to ethnical, social, biographical, moral and psychological criteria.

This dissertation is an investigation into the secrets of the life and poetry of a major late Tang poet, Wen Tingyun (798-866?). Traditional Chinese literary criticism has subjected Wen to such misunderstanding that even many modern studies are not immune from agelong prejudices. This fact can be regarded, in a sense, as a continuation of the slanders Wen suffered in his lifetime, though it results from misconstruing Wen's poetry and ignoring the political implications of his life. A complete and careful restudy of Wen Tingyun the man and Wen Tingyun the poet is therefore a pressing academic necessity. By means of factual investigation and textual annotation, and with recourse to the mutual evidence of history and poetry, this study probes the political intricacies of the major events of Wen's lifetime and explores the artistic complexities of his "inexplicable" verses. The result is that it finds a series of hitherto uncovered facts, reveals the unreliability of Wen's official biographies and reconstructs a chronology of Wen's life. Meanwhile, in eliciting the biographical information via unraveling Wen's poetic puzzles, it reaches hold of the key to going in and out of Wen's artistic labyrinth and thus paves the way for a reevaluation of his poetry. With respect to Wen's life, this study consists of the following findings: Wen's birth year (798); Wen clan's marriages with the royal family and hostility with the eunuchs; Wen's marriage to a singer-prostitute (836); his secret attendance upon the Heir Apparent (837-8); his change of name in an effort to pass the civil service examinations (839-40); his numerous failures and final "success" in becoming a Presented Scholar (847-59); and his "cheating" (helping others) when sitting for the examinations. These findings spell out a new understanding of Wen's life that underlies his poetry. Drawn from Wen's poetry, they will unfold more secrets of his poetry and then lead to more discoveries of his life. Since Wen used his poetry as elaborate representation of himself, it is only natural that he wanted to express, rather than hide, his experiences, feelings and ambitions, however ambiguous they might be, because of the political pressure of the time. In this sense, to know Wen Tingyun the man is to understand Wen Tingyun the poet, and vice versa. In brief, Wen was deeply involved in the palace and court struggles of his time, especially at odds with the power-entrenched eunuchs. Some of the events he witnessed were too sinister to be recorded by histories, and his poems reflecting the truth too incomprehensible for causal readers, despite his efforts to put his secrets into them. These contradictory factors caused a long-lasting misunderstanding before he could be seen in his true light. Now it is high time Wen were rehabilitated.

This dissertation is an investigation into the secrets of the life and poetry of a major late Tang poet, Wen Tingyun (798-866?). Traditional Chinese literary criticism has subjected Wen to such misunderstanding that even many modern studies are not immune from agelong prejudices. This fact can be regarded, in a sense, as a continuation of the slanders Wen suffered in his lifetime, though it results from misconstruing Wen's poetry and ignoring the political implications of his life. A complete and careful restudy of Wen Tingyun the man and Wen Tingyun the poet is therefore a pressing academic necessity. By means of factual investigation and textual annotation, and with recourse to the mutual evidence of history and poetry, this study probes the political intricacies of the major events of Wen's lifetime and explores the artistic complexities of his "inexplicable" verses. The result is that it finds a series of hitherto uncovered facts, reveals the unreliability of Wen's official biographies and reconstructs a chronology of Wen's life. Meanwhile, in eliciting the biographical information via unraveling Wen's poetic puzzles, it reaches hold of the key to going in and out of Wen's artistic labyrinth and thus paves the way for a reevaluation of his poetry. With respect to Wen's life, this study consists of the following findings: Wen's birth year (798); Wen clan's marriages with the royal family and hostility with the eunuchs; Wen's marriage to a singer-prostitute (836); his secret attendance upon the Heir Apparent (837-8); his change of name in an effort to pass the civil service examinations (839-40); his numerous failures and final "success" in becoming a Presented Scholar (847-59); and his "cheating" (helping others) when sitting for the examinations. These findings spell out a new understanding of Wen's life that underlies his poetry. Drawn from Wen's poetry, they will unfold more secrets of his poetry and then lead to more discoveries of his life. Since Wen used his poetry as elaborate representation of himself, it is only natural that he wanted to express, rather than hide, his experiences, feelings and ambitions, however ambiguous they might be, because of the political pressure of the time. In this sense, to know Wen Tingyun the man is to understand Wen Tingyun the poet, and vice versa. In brief, Wen was deeply involved in the palace and court struggles of his time, especially at odds with the power-entrenched eunuchs. Some of the events he witnessed were too sinister to be recorded by histories, and his poems reflecting the truth too incomprehensible for causal readers, despite his efforts to put his secrets into them. These contradictory factors caused a long-lasting misunderstanding before he could be seen in his true light. Now it is high time Wen were rehabilitated. / Arts, Faculty of / Asian Studies, Department of / Graduate

After murdering Pelias, Ovid’s Medea boards her famous chariot driven by dragons in order to get to Corinth. She does not, however, take a direct route, but makes a detour around the Aegean Sea, which allows the narrator to present 17 metamorphoses as stations of her flight. Whereas the resulting catalogue is traditionally understood as a prime example of a praeteritio which resembles a number of myths that were otherwise leftover in the Metamorphoses, this paper argues that the route Medea takes and the stories she sees from above reflect her own thoughts at this stage of her character-development and above all prepare her fatal decision to kill her own children at the destination of her voyage in Corinth. This circuitous flight and the view from above related to it thus form essential parts of her own metaleptic transformation into the mythological Medea whom the reader in Ovid’s time already knew so well.

Im Bade werden sonst verdeckte körperliche Besonderheiten sichtbar, und körperliche Besonderheiten sind natürlich ein beliebtes Thema für Epigrammatiker und Satiriker.

This thesis explores the anxieties and opportunities that attend fame and posterity in the second sophistic and how they play out in both literary and monumental expressions of cultural production. I consider how elite provincials in the Roman empire, who are competitive, bi- or even tri-cultural, status-driven, often politically active, and engaged in cultural production, attempt to construct a future presence for themselves either through the composition of literature that is aimed (at least in part) at the future or through efforts to write themselves into the landscape of their native or adopted cities. I argue that the cultural and temporal perspective of these men drives their multifarious, playful, and self-reflexive approach to the production of literature or monuments. For those men engaged in the ‘second sophistic’, in the narrower, Philostratean definition, there is an ever present tether on their creative efforts, in that for contemporary success they must immerse themselves in the culture of classical Athens; and the prominent practice of epideictic oratory, with its promotion of improvisation and lack of repetition, discourages the kind of literary effort that aims at eternity. At the same time, their attempts to build themselves into the hearts of cities is less restricted, in that those who possess or have access to sufficient wealth can grant elaborate benefactions which essentially stand as monuments to their financer. Nevertheless, their belated position with respect to the Greek literary canon and the heights of political and cultural prestige invested in classical Greece infuses the cultural efforts of the second sophistic with a sense of pathos that acknowledges the impossibility of creating and controlling one’s future reputation regardless of how much effort is applied. At the same time, this impossible position, rather than limiting them, endows these men with a varied, self-ironizing, intertextual, intermedial, and unique approach to cultural production that actively engages with the inescapable and laudable past in order to carve a lasting impression on the literary and physical landscape of the Roman empire.

Rédigé vraisemblablement à la fin du IVe siècle, à une époque où l’enseignement traditionnel des écoles romaines se maintient et où le paganisme cherche à conserver sa place face au christianisme, le commentaire de Servius à l’Énéide de Virgile, dont le livre V fait l’objet du présent travail, est une œuvre particulièrement importante. Il est destiné à ouvrir à ses auditeurs (les élèves de la classe de Servius), puis à ses lecteurs, la possibilité de mieux comprendre le texte virgilien, et il offre au spécialiste moderne de multiples traces de rites, croyances, pratiques et récits mythologiques qui, sans la richesse de ses développements, resteraient inconnus. Le commentateur laisse parfois percevoir au fil de ses remarques sa vision de l’époque de Virgile et de la sienne propre, et il livre aussi des éléments d’information concernant la réception de l’Énéide dans l’Antiquité tardive. L’intérêt de l’ouvrage est doublé du fait que s’y sont entremêlés ensuite des ajouts d’origines diverses transformant pour ainsi dire le commentaire de Servius en un second commentaire, connu sous l’appellation de « Servius Danielis », présent dans certains manuscrits médiévaux. C’est pour toutes ces raisons que nous proposons, après une introduction consacrée à ses thématiques centrales, une traduction complète de ce double commentaire servien au livre V de l’Énéide de Virgile, en accompagnant et documentant cette traduction par les notes nombreuses et détaillées que réclament la richesse et la complexité de ce travail caractéristique des savants que l’Antiquité appelait des « grammairiens ». / Most certainly written at the end of the 4th century, at a time when traditional teaching from roman school persists and when paganism tries to keep its position facing Christianity, Servius’ Commentary on Virgil’s Aeneid, whose book V is the subject of this study, is a particularly significant work. It is intended to permit the listener (Servius’ students), then the reader, to better understand Virgil’s text and offers to modern specialists many vestiges of rituals, beliefs, practices and mythology’s stories that, without the richness of its body, certainly wouldn’t be known nowadays. The commentator sometimes suggests, throughout his remarks, the vision he has of the Virgil’s time as being his own time and he also gives some information about the Aeneid’s reception in the last Antiquity. The interest of the book is doubled because the text is mixed with elements from diverse origins; it turned the commentary into a second one, known as “Servius Danielis” text and present in some manuscripts. That is why we offer, after an introduction devoted to the main themes of the book, a complete translation of this double servian commentary at the Virgil Aeneid, book 5; this translation goes with many detailed commentaries needed due to the richness and the complexity of expert’s typical work which Antiquity called “grammarian”.

La traduction française des facta et dicta memorabilia (memorabilia) de Valère Maxime est l'une des œuvres les plus importantes composées au cours de la grande saison de traduction en français des ouvrages de l'antiquité classique entre le xiiie et le xve siècle. l’œuvre conjointe de Simon de Hesdin et Nicolas de Gonesse, « translateurs » et glossateurs de Valère Maxime, eut une importante fortune manuscrite et fut très célèbre parmi ses contemporains. cependant, elle demeure toujours inédite. par notre recherche nous espérons remédier à cette lacune critique en faisant le travail qui s'impose sur la tradition manuscrite de cette œuvre. plus précisément, en partant des études de m. Giuseppe Di Stefano et en nous rattachant aux travaux d'édition déjà entrepris par l'équipe coordonnée par m. Alessandro Vitale-Brovarone (Université de Turin, Italie), nous comptons fournir une édition critique de la deuxième partie de cette traduction, à savoir la partie mise en français par Nicolas de Gonesse pour le duc Jean de Berry entre 1400 et 1401. / The first French translation of Valerius Maximus constitutes one of the main unpublished works in the medieval French literary production; it can be considered instrumental for a better comprehension of the development of the French branch of Humanism in general, and the diffusion of Italian and Latin texts in fourteenthcentury France in particular. Further expanding the studies of Giuseppe Di Stefano and according to the project of the University of Turin, we propose the first critical edition of the section of the text translated and glossed by Nicolas de Gonesse (books VII 5 - IX) based on manuscript Paris, BnF, français 282. Moreover, we present new data on the manuscript tradition and additional analysis of this work.

by S.B. Gershwin and H.-N. Tan. / Bibliography: leaves 5-6. / Caption title. / Supported by the U.S. Dept. of Transportation under Contract DOT-TSC-1456