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This thesis studies the reception and transmission of Varro in authors dating from the second century onwards, examining the consequences of Varro's fragmentary survival for our understanding of his works and of the authors in which Varronian material is found. Chapter 1 investigates the influence exercised by Varro's Suetonian biography on our understanding of Varro's oeuvre. Certain misleading testimonia to Varro are shown to depend on judgements recycled from Suetonius rather than attest genuine reactions to Varro's own works. Chapter 2 examines the transmission of Varro's Antiquitatum libri, using novel methodologies based on careful examination of quoting authors' referential formulae to uncover changes in the paratext of Varro' s treatise. Such changes presuppose an evolution in the way the text was conceptualised and read, and demonstrate that our modem editions' presentation of Varro' s fragments fundamentally misrepresents the original work. Chapter 3 takes a diachronic approach to the study of the reception of Varro' s Menippean Satires, chiefly in the archaists and grammarians, and provides a comparative study of Non ius Marcellus and Saint Augustine's knowledge of Varro. Besides Nonius, evidence of direct engagement with the Menippeans is found to be confined to the Severan period and does not antedate Gellius. One of the tangential findings of this study is that the majority of Varronian fragments transmitted by the grammarians are ultimately owed to Pliny's Dubius sermo, and that none of the material in the Vergilian commentary tradition or Corpus grammaticorum Latinorum can be shown to result from direct reading in Varro by the quoting author. Chapter 4 studies material cited from and attributed to Varro's Antiquitatum libri in Aulus Gellius, demonstrating that a range of sources, both Varronian and non-Varronian, contribute to his Varroniana, despite his access to some portions of the original work. His knowledge of Varro is shown to be more restricted than is generally supposed. The conclusion contextualises the above findings in terms of a larger projected study that will utilise the discoveries of this thesis in a wider investigation of the reception and transmission of Varro in Christian authors.

This dissertation investigates the character and use of Arthurian narratives in medieval Latin literature, with particular emphasis on the socio-political, ideological and literary functions they were designed to serve. It focuses on a little-known assortment of writings from the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, contextualising Latin Arthurian material with analyses of contemporary history and literary culture. It begins with a re-evaluation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's role in'the development of Arthurian literature, especially his influence on Latin historiography and medieval romance, evaluating what I perceive to be a noticeable shift in register between his earlier work, Historia Regum Britanniae, and his later poem, Vita Merlini. I argue that the later work anticipates the rise of romance writing, and also consider it in relation to the emergence of the individual in twelfth-century literature. The dissertation then examines a number of understudied Latin Arthurian works, through individual case studies, in order to demonstrate the varied and interesting uses that post-Galfridian writers found for the Arthurian legend. The study of this heterogeneous collection of texts is intended to produce a deeper understanding and appreciation of Latin Arthuriana and to reassess its position in relation to the wider literary canon. A short conclusion also establishes some connections between these Latin texts and vernacular literature, and calls for further investigation into the relationship between these two linguistic traditions.

This comparison of the epigrams of Martial and Owen endeavours to assess whether the title of Martialis Redivivus, bestowed on Owen by scholars and critics as soon as his epigrams were first published, was justified. The comparison covers their lives, their literary output and problems of authorship against the background of life in the Roman Empire of the 1st century A.D. and the early Stuart period in England. Owen's contemporary popularity and later neglect is noticed. Their use of patronage is treated in detail and includes their own attitude to it, their relationship with their patrons and with the court. The subjects of their epigrams also receive detailed comment and comparison. These reveal the poets' own attitude to the genre of epigram and deal with the traditional themes of satiric verse as well as serious topics such as death, philosophy of life, friendship and especially Owen's strong support for the Protestant religion. Martial's and Owen's own epigrams are throughout quoted as important evidence. Their literary and linguistic technique is reviewed and Owen's debt to the Welsh Cynghanedd is noted. Finally some of the verdicts, past and present, on Owen as a writer are collated, before a final summary of similarities and differences. At the end an answer is attempted to the question posed at the beginning.

Ce travail de recherche a pour but d'analyser les relations entre le domaine de la rhétorique et les divers aspects de la thérapeutique exposée par Celse, encyclopédiste romain du 1er siècle ap. J.­ C., dans son livre intitulé De Medicina, ou Sur la Médecine. Il s'agit principalement de tenter d'offrir une approche globale de l'ouvrage celsien, qui prenne en compte tous ses aspects, depuis sa réalisation par l'auteur jusqu'à sa possible mise en pratique par un soignant, professionnel ou amateur. / This PhD thesis aims at analyzing the relationship between rhetoric and therapeutiques exposed by Celsus, a Roman encyclopaedist from the 1st century AD, in his De Medieina, or On Medicina. Our main concem is to try and provide with a global approach of Celsus' worlc, taking into account every single aspect of it, from its writing to its putting into practice by a professional or amateur healer.

In this study, following a severe accident at Kozloduy nuclear plant in Bulgaria how Turkey would be affected was investigated. The severe accident refers to core meltdown accident with catastrophic failure of containment. The model used is HySPLIT model developed in America. The worst day was predicted considering deposition of radionuclides. For initial runs, accidental release of I-131 and Cs-137 radionuclides was modeled for each day of year 2000 to find the worst day, seen to result from release beginning on April 7th 2000. After modeling release of all radionuclides for the worst day, radiation dose at different receptors, 12 most populated cities over Turkey has been calculated via different pathways. Late effects, fatal cancer, non-fatal cancer and hereditary risks, has been investigated for these receptors. The mostly affected part of Turkey was Marmara region and fatal cancer risk therein was 7x10-2 %. The collective health risk throughout Turkey was approximately 20 600 people. The same approach was then applied for investigating health risk of proposed nuclear reactor at Akkuyu, Turkey. In this case, the worst day was resulted from release beginning on 21st of February 2000. The worst affected part was the narrow strip in Central Anatolia extending to the north-eastern cost and fatal cancer risk in this region was 3.4x10-1 %. The collective health risk over Turkey was approximately 30 600 people. The results showed that Kozloduy nuclear plant has dominating effect throughout Turkey, but proposed Akkuyu reactor affects very limited region.

The mechanisms and kinetics of combustion of waste wood as well as the phases during combustion processes are important to eliminate these wastes without any possible damage to environment. In the present study, combustion mechanisms, activation energy and pre-exponential constants, and phases of combustion were investigated for untreated natural pine and treated Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF), plywood and particleboard samples that involve some chemicals and additives. Waste wood samples were heated in air at 10, 20 and 30oC/min heating rates in a Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) from room temperature to 900oC. Thermogravimetry (TG) and Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) curves for all samples were obtained. The gases formed during combustion reactions were directly fed to a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument coupled to TGA. Emission characteristics of the samples were determined in-situ by using the FTIR spectrums. As a result of TG analysis, thermal decomposition of treated samples was observed at lower temperatures as compared to the untreated pine sample because of the catalyzing effects of the chemicals in the treated samples. Therefore, there were less flammable products, lower weight losses in the main oxidation region, decrease in the max. weight loss temperatures and formation of more char for treated samples as compared to untreated pine sample. In other words, chemicals used during production of these samples lead to decrease in the combustibility of the treated samples. Thermal kinetic constants for the samples were calculated by using Coats Redfern and Broido Methods. In order to find out the mechanisms responsible for the oxidation of the waste wood samples in different regions, six solid state mechanisms of Coats Redfern Method were tested. As a result of FTIR analysis of the emitted gases from TG analysis, several chemical groups were detected from pine and treated samples. Combustion of all samples revealed some gases containing aromatics, C-H groups, CO2 and CO. However, there were some toxic and carcinogenic gases like formaldehyde, isocyanate group, ammonia, phenyl group and benzoylbromide among the emissions of treated samples which need utmost attention when recovering energy from treated waste woods.

Daily aerosol samples were collected at the &Ccedil / andarli which is located on Aegean coast of Turkey. A rural site was selected to monitor atmospheric pollution by long range transport. Sampling was performed in both summer and winter seasons, and in total 151 samples were obtained. Concentrations of elements in the samples were measured in order to identify sources and possible source locations of pollutants. Measured concentrations of trace elements at the &Ccedil / andarli station were compared with those measured at various sites around the world and, also in Turkey. As a result of comparison, level of pollution at the Aegean Region was found to be lower than the Mediterranean Region and Black Sea Region. Air flow climatology at &Ccedil / andarli was investigated in order to determine potential source regions for pollutants. Frequency of air flows from Russia and Western Europe are higher suggesting that emissions from these industrial regions affect the chemical composition of particulate matter. Besides these, it was concluded that contributions from Central and Eastern European countries are significantly high because of frequent air mass transport. Concentrations of elements measured at &Ccedil / andarli station were found to show short and seasonal variations. Such variations in concentrations are explained by variations in the source strengths and transport patterns. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to determine sources of elements and contribution of sources to each element. This analysis revealed 5 sources, two local anthropogenic emissions factor, one soil factor, one sea salt factor and one long range transport factor. Distribution of Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) values showed that main sources of SO42- are observed in Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Ukraine and central part of Aegean region.

DEVELOPMENT OF GIS BASED TRAJECTORY STATISTICAL ANALYSIS METHOD TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL SOURCES OF REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION Yikmaz, Riza Fikret M.Sc., Department of Geodetic and Geographic Information Technologies Supervisor: Prof. Dr. G&uuml / rdal Tuncel Co-supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zuhal Aky&uuml / rek May 2010, 186 pages Apportionment of source regions affecting a certain receptor in the regional scale is necessary information for air quality management and development of national policy for exchange of air pollutants with other countries. Source region apportionment can be studied either through numerical modeling or by using trajectory statistics that is a hybrid methodology of modeling and measurements. Each of these approaches has their advantages and disadvantages. In this study treatment of back-trajectory segments in Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF), which is one of the tools used in trajectory statistics will be investigated, to increase the reliability of the apportionment process. In the current method run in GIS, especially two parameters gains importance. One is that the vertical locations of trajectory segments are not taken into account at present. In this study, how the evaluation of the segments in 3-D instead of 2-D could improve the results will be assessed. The other parameter that is rainfall at each segment will be included in the PSCF calculations and its effects on the spatial distribution of PSCF values will be evaluated. A user interface in Geographical Information System (GIS) will be developed for effective use of improved methodology.

The objectives of this study are to determine the non-methane volatile organic carbon emissions from the parts used in the interiors of buses at different temperatures and to analyze the components of these emissions. The total non-methane volatile organic carbon (NMVOC) concentrations in various sections of a bus were measured in order to determine the indoor air pollution in the bus. Different samples of the materials used in the interior parts of the buses were provided by the manufacturing company and they were tested in the METU Air Pollution Laboratory in order to see what hydrocarbon components make up this total NMVOC concentration.The results of experiments showed that the leading constituent emitted from the test pieces was toluene. Benzene concentration was very low. This is very important since benzene is a carcinogen and it has very low indoor concentration limits determined by OSHA and NIOSH. When the concentrations of the total NMVOC emitted from various parts are examined, it was seen that the most of the VOC emissions occur from the floor materials and ventilation channel. After measurements were done in two buses the average indoor total NMVOC concentrations were found as 21.15 &plusmn / 5.8 ppmv (as C3H8) and 46.04 &plusmn / 9.2 ppmv (as C3H8) in the first and second bus, respectively. Suggestions were made to the manufacturing company for some replacement of solvents and adhesives, and measurements were repeated with the newly manufactured parts for the bus. The highest concentrations were observed for toluene in these measurements, too. However, the toluene concentration was at least 40% lower than the initial values. Benzene concentrations were again very low. The average indoor total NMVOC concentrations were found as 10.41 &plusmn / 2 ppmv (as C3H8) in the measurements done in the bus decorated with new materials. This concentration was about 50% and 25% of the values measured in the first and the second bus at the beginning of the study, respectively.