No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The thesis is concerned with the consequences of military intervention and procurement for developing countries. The first part analyses the theoretical explanations from social science of military intervention and the related incidence of violence in the Third World. It argues in favour of the legitimacy thesis as an explanatory framework and discusses the evidence from independent states - Africa, the Middle East and Asia. An analysis of the factors conducive to non-intervention is also attempted. The second part discusses the problem of the competition between defence and welfare expenditures. It also goes on to analyse the economic impact of war on the development strategies of Nigeria, Israel, Egypt, Pakistan and Vietnam. The third part looks at the relationship between development and the arms trade. It places arms procurement in the context of the industrialisation strategy and finds a positive linkage between domestic and production and the expansion of the manufacturing base. The last section discusses the problem and prospects of disarmament. In so far as violence and military intervention reflect the rapid changes taking place within the Third World it is not feasible to conceive of disarmament being a productive contribution to political and social stability.

The objective of this study is to analyse spatial patterns of population dynamics in Egypt during the period 1947-70. It is hoped that this may assist in the understanding of the processes underlying demographic change in Egypt and so provide a firmer foundation for future national planning. The main body of the thesis begins in Chapter Two with an overview of Egypt's population growth, with special emphasis on the regional differentials. In the following chapters the analysis of population change becomes more detailed. In Chapter Three the first component of population growth, namely fertility, has been dealt with. In Chapter Four, mortality, the second component, has been discussed, while Chapter Five deals with age and sex structure. Chapter Six examines internal migration, which is extremely important because it concerns the ever-growing concentration of people in Egypt's largest cities, especially Cairo, a concentration which gives rise to some of Egypt’s most serious social and economic problems. This chapter leads into a more specific discussion of the uneven population distribution within the country. Chapter Eight deals with urbanization snowing that Egypt: suffers from over-urbanization, as the rural population continues to flood into urban centres. The concluding chapter examines government policy regarding population change and development. Volume II contains all the basic population data relevant to the thesis.

The Pasi share with most of the lower caste rural people the problem of rapidly growing population. Population policy of the Indian- Government has failed to initiate fertility decline under present conditions of Pasi existence. The people have not responded to the programme primarily because birth control contradicts the vital interest of the Pasi population. The Pasi favour large families because they are essential for economic survival. Their subsistence economy is based on man-power and every farmer knows that if he is to survive he must rely upon his family for the necessary labour force. The fact that the family is the basic unit of work has important fertility implications. Since it is the source of economic and physical security in the village, children, especially sons, are vital to the Pasi people. Therefore institutional and organizational characteristics such as extended family structure, male dominant authority-pattern, early entry into marriage and home-based role for women, encourage high fertility. The necessary conditions for the acceptance of the population programme do not exist in the Pasi community. A great majority of the people do not favour a small family. Although a Family Planning and Welfare Clinic is attached to each village, only a small minority of the Pasi women have any knowledge of modern means of contraception. The structural and organizational characteristics of the Pasi are such that the values and knowledge about family planning cannot be realized and expedited by the young couples. The locus of authority even in decision-making regarding fertility matters resides not with the young couple but with the older members of the family. The study confirms that socio-economic change is the basis for an effective solution of population problems and points out that factors promoting socio-economic development also encourage the successful implementation of family planning.

The work may be divided into two parts. The first is concerned with obtaining a geographically significant definition of rurality and applying it to the twenty pre-April 1967 Rural Districts of Northumberland and Durham at the Civil Parish level. A composite index of rurality based upon the four prime geographical factors of population density, land use, employment and situation shows truly rural conditions over much of Northumberland as well as in west Durham and a surprisingly large area of south Durham. The second part establishes the major criteria by which the heterogeneous populations found within the 14/ units derived from the Rural Districts may be categorised. Three major definitional axes are found through multivariate analysis and three unit types established which are characterised by (a) dense population, industry, mining and a near urban situation; (b) remoteness and the predominance of agriculture; (c) high social status. Distinct zones of such units are found : the first type in south-east Northumberland, central and east Durham; the second in west Durham and much of the remainder of Northumberland; the third around the major conurbations and extending down the Lyne valley. The remainder of the work comprises an analysis of the areal variation of individual demographic, social, socio-economic and economic variables both to establish significant distributional features and the nature of any association with the earlier classification, many such links are found. Thus, the industrial/mining type units tend to be characterised by such features as short distance population mobility, high unemployment or overcrowding; the agricultural and remoter rural units by an old age structure, a large number of households with no family unit or little recorded journey to work movement; the high social status units by high sex ratios and a substantial population increase between 1951 and 1971.

This thesis studies the demographic history of Crosthwaite Parish, Cumberland (Cumbria) during the period 1560-1800, and attempts to assess the factors affecting population change in the region over that period. It uses the demographic material to assess the Influence of some of the population changes on the genetic structure of the population. The study starts with a general introduction to the geography and population history of the region. The second chapter describes the methods used to record and cross-reference the Anglican parish registers which were the main source of material for this research. This is followed by an outline of the types of analysis used to obtain demographic Information, and by a description of some attempts to assess pre-census population sizes in England and Wales. The main section of the work involves the use of 'cohorts' to study changes in the size of the breeding population, family size, age at marriage, migration rates and the sex ratio of migrants. Indices of genetic isolation are calculated to indicate the likelihood of genetic drift occurring at any point during the period studied. A study of isonymy is used to calculate Inbreeding coefficients. The conclusion discusses the results obtained, and assesses the limitations and potential of historical population studies.

No description available.